Method and apparatus for emulating a frequency modulation device

• US 6,051,772 A
• Filed: 07/15/1997
• Issued: 04/18/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 07/15/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Creative Technology Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Aureal Semiconductor, Inc.
• Inventors: Cameron, Charles J., Catlin, Gary M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Witkowski, Stanley J.
• Application Number:
  US08/893,148
• Time in Patent Office: 1,008 Days
• Field of Search: 84/624, 84/659-661, 84/696, 84/603, 84/DIG. 27, 84/635, 84/636, 84/DIG. 12
• US Class Current: 84/624
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 1/06 Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones , or other arrangements for changing the tone colour
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/475 FM synthesis, i.e. altering the timbre of simple waveforms by frequency modulating them with frequencies also in the audio range, resulting in different-sounding tones exhibiting more complex waveforms
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 7/002 using a common processing for different operations or calculations, and a set of microinstructions (programme) to control the sequence thereof
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 84/12 Side; rhythm and percussion devices
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 84/27 Stereo

Abstract

A system and method are disclosed for emulating a frequency modulation sound chip with minimal hardware and utilizing the excess capacity of current computer systems. In one embodiment, the frequency modulation emulation apparatus includes a frequency modulation emulator suitable to communicate with a computer system. The frequency modulation emulator provides an addressable memory space, substantially similar to an emulated addressable memory space of the emulated frequency modulation sound chip, such that a frequency modulation application implemented on the computer system can communicate with the frequency modulation emulator. The emulator chip receives audio data through the addressable memory space from the frequency modulation application and, the frequency modulation application is unaware that the frequency modulation emulator is receiving the audio data rather than the emulated frequency modulation sound chip. A frequency modulation generator is implemented on the computer system. The frequency modulation generator receives the audio data from the frequency modulation generator. The frequency modulation generator processes the audio data to produce an audio signal in a manner that is substantially similar to the operation of the emulated frequency modulation sound chip. Thus, minimal hardware is used to emulate a frequency modulation sound chip, and utilizing the excess capacity of current computer systems.

Claims

1. A method of emulating a frequency modulation sound chip comprising:

providing a frequency modulation emulator suitable to communicate with a computer system, the frequency modulation emulator providing an emulator addressable memory space, the emulator addressable memory space being substantially similar to an emulated addressable memory space on the emulated frequency modulation sound chip, the emulator addressable memory space being suitable for communication with a frequency modulation application implemented on the computer system, wherein the emulator chip is suitable to receive audio data through the addressable memory space from the frequency modulation application; and

implementing a frequency modulation generator on the computer system, the frequency modulation generator accessing audio data from the frequency modulation emulator,

whereby the frequency modulation generator receives audio data for processing in a manner that is substantially similar to the operation of the emulated frequency modulation sound chip, and the frequency modulation emulator provides communication with the frequency modulation application.

2. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the frequency modulation emulator further includes:

a decoder in communication with the computer system, the decoder providing the addressable memory space, the decoder being capable of receiving the audio data from the frequency modulation application implemented on the computer system;

a memory in communication with the decoder and the frequency modulation generator, wherein the memory receives the audio data from the decoder and the memory provides the frequency modulation generator with access to the audio data.

3. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the step of implementing the frequency modulation generator includes:

initializing the frequency modulation emulator including,

initializing the memory, such that the memory is in a state substantially similar to a start up state of the emulated frequency modulation chip;

repeatedly retrieving the audio data from the memory at a predetermined interval of time; and

generating the audio signal described by the audio data, the audio signal including a plurality of voices.

4. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the audio data includes timer data and a version bit, and the frequency modulation generator chip further includes:

a variable length timer in communication with the decoder, the timer receiving the timer data from the frequency modulation application by way of the decoder, wherein the timer data determines the length of the variable length timer; and

a status register in communication with the variable length timer and the frequency modulation application, the status register including,

a timer flag, the variable length timer setting the timer flag when the timer has overflowed, and

a version bit, the status register being masked in the addressable memory space such that the frequency modulation application can access the timer flag and the version bit from the status register through the addressable memory space, wherein the status register is in communication with the frequency modulation generator such that the frequency modulation generator is capable of setting the timer flag and the version bit.

5. A method as recited in claim 4, wherein the step of initializing the frequency modulation generator further includes initializing the timer to a predetermined state, and initializing the timer flag and the version bit of the status register.

6. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the audio data includes mode data, and the frequency modulation emulator further includes:

a mode register in communication with the decoder and the frequency modulation generator, the mode register receiving the mode data from the frequency modulation application by way of the decoder, wherein the frequency modulation generator is capable of accessing the mode data from the mode register.

