Fingerprint detector using ridge resistance sensing array

• US 6,052,475 A
• Filed: 08/04/1997
• Issued: 04/18/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 03/29/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Original Assignee: TRW Limited (Zeppelin - Stiftung der Stadt Friedrichshafen)
• Inventors: Upton, Eric L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chang, Jon
• Assistant Examiner(s): Patel, Jayanti K.
• Application Number:
  US08/906,604
• Time in Patent Office: 988 Days
• Field of Search: 382/115, 382/124, 382/125, 382/126, 382/127, 382/116, 382/120, 382/122, 382/218, 340/825.3, 345/174, 396/15, 283/69, 283/78
• US Class Current: 382/125
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/1306 non-optical, e.g. ultrasonic or capacitive sensing
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/1335 Combining adjacent partial images (e.g. slices) to create a composite input or reference pattern; Tracking a sweeping finger movement

Abstract

A fingerprint detector that uses a skin resistance sensing array for producing a sample trajectory signal when a fingertip is moved across the sensing array surface. The sample trajectory signal represents the electrical conductance changes in the resistance of ridges and valleys of the fingertip. The fingerprint detector also includes a sampling circuit coupled to a processor. In addition, a technique is disclosed for detecting and verifying a fingerprint by moving a fingertip relative to the skin resistance sensing array. The sample trajectory signal produced is translated into a digital signal by the sampling circuit. The processor receives the digital sample trajectory signal for comparison with a known reference trajectory signal. The processor produces a verification signal if a threshold probability that the same fingertip generated both signals is exceeded. The reference trajectory signal is stored in a memory integrated into the device, or is provided from an external storage device through a data interface.

Claims

1. A fingerprint detector comprising:

sensing array means for translating a skin resistance of a fingertip into a sample trajectory signal as the fingertip is moved relative to the sensing array means, said sample trajectory signal being produced by a curvilinear trajectory formed by ridges and valleys of the fingertip and representing electrical conductance changes in the skin resistance of the fingertip associated with a profile of its ridges and valleys, said sensing array means including at least one sensor positioned for contacting the fingertip and allowing relative movement between the fingertip and the sensor, said sensor producing said sample trajectory signal corresponding to the skin resistance of the ridges and valleys as the fingertip and the sensing array means are moved relative to one another;

sampling means, coupled to said sensing array means, for quantizing said sample trajectory signal; and

processing means, coupled to said sampling means, for comparing said sample trajectory signal with a reference trajectory signal and producing a verification signal related to a probability that the fingertip generated both the sample trajectory signal and the reference trajectory signal.

2. The detector of claim 1 wherein the sensing array means comprises:

an insulating layer having a first side and a second side;

a conducting layer formed on said first side of said insulating layer having an outer surface opposed to said first side, said conducting layer having a plurality of holes therein for exposing said insulating layer;

an array of conducting wires extending through said holes and being generally flush with the top surface of said conducting layer; and

means for coupling said array of conducting wires to said sampling means.

3. The detector of claim 2 wherein said sensing array means forms a voltage divider when a fingerprint ridge completes a circuit by simultaneously contacting said conducting layer and a conducting wire within said array of conducting wires.

4. The detector of claim 2 wherein said array of conducting wires is embedded into an insulating layer of a single integrated circuit package.

5. The detector of claim 2 wherein said array of conducting wires forms an n×

m array, with said processor measuring a velocity function over a known distance when a fingertip and the sensing array means are moved relative to one another.

6. The detector of claim 2 wherein said conducting wire is small enough in diameter for forming an open circuit when a fingertip valley is passed over said conducting wire.

7. The detector of claim 2 wherein said sampling means comprises:

a multiplexer for selectively sequencing through a plurality of said conducting wires; and

an analog to digital converter for generating a digital bit stream representing said sample trajectory signal.

8. The detector of claim 1 wherein said sensing array means, said sampling means, and said processing means are fabricated within a single integrated circuit package.

9. The detector of claim 1 which further comprises memory means for storing said reference trajectory signal.

10. The detector of claim 1 wherein said sensing array means is located on a data carrier card at a location to permit a finger to be swiped across said sensing array means to produce said sample trajectory signal.

11. The detector of claim 1 wherein said fingerprint detector further comprises means for being activated automatically upon sensing relative contact between a finger and said sensing array means.

12. The detector of claim 1 wherein said fingerprint detector further comprises means for interfacing with an external storage device.

13. A fingerprint detector comprising:

(a) a skin resistance sensing array for contacting a fingertip and translating a skin resistance of ridges and valleys of the fingertip into a sample trajectory signal as the fingertip and the skin resistance sensing array are moved relative to one another, said sample trajectory signal being produced by a curvilinear trajectory formed by ridges and valleys of the fingertip and representing electrical conductance changes in the skin resistance of the fingertip associated with a profile of its ridges and valleys with respect to time, said skin resistance sensing array including;

(i) an insulating layer having a first side and a second side;

(ii) a conducting layer formed on said first side of said insulating layer having a top surface opposed to said first side, said conducting layer having a plurality of holes for exposing said insulating layer;

(iii) an array of conducting wires extending from said second side of said insulating layer and through said holes, each conducting wire being centered within each said hole; and

said array of conducting wires being flushly aligned with the top surface of said conducting layer;

(b) a multiplexer coupled to said skin resistance sensing array for selectively switching between each conducting wire of said skin resistance sensing array;

(c) an analog to digital converter coupled to said multiplexer for generating a digital bit stream representing said sample trajectory signal; and

(d) a processor coupled to said analog to digital converter for comparing said sample trajectory signal with a reference trajectory signal and producing a verification signal related to a probability that the fingertip generated both the sample trajectory signal and the reference trajectory signal.

14. The device of claim 13 wherein said processor is coupled to a storage device, said storage device storing at least one reference trajectory signal.

15. The device of claim 14 wherein said storage device is a random access memory (RAM).

16. The device of claim 14 wherein said storage device is a read only memory (ROM).

17. A method for detecting and verifying a fingerprint, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a skin resistance sensing array;

moving a fingertip relative to the skin resistance sensing array, said skin resistance sensing array translating skin resistance of a fingertip into a sample trajectory signal, said sample trajectory signal being produced by a curvilinear trajectory formed by ridges and valleys of the fingertip and representing electrical conductance changes in the skin resistance of the fingertip associated with a profile of its ridges and valleys;

correlating said sample trajectory signal with a reference trajectory signal; and

producing a verification signal related to the probability that the fingertip generated both the sample trajectory signal and the reference trajectory signal.

18. The method of claim 17 which further comprises the step of:

quantizing the samples trajectory signal into a digital bit stream.

19. The method of claim 17 which further comprises:

mounting an array of conducting wires in a surface of a data carrier card;

swiping the fingertip across the array of conducting wires;

normalizing the sample trajectory signal;

comparing the normalized sample trajectory signal with the stored reference trajectory signal; and

producing a verification signal.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein said normalizing step is carried out by:

standardizing an optimal number of data points to be sampled during one sample trajectory signal period;

providing an initial sampling rate;

measuring a sample trajectory signal frequency;

correcting said sampling rate by a constant multiplier directly related to said sample trajectory signal frequency; and

continuously adjusting said sampling rate to acquire said corrected sampling rate, whereby the normalization serves to standardize for fluctuations between fingertip swiping velocity rates.