Charging control apparatus, method of controlling the charging process, and power output apparatus

• US 6,057,671 A
• Filed: 03/15/1999
• Issued: 05/02/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 04/09/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Limited (Panasonic Holdings Corporation), Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Limited (Panasonic Holdings Corporation), Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Kuno, Hiromichi
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso, Edward H.
• Application Number:
  US09/267,663
• Time in Patent Office: 414 Days
• Field of Search: 320/127, 320/128, 320/130, 320/150, 320/153
• US Class Current: 320/130
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/007 Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/40 DC to AC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2220/14 Synchronous machines
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/421 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/423 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/441 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/443 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/545 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/547 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/549 Current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/80 Time limits
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/16 by display
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0046 relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/15 Preventing overcharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/22 Balancing the charge of battery modules
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/24 for controlling the temperature of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007194 of the battery
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 : Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility

Abstract

To prevent excessively charging a secondary battery, which is subjected to repeated charge and discharge in a specific charged state that is lower than a full charge level, a temperature gradient of the secondary battery due to a charging process is measured, and the charged state of the secondary battery is determined to be close to the full charge level at the time point when the temperature gradient abruptly increases. The charging process is stopped based on the determination. In the case where the secondary battery is repeatedly charged and discharged, the observed temperature gradient is corrected. The correction subtracts a temperature rise due to a discharging process from the observed temperature gradient and thereby determines a temperature gradient relating to only the charging process. The correction utilizes a table that stores a relationship among the temperature rise due to the discharging process, the discharge current of the secondary battery, and the initial temperature of the secondary battery. It is also possible to determine the charged state of the secondary battery based on the temperature gradient only when the observed charge-discharge electric current shows that the secondary battery is being charged.

Claims

1. A charging control apparatus that controls a charging process in a secondary battery, which is subjected to repeated charge and discharge in a specific charged state that is lower than a full charge level, in order to prevent said secondary battery from being charged excessively, said charging control apparatus comprising:

a temperature gradient determination unit that determines a temperature gradient, which represents a temperature rise per unit time, due to the charging process in said secondary battery as a charging-time temperature gradient, including

a measurement unit that measures a temperature gradient of said secondary battery, irrespective of whether the temperature rise is ascribed to the charging process or a discharging process,

a correction amount determination unit that determines a correction amount of the observed temperature gradient of said second battery, based on a temperature gradient due to the discharging process, and

a computation unit that calculates the charging-time temperature gradient from the observed temperature gradient measured by said measurement unit and the correction amount determined by said correction amount determination unit; and

a charging stop unit that stops the charging process in said secondary battery when the charging-time temperature gradient is greater than a specific temperature gradient, which is preset according to a charged state of said secondary battery.

2. A charging control apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said correction amount determination unit comprises:

a memory unit that stores a relationship among discharge current of said secondary battery, temperature of said secondary battery, and the correction amount;

a discharge current measurement unit that measures the discharge current of said secondary battery; and

a temperature measurement unit that measures the temperature of said secondary battery, and

wherein said correction amount determination unit refers to the relationship stored in said memory unit and reads the correction amount corresponding to the observed discharge current and the observed temperature from the relationship.

3. A charging control apparatus that controls a charging process in a secondary battery, which is subjected to repeated charge and discharge in a specific charged state that is lower than a full charge level, in order to prevent said secondary battery from being charged excessively, said charging control apparatus comprising:

a temperature gradient determination unit that determines a temperature gradient, which represents a temperature rise per unit time, due to the charging process in said secondary battery as a charging-time temperature gradient, including

a charge determination unit that determines whether said secondary battery is being charged and

a measurement unit that measures a temperature gradient of said secondary battery when it is determined that said secondary battery is being charged; and

a charging stop unit that stops the charging process in said secondary battery when the charging-time temperature gradient is greater than a specific temperature gradient, which is preset according to a charged state of said secondary battery.

4. A hybrid-type power output apparatus having at least an engine, a motor, and a secondary battery, said power output apparatus comprising:

a charging-time operation control unit that controls driving conditions of said engine and said motor in such a manner that enables said secondary battery to be charged with at least part of an electric power generated by said motor;

a temperature gradient determination unit that determines a temperature gradient, which represents a temperature rise per unit time, due to a charging process in said secondary battery as a charging-time temperature gradient; and

a charging stop control unit that drives said engine and said motor under specific driving conditions without charging said secondary battery when the charging-time temperature gradient is greater than a specific temperature gradient, which is preset according to a charged state of said secondary battery.

5. A power output apparatus in accordance with claim 4, wherein said temperature gradient determination unit comprises:

a measurement unit that measures a temperature gradient of said secondary battery, irrespective of whether the temperature rise is ascribed to the charging process or a discharging process;

a correction amount determination unit that determines a correction amount of the observed temperature gradient of said secondary battery, based on a temperature gradient due to the discharging process; and

a computation unit that calculates the charging-time temperature gradient from the observed temperature gradient measured by said measurement unit and the correction amount determined by said correction amount determination unit.

6. A power output apparatus in accordance with claim 4, wherein said temperature gradient determination unit comprises:

a charge determination unit that determines whether said secondary battery is being charged; and

a measurement unit that measures a temperature gradient of said secondary battery when it is determined that said secondary battery is being charged.

7. A method of controlling a charging process in a secondary battery, which is subjected to repeated charge and discharge in a specific charged state that is lower than a full charge level, in order to prevent said secondary battery from being charged excessively, said method comprising:

determining a temperature gradient, which represents a temperature rise per unit time, due to the charging process in said secondary battery as a charging-time temperature gradient, including

measuring a temperature gradient of said secondary battery, irrespective of whether the temperature rise is ascribed to the charging process or a discharging process,

determining a correction amount of the observed temperature gradient of said secondary battery, based on a temperature gradient due to the discharging process, and

calculating the charging-time temperature gradient from the measured temperature gradient and the determined correction amount; and

stopping the charging process in said secondary battery when the charging-time temperature gradient is greater than a specific temperature gradient, which is preset according to a charged state of said secondary battery.

8. A method of controlling a charging process in a secondary battery, which is subjected to repeated charge and discharge in a specific charged state that is lower than a full charge level, in order to prevent said secondary battery from being charged excessively, the method comprising:

determining a temperature gradient, which represents a temperature rise per unit time, due to the charging process in said secondary battery as a charging-time temperature gradient, including

determining whether said secondary battery is being charged or being discharged and

measuring a temperature gradient of said secondary battery when it is determined that said secondary battery is being charged; and

stopping the charging process in said secondary battery when the charging-time temperature gradient is greater than a specific temperature gradient, which is preset according to a charged state of said secondary battery.

9. A computer program product in which a computer program is recorded, said computer program being used to detect an abnormality of a secondary battery, which is subjected to repeated charge and discharge in a specific charged state that is lower than a full charge level,

said computer program causing a computer to realize the functions of:

determining a temperature gradient, which represents a temperature rise per unit time, due to the charging process in said secondary battery as a charging-time temperature gradient; and

outputting a signal that informs an operator of an abnormality of said secondary battery when the charging-time temperature gradient is greater than a specific temperature gradient, which is preset according to a charged state of said secondary battery.