7. A method as recited in claim 6, wherein:

the step of initializing the frequency modulation generator further includes initializing the mode register to a predetermined state; and

the step of implementing the frequency modulation generator further includes retrieving the mode data from the mode register, the frequency modulation generator operating in a one of a plurality of emulation modes based upon the value of the mode data.

8. A method as recited in claim 3, wherein the audio data includes key_-- on data, the frequency emulator chip further including:

a key decoder in communication with the decoder, the key decoder receiving the key_-- on data from the decoder; and

a key register in communication with the key decoder and the frequency modulation generator, the key register including a melodic transition flag, wherein the key decoder sets the melodic transition flag when the key_-- on data transitions from a first key state to a second key state and back to the first key state within the predetermined interval of time, and the frequency modulation generator is capable of accessing the melodic transition flag.

9. A method as recited in claim 8, wherein:

the step of initializing the frequency modulation generator further includes initializing the key registers to a predetermined state; and

the step of implementing the frequency modulation generator further includes,

retrieving the melodic transition flag from the key register along with the audio data from the memory;

producing an associated audio signal corresponding to the key_-- on data and the melodic transition flag, and

resetting the melodic transition flag if the melodic transition flag was set.

10. A method as recited in claim 8, wherein the audio data includes rhythm data, and the key register further includes a rhythmic transition flag, the key decoder receiving the rhythm data from the decoder, wherein the key decoder sets the rhythmic transition flag when the rhythm data transitions from a first rhythm state to a second rhythm state and back to the first rhythm state within the first predetermined interval of time, and the frequency modulation generator is capable of accessing the rhythmic transition flag.

11. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein the step of implementing the frequency modulation generator further includes:

retrieving the rhythmic transition flag from the key register along with the audio data from the memory;

producing an associated audio signal corresponding to the key_-- on data and the rhythmic transition flag; and

resetting the rhythmic transition flag if the rhythmic transition flag was set.

12. A method as recited in claim 3, wherein the step of generating an audio signal includes:

determining a number of the plurality of voices of the audio signal described by the audio data;

providing a first voice, the voice having a first plurality of operators including a first carrier operator and a first modulator operator, the first voice being described by a first subset of the audio data associated with the first voice, wherein the first subset of the audio data describes a carrier operator output and a modulator operator output, the outputs including an envelope and a frequency components, the carrier operator output also including the incorporation of the modulator operator output, such that an output of the first voice may be the carrier operator output or the sum of the carrier and modulator outputs, as determined by the first subset of the audio data associated with the first voice, and repeating for the number of the plurality of voices described by the audio data;

determining if an output of an each of the first plurality of operators of the first voice is audible and repeating for the number of the plurality of voices;

discarding an inaudible operator of the first plurality of operators of the first voice, wherein the inaudible operator has an associated output that is inaudible, and repeating for the number of the plurality of voices;

generating the output of the each of the first plurality of operators of the first voice that has not been discarded, and repeating for the number of the plurality of voices;

generating the output of the first voice from the output of the each of the first plurality of operators that has not been discarded, and repeating for the number of the plurality of voices; and

generating the audio signal from the outputs of the plurality of voices.

13. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the computer system is an IBM PC compatible computer system, such that the frequency modulation generator is capable of being implemented within a conventional memory space of the IBM PC compatible computer system while also allowing the frequency modulation application to be concurrently implemented on the IBM PC compatible computer system.

14. A method of emulating a frequency modulation sound chip comprising:

providing a frequency modulation emulator in communication with a computer system, the frequency modulation emulator providing an emulator addressable memory space substantially similar to an emulated addressable memory space on the emulated frequency modulation sound chip, the frequency modulation emulator being suitable for communication with a frequency modulation application implemented on the computer system, wherein the emulator receives audio data through the addressable memory space from the frequency modulation application, the audio data including timer data, mode data, key_-- on data and rhythm data, the frequency modulation emulator including,

a decoder in communication with the computer system, the decoder providing the addressable memory space capable of receiving the audio data from the frequency modulation application,

a memory in communication with the decoder and a frequency modulation generator, wherein the memory receives the audio data from the decoder and the memory provides the frequency modulation generator with access to the audio data,

a variable length timer in communication with the decoder, the timer receiving the timer data from the frequency modulation application by way of the decoder, wherein the timer data determines the length of the variable length timer,

a status register in communication with the variable length timer and the frequency modulation application, the status register including,

a timer flag, the variable length timer setting the timer flag when the timer has overflowed, and

