Adaptive codebook

• US 6,052,660 A
• Filed: 06/16/1998
• Issued: 04/18/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 06/16/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: NEC Corporation
• Original Assignee: NEC Corporation
• Inventors: Sano, Hideo
• Primary Examiner(s): Hudspeth, David R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Lerner, Martin
• Application Number:
  US09/097,649
• Time in Patent Office: 672 Days
• Field of Search: 704/219, 704/223, 704/262, 704/264, 704/221, 704/222
• US Class Current: 704/221
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/005 Correction of errors induced by the transmission channel, if related to the coding algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/12 the excitation function being a code excitation, e.g. in code excited linear prediction [CELP] vocoders
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 2019/0004 Design or structure of the codebook

Abstract

In a CELP system, a coder and a decoder have identical codebooks, and the amount of data to be transmitted is compressed by transmission and reception of codebook indexes. Past excitation signals are stored in a memory and used as an adaptive codebook to improve the speech quality. The coder and the decoder each comprise memory means for storing index data for at least one frame, and means for generating an adaptive codebook afresh by initialization to zero for each frame when generating an excitation signal according to stored indexes.

Claims

1. An adaptive codebook generator in a coder of CELP for coding a speech signal or audio signal to index data, and also in a decoder for decoding the index data to the speech signal or audio signal, comprising:

an index memory that provides a fixed codebook index preceding by i frames, an adaptive codebook index and gain indexes;

a first fixed codebook that provides a first signal series according to the fixed codebook index preceding by i frames;

an excitation signal memory that provides a second signal series according to the adaptive codebook index preceding by i frames;

an excitation signal generator that generates an excitation signal of at least one frame by using the outputs of the first fixed codebook and the excitation signal memory and the gain indexes; and

a first adaptive codebook that produces an adaptive codebook signal on the basis of the output of the excitation signal memory;

the coder further comprising;

a second adaptive codebook that produces an excitation vector signal corresponding to pitch vector including a component dependent on a periodicity of the speech signal;

a second fixed codebook that produces an excitation output vector corresponding to a codevector of a non-periodic component of the speech signal;

a first and a second multiplier that respectively multiply the excitation vector signal and excitation output vector by respective first and second gains;

an adder that generates an excitation signal of a current frame by adding together the two product outputs of the first and second multipliers;

a synthesizing filter that generates a reproduced signal based on the excitation signal of the current frame;

a subtracter, responsive to the reproduced signal, that produces an error between the reproduced signal and an input signal; and

an error power evaluator that controls and scans the outputs of the second adaptive and fixed codebooks and the gains of the first and second multipliers for each frame, and that produces an excitation signal corresponding to a minimum error to be the optimal excitation signal,

wherein data stored in the excitation signal memory is updated according to the excitation signal.

2. An adaptive codebook generator in a coder of CELP for coding a speech signal or audio signal to index data, and also in a decoder for decoding the index data to the speech signal or audio signal, comprising:

an index memory that provides a fixed codebook index preceding by i frames, an adaptive codebook index and gain indexes;

a first fixed codebook that provides a first signal series according to the fixed codebook index preceding by i frames;

an excitation signal memory that provides a second signal series according to the adaptive codebook index preceding by i frames;

an excitation signal generator that generates an excitation signal of at least one frame by using the outputs of the first fixed codebook and the excitation signal memory and the gain indexes; and

a first adaptive codebook that produces an adaptive codebook signal on the basis of the output of the excitation signal memory;

the decoder further comprising;

a second adaptive codebook that produces an excitation vector signal corresponding to pitch vector including a component dependent on a periodicity of the speech signal;

a second fixed codebook that produces an excitation output vector corresponding to a codevector of a non-periodic component of the speech signal;

a first and a second multiplier that respectively multiply the excitation vector signal and excitation output vector by respective first and second gains;

an adder that generates an excitation signal of a current frame by adding together the two product outputs of the first and second multipliers;

a synthesizing filter that generates a reproduced signal based on the excitation signal of the current frame; and

a post-filter, cascade connected to the output of the synthesizing filter, that generates a reconstituted speech signal signal,

wherein data stored in the excitation signal memory is updated according to the excitation signal.