Security system and method

• US 6,057,761 A
• Filed: 01/21/1998
• Issued: 05/02/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 01/21/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: EMIT Technologies LLC
• Original Assignee: Spatial Dynamics, Ltd.
• Inventors: Yukl, Tex
• Primary Examiner(s): SWANN III, GLEN R
• Application Number:
  US09/010,275
• Time in Patent Office: 832 Days
• Field of Search: 340/540, 340/568.1, 340/573.1, 340/674, 340/691.6, 340/693.6, 345/208, 382/100, 382/325, 250/358.1, 250/393
• US Class Current: 340/568.1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0507 using microwaves or terahertz waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2001/024 passengers or luggage
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/887 for detection of concealed objects, e.g. contraband or weapons
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 3/12 operating with electromagnetic waves operating with millimetre waves G01V8/005

Abstract

A microwave/dielectric-response-based security system, and a related methodology, for detecting contraband. The system (which implements the associated method) includes an interrogation region through which a target that is to be screened passes, an appropriate transmitter/receiver array that operates adjacent this region for illuminating, and monitoring a dielectric response received from, a target in the region, and electronics which effectively produce output data that is interpretable to identify the presence or absence of contraband associated with the illuminated target.

Claims

1. A security system for contraband detection comprising:

a portal defining an interrogation region therewithin into which region a screening target may be introduced;

a transmitter/receiver array mounted in a defined at least partial perimeter around said region for illuminating the target by a first microwave beam and for monitoring the dielectric response to said first microwave beam to produce a dielectric response signal representative of the dielectric response of the target to microwave illumination; and

electronics operatively connected with said transmitter/receiver array for energizing said array in accordance with defined microwave energy amplitude and timing characteristics and for monitoring said dielectric response signal, said electronics including a discriminator for comparing said dielectric response signal with a defined characteristic response signal, said electronics producing an indication of a difference therebetween meeting predefined criteria.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein said transmitter/receiver array includes plural transmitter/receiver structures arrayed in an opposing, staggered spatial relationship with one another that defines at least a part of said portal.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein ones of said plural transmitter/receiver structures are energized by said electronics in pair-wise combination for concurrent illumination by said ones of the target for a first defined period of time and wherein other ones of said plural transmitter/receiver structures are energized by said electronics also in pair-wise combination for concurrent illumination by said other ones of the target for a second defined period of time that is substantially different from said first defined period of time.

4. The system of claim 2, wherein said transmitter/receiver array includes an elliptically polarized microwave energy source.

5. The system of claim 1 which further comprises an annunciator operatively connected with said discriminator for notifying security personnel of such indication.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein said annunicator includes a display monitor for indicating within the target the physical location therein corresponding with the indicated difference.

7. The system of claim 6 in which the target is a human subject, wherein said display monitor includes a depiction of a generic human form and wherein the physical location is indicated by a high-contrast graphic feature superimposed on said depiction.

8. The system of claim 1 which further includes a platform beneath said portal for supporting the target within said interrogation region, wherein said portal and said platform are rotatable relative to one another for illumination of said interrogation region from substantially all sides by said transmitter/receiver array.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein said electronics include a digitizer for the monitoring, a digital memory for buffering and a digital processor for the comparing and wherein the dielectric response of the target to the illumination is derived by said electronics, wherein said digital memory includes stored contraband dielectric constant parameters used by said discriminator for comparison thereof with the derived dielectric constant of the target.

10. The system of claim 9 which further comprises an annunciator for indicating the derived dielectric constant of the target, wherein said processor produces an indication of said derived dielectric constant for notifying by said annunciator.

11. A security system for contraband detection comprising:

a platform on which personnel may stand;

a rotary drive mechanism adjacent said platform;

a portal adjacent said platform and extending upwardly therefrom, said portal and said platform being rotatable by said rotary drive mechanism relative to one another, said portal including generally vertical upward extents each having antennae arrays therein operative to illuminate such personnel standing on said platform with microwave energy and to measure the dielectric response of such personnel to said illumination to produce a response signal representative of such dielectric response during relative rotation of said portal and said platform; and

a processor for time-correlating said response signal with the relative rotation of said portal and said platform to produce spatio-temporal data indicative of the dielectric response of such personnel to such illumination, said processor further for comparing such data to previously stored baseline data and for annunciating any differences therebetween which meet predefined criteria indicating the presence of contraband adjacent such personnel.

12. The system of claim 11 which further comprises a display monitor for illustrating the physical location relative such personnel of the presence of contraband.

13. The system of claim 12 which further comprises a personnel body height measurement subsystem operatively connected with said processor for compensating for such personnel'"'"'s height during such comparing.

14. The system of claim 13 which further comprises a personnel body weight measurement subsystem operatively connected with said processor for compensating for such personnel'"'"'s weight during such comparing.

15. The system of claim 11, wherein said antennae arrays are operative to illuminate such personnel with microwave energy in a frequency range between approximately 5 and 6 gigaHertz.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein said antennae arrays are operative to illuminate such personnel with microwave energy in a frequency range between approximately 5.3 and 5.7 gigaHertz.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein said antennae arrays are operative to illuminate such personnel with microwave energy at a frequency of approximately 5.5 gigaHertz.

18. A dielectrometric method for screening a human subject comprising:

providing an interrogation region within which the subject reposes;

illuminating the subject within the interrogation region with microwave energy from an array of plural transmitter/receiver antennae and monitoring the dielectric response therefrom;

comparing the dielectric response with baseline physiological response data stored in memory to produce data representative of any difference therebetween; and

evaluating such data by use of defined screening criteria.

19. The method of claim 18 which further comprises, after said illuminating-and-monitoring and before said comparing steps, digitizing and storing such result of said monitoring in a memory.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein said illuminating-and-monitoring step is performed by relatively rotating a generally planar perimetric antennae array and a base supporting the subject in repose about an axis generally aligned with the subject.