a version bit, the status register being masked in the addressable memory space such that the frequency modulation application can access the timer flag and the version bit from the status register through the addressable memory space, wherein the status register is in communication with the frequency modulation generator such that the frequency modulation generator is capable of setting the timer flag and the version bit,

a mode register in communication with the decoder and the frequency modulation generator, the mode register receiving the mode data from the frequency modulation application by way of the decoder, wherein the frequency modulation generator is capable of accessing the mode data from the mode register,

a key decoder in communication with the decoder, the key decoder receiving the key_-- on data from the decoder, and

a key register in communication with the key decoder and the frequency modulation generator, the key register including a melodic transition flag and a rhythmic transition flag, wherein the key decoder sets the melodic transition flag when the key_-- on data transitions from a first key state to a second key state and back to the first key state within a first predetermined interval of time, and the key decoder sets the rhythmic transition flag when the rhythm data transitions from a first rhythm state to a second rhythm state and back to the first rhythm state within the first predetermined interval of time, and the frequency modulation generator is capable of accessing the melodic and rhythmic transition flags; and

implementing the frequency modulation generator on the computer system, the frequency modulation generator accessing the audio data front, the frequency modulation emulator and processing the audio data to produce an audio signal, implementing the frequency modulation generator including,

initializing the frequency modulation generator chip including,

initializing the memory, such that the memory is in a state substantially similar to a start up state of the emulated frequency modulation chip,

initializing the timer to a predetermined state,

initializing the timer flag and the version bit of the status register,

initializing the mode register to a predetermined state,

initializing the key register to a predetermined state,

retrieving the mode data from the mode register, the frequency modulation generator operating in a one of a plurality of emulation modes based upon the value of the mode data,

repeatedly retrieving the audio data from the memory and the melodic and rhythmic transition bits from the status register at the first predetermined interval of time,

generating the audio signal described by the audio data and the melodic and rhythmic transition flags, the audio signal including a plurality of voices, and

resetting the melodic and rhythmic transition flags if the melodic and rhythmic transition flags were set, respectively.

15. A method as recited in claim 14, wherein the step of generating an audio signal includes:

determining a number of the plurality of voices of the audio signal described by the audio data;

providing a first voice, the voice having a first plurality of operators including a first carrier operator and a first modulator operator, the first voice being described by a first subset of the audio data associated with the first voice, wherein the first subset of the audio data describes a carrier operator output and a modulator operator output, the outputs including an envelope and a frequency components, the carrier operator output also including the incorporation of the modulator operator output, such that an output of the first voice may be the carrier operator output or the sum of the carrier and modulator outputs, as determined by the first subset of the audio data associated with the first voice, and repeating for the number of the plurality of voices described by the audio data;

determining if an output of an each of the first plurality of operators of the first voice is audible and repeating for the number of the plurality of voices;

discarding an inaudible operator of the first plurality of operators of the first voice, wherein the inaudible operator has an associated output that is inaudible, and repeating for the number of the plurality of voices;

generating the output of the each of the first plurality of operators of the first voice that has not been discarded, and repeating for the number of the plurality of voices;

generating the output of the first voice from the output of the each of the first plurality of operators that has not been discarded, and repeating for the number of the plurality of voices; and

generating the audio signal from the outputs of the plurality of voices.

16. A frequency modulation emulator for use with a frequency modulation generator, the frequency modulation generator implemented on a computer system, for emulating a frequency modulation sound chip comprising:

a decoder in communication with the computer system, the decoder providing an emulator addressable memory space substantially similar to an emulated addressable memory space on the emulated frequency modulation sound chip and capable of receiving audio data from a frequency modulation application implemented on the computer system;

a memory in communication with the decoder and the frequency modulation generator, wherein the memory receives the audio data from the decoder and the memory allows the frequency modulation generator to access the audio data.

17. A frequency modulation emulator as recited in claim 16, wherein the audio data includes timer data, the frequency modulation emulator further comprising:

a variable length timer in communication with the decoder, the timer receiving the timer data from the from the frequency modulation application by way of the decoder, wherein the timer data determines the length of the variable length timer;

a status register in communication with the variable length timer and the frequency modulation application, the status register including a timer flag, the variable length timer setting the timer flag when the timer has overflowed, the status register being masked in the addressable memory space such that the frequency modulation application can access the timer flag from the status register through the addressable memory space.

18. A frequency modulation emulator as recited in claim 17, wherein the status register is in communication with the frequency modulation generator, and further includes a version bit, the frequency modulation generator capable of setting the value of the version bit and the timer flag, whereby the frequency modulation application is capable of accessing the version bit.

19. A frequency modulation emulator as recited in claim 16, wherein the audio data includes mode data, the frequency modulation emulator further comprising:

a mode register in communication with the decoder and the frequency modulation generator, the mode register receiving the mode data from the frequency modulation application by way of the decoder, wherein the frequency modulation generator is capable of accessing the mode data from the mole register.

20. A frequency modulation emulator as recited in claim 16, wherein the audio data includes key_-- on data, the frequency modulation generator further comprising:

a key decoder in communication with the decoder, the key decoder receiving the key_-- on data from the decoder; and

a key register in communication with the key decoder and the frequency modulation generator, the key register including a melodic transition flag, wherein the key decoder sets the melodic transition flag when the key_-- on data transitions from a first key state to a second key state and back to the first key state within a first predetermined interval of time, and the frequency modulation generator is capable of accessing the melodic transition flag.

21. A frequency modulation emulator as recited in claim 20, wherein the audio data includes a rhythm data, and the key register further includes a rhythmic transition flag, the key decoder receiving the rhythm data from the decoder, wherein the key decoder sets the rhythmic transition flag when the rhythm data transitions from a first rhythm state to a second rhythm state and back to the first rhythm state within a second predetermined interval of time, and the frequency modulation generator is capable of accessing the melodic transition flag.

22. A frequency modulation emulator as recited in claim 21, wherein the first and second predetermined intervals of time are the same and is the amount of time between accesses by the frequency modulation generator to the memory.

23. A method of emulating a frequency modulation sound chip comprising:

receiving an instruction from a frequency modulation application implemented on a computer system to play an audio signal, the instruction including audio data describing the audio signal to be played, receiving the instruction being performed by a frequency modulation emulator;

storing the instruction in a memory of the frequency modulation emulator;

retrieving the instruction from the memory, retrieving the instruction being implemented by a frequency modulation generator implemented on the computer system; and

generating the audio signal described by the first plurality of data, generating the audio signal being implemented by the frequency modulation generator.

24. A method of emulating a frequency modulation sound chip as recited in claim 23, wherein the first plurality of data includes a timer selection and a mode selection, the method further comprising:

providing a timing signal to the frequency modulation application associated with the timer selection, providing the timing signal being implemented by the frequency modulation emulator;

repeating the step of retrieving the instruction from the first memory at a predetermined interval of time; and

determining a mode of operation associated with the mode selection, determining the mode being implemented by the frequency modulation generator.

25. A method as recited in claim 24, wherein the first plurality of data includes key_-- on data and rhythm data, the method further comprising:

generating a melodic transition flag when the key_-- on data transitions from a first key_-- on state to a second key_-- on state and back to the first key_-- on state within the predetermined interval of time;

generating a rhythmic transition flag when the rhythm data transitions from a first rhythmic state to a second rhythmic state and back to the first rhythmic state within the predetermined interval of time;

wherein the step of generating the audio signal further incorporates the melodic and rhythmic transition flags into the generation of the audio signal.

26. A frequency modulation generator for use with a frequency modulation emulator, the frequency modulation generator implemented on a computer system for emulating a frequency modulation sound chip, the frequency modulation generator arranged to configure the computer system to:

retrieve audio data from the frequency modulation emulator; and

generate an audio signal, the audio signal being described by the audio data wherein the audio data includes a key on data and a rhythmic data;

repeatedly retrieve the audio data from the frequency modulation generator chip at a predetermined interval of time;

retrieve a melodic transition flag generated by the frequency modulation emulator along with the audio data, the melodic transition flag being set when the key on data transitions from a first key on state to a second key_-- on state and back to the first key_-- on state within the predetermined interval of time; and

retrieve a rhythmic transition flag generated by the frequency modulation emulator along with the audio data, the rhythmic transition flag being set when the rhythm data transitions from a first rhythmic state to a second rhythmic state and back to the first rhythmic state within the predetermined interval of time;

such that the generation of the audio signal incorporates the key_-- on data, and the melodic and rhythmic flags.

27. A frequency modulation sound card for use with a frequency modulation generator, the frequency modulation generator being implemented on a computer system, the frequency modulation sound card comprising:

a decoder in communication with a computer system, the decoder providing an addressable memory space substantially similar to an emulated frequency modulation sound chip and capable of receiving audio data from a frequency modulation application implemented on the computer system; and

a memory in communication with the decoder and the frequency modulation generator, wherein the memory receives the audio data from the decoder and the memory allows access to the audio data to the frequency modulation generator;

wherein frequency modulation generator is arranged to configure the computer system to retrieve audio data from the memory and generate an audio signal, the audio signal being described by the audio data.