Switching power supply device

• US 6,061,252 A
• Filed: 12/15/1998
• Issued: 05/09/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 12/22/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Murata Manufacturing Co Limited
• Original Assignee: Murata Manufacturing Co Limited
• Inventors: Hosotani, Tatsuya
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Vu, Bao Q.
• Application Number:
  US09/211,342
• Time in Patent Office: 511 Days
• Field of Search: 363/16, 363/24, 363/25, 363/97, 363/95, 363/131, 363/134, 363/15
• US Class Current: 363/16
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/01 Resonant DC/DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33571 Half-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/3385 with automatic control of output voltage or current H02M3/33561 takes precedence

Abstract

A switching power supply device has a configuration in which a series combination of a first switching circuit and an input power source is connected in series with a series combination of a primary winding of a transformer and an inductor, a series combination of a second switching circuit and a capacitor is connected in parallel to the series combination of the primary winding of the transformer and the inductor, and the secondary winding of the transformer is provided with a rectifying smoothing circuit including a rectifying element. The first switching circuit is made up of a parallel connection circuit including a first switching element, a first diode, and a first capacitor. The second switching circuit is made up of a parallel connection circuit including a second switching element, a second diode, and a second capacitor. A switching controlling circuit is provided adapted to turn the first and second switching elements on and off alternately, with a period of time when both switching elements are off is interposed, and a capacitor is connected in parallel to the rectifying diode in the rectifying smoothing circuit.

Claims

1. A switching power supply device having a series combination of a first switching circuit and an input power source connected in series with a series combination of a first winding of a transformer and an inductor, a series combination of a second switching circuit and a switched capacitor connected in parallel to a series combination of said first winding of the transformer and said inductor and further wherein a second winding of said transformer is provided with a rectifying smoothing circuit including a rectifying element,

wherein said first switching circuit comprises a parallel connection circuit including a first switching element, a first diode, and a first capacitor,

said second switching circuit comprises a parallel connection circuit including a second switching element, a second diode, and a second capacitor,

and further comprising a switching controlling circuit adapted to turn said first and second switching elements on and off alternately with a period of time when both switching elements are off being interposed, and

a capacitor being connected in parallel to said rectifying element in said rectifying smoothing circuit.

2. The switching power supply of claim 1, wherein the switching controlling circuit comprises repsective first and second switching controlling circuits controlling respective ones of said first and second switching circuits.

5. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein said transformer is provided with two bias windings, said switching controlling circuit being adapted to control the first switching element and the second switching element to self-oscillate, respectively, by inputting voltages substantially proportional to first winding voltages produced in said two bias windings, respectively.

7. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein said switching controlling circuit is adapted to control the first switching element and the second switching element respectively, by inputting voltages substantially proportional to a first winding voltage produced in a bias winding of the transformer to turn the first switching element and the second switching element on and off alternately, to self-oscillate in dependence on whether said voltage produced in the bias winding is positive or negative.

9. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein said rectifying element comprises a switching element adapted to be switched by a control signal.

11. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein said first winding of said transformer is split into at least two portions, whereby the transformer first winding has two outputs and a common terminal, each output of said split primary winding and the common terminal being connected to a respective one of the first and second switching circuits.

13. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein a further first winding, different from said first winding with which said power source is connected in series, is provided, and said second switching circuit is connected in parallel to a series combination of said further first winding and the inductor.

15. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein said transformer comprises an inductance element which also acts wholly or partially as the first winding and the second winding of the transformer.

17. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein each of said switching elements comprises a field-effect transistor.

19. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein said inductor comprises a leakage inductance of said transformer.

20. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein said inductor comprises a leakage inductance of said transformer.

21. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein as said rectifying element comprises a diode, and the parasitic capacitance of said diode is used as the capacitor connected in parallel to said rectifying element.

23. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein at least two outputs are provided for the second winding of the transformer, and each of said two outputs is provided with a rectifying smoothing circuit.

25. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein a capacitor is connected across the second winding of the transformer or in parallel to the series combination of said primary winding and said inductor.

27. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein said switching controlling circuit is adapted to turn the first switching element on after a voltage across the first capacitor is decreased to or near to zero voltage.

29. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein said switching controlling circuit is adapted to turn the second switching element on after the voltage across the second capacitor is decreased to or near to zero voltage.

31. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein said switching controlling circuit causes a current flowing in the second switching element to be turned off at zero or near to zero.

33. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein values of said switched capacitor and said inductor, and an on-period of the second switching element to be produced by said switching controlling circuit are so set that a waveform of a current flowing in the rectifying element rises nearly at zero current, reaches a peak point at which a ratio of current change is zero, and then represents the zero current at which the current is turned off.

35. The switching power supply device of claim 1, where a value of the capacitor connected in parallel to the rectifying element is so set that the capacitor is resonant with the second winding of the transformer when the first switching element or the second switching element is off, so that a voltage waveform across said capacitor forms a part of a sinusoidal waveform, and rises at a zero voltage or falls toward the zero voltage.

37. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein said switching controlling circuit is adapted to voltage-control an output from said rectifying smoothing circuit by changing an on-time of the first switching element and changing an on-time of the second switching element in dependence on a quantity of a load connected to an output of said rectifying smoothing circuit so that an excitation quantity of the transformer in a reverse direction becomes zero or predeterminately constant.

39. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein said switching controlling circuit is adapted to voltage-control an output from said rectifying smoothing circuit by changing an on-time of the first switching element and a ratio of the excitation quantity of the transformer in a reverse direction to an excitation quantity in a forward direction in dependence on a quantity of a load connected to an output of said rectifying smoothing circuit.

41. The switching power supply device of claim 1, wherein said switching controlling circuit is adapted to voltage-control an output from said rectifying smoothing circuit and make an on-time of the second switching circuit substantially constant by changing a ratio of an excitation quantity of the transformer in a reverse direction to an excitation quantity in a forward direction in dependence on a quantity of a load connected to an output of said rectifying smoothing circuit.

3. A switching power supply device having a series combination of a first switching circuit and an input power source connected in series with a series combination of a first winding of a transformer and an inductor, and a series combination of a second switching circuit and a switched capacitor connected in series with a series combination of said first winding of said transformer, said inductor, and said input power source, and further wherein a second winding of said transformer is provided with a rectifying smoothing circuit including a rectifying element,

wherein said first switching circuit comprises a parallel connection circuit including a first switching element, a first diode, and a first capacitor,

said second switching circuit comprises a parallel connection circuit including a second switching element, a second diode, and a second capacitor,

and further comprising a switching controlling circuit adapted to turn said first and second switching elements on and off alternately with a period of time when both switching elements are off being interposed, and

a capacitor being connected in parallel to said rectifying element in said rectifying smoothing circuit.

4. The switching power supply of claim 3, wherein the switching controlling circuit comprises repsective first and second switching controlling circuits controlling respective ones of said first and second switching circuits.

6. The switching power supply device of claim 3, wherein said transformer is provided with two bias windings, said switching controlling circuit being adapted to control the first switching element and the second switching element to self-oscillate, respectively, by inputting voltages substantially proportional to first winding voltages produced in said two bias windings, respectively.

8. The switching power supply device of claim 3, wherein said switching controlling circuit is adapted to control the first switching element and the second switching element respectively, by inputting voltages substantially proportional to a first winding voltage produced in a bias winding of the transformer to turn the first switching element and the second switching element on and off alternately, to self-oscillate in dependence on whether said voltage produced in the bias winding is positive or negative.

10. The switching power supply device of claim 3, wherein said rectifying element comprises a switching element adapted to be switched by a control signal.

12. The switching power supply device of claim 3, wherein said first winding of said transformer is split into at least two portions, whereby the transformer first winding has two outputs and a common terminal, each output of said split primary winding and the common terminal being connected to a respective one of the first and second switching circuits.

14. The switching power supply device of claim 3, wherein a further first winding, different from said first winding with which said power source is connected in series, is provided, and said second switching circuit is connected in parallel to a series combination of said further first winding and the inductor.

16. The switching power supply device of claim 3, wherein said transformer comprises an inductance element which also acts wholly or partially as the first winding and the second winding of the transformer.

18. The switching power supply device of claim 3, wherein each of said switching elements comprises a field-effect transistor.

22. The switching power supply device of claim 3, wherein said rectifying element comprises a diode, and the parasitic capacitance of said diode is used as the capacitor connected in parallel to said rectifying element.

24. The switching power supply device of claim 3, wherein at least two outputs are provided for the second winding of the transformer, and each of said two outputs is provided with a rectifying smoothing circuit.

26. The switching power supply device of claim 3, wherein a capacitor is connected across the second winding of the transformer or in parallel to the series combination of said primary winding and said inductor.

28. The switching power supply device of claim 3, wherein said switching controlling circuit is adapted to turn the first switching element on after a voltage across the first capacitor is decreased to or near to zero voltage.

30. The switching power supply device of claim 3, wherein said switching controlling circuit is adapted to turn the second switching element on after the voltage across the second capacitor is decreased to or near to zero voltage.

32. The switching power supply device of claim 3, wherein said switching controlling circuit causes a current flowing in the second switching element to be turned off at zero or near to zero.

34. The switching power supply device of claim 3, wherein values of said switched capacitor and said inductor, and an on-period of the second switching element to be produced by said switching controlling circuit are so set that a waveform of a current flowing in the rectifying element rises nearly at zero current, reaches a peak point at which a ratio of current change is zero, and then represents the zero current at which the current is turned off.

36. The switching power supply device of claim 3, where a value of the capacitor connected in parallel to the rectifying element is so set that the capacitor is resonant with the second winding of the transformer when the first switching element or the second switching element is off, so that a vantage waveform across said capacitor forms a part of a sinusoidal waveform, and rises at a zero voltage or falls toward the zero voltage.

38. The switching power supply device of claim 3, wherein said switching controlling circuit is adapted to voltage-control an output from said rectifying smoothing circuit by changing an on-time of the first switching element and changing an on-time of the second switching element in dependence on a quantity of a load connected to an output of said rectifying smoothing circuit so that an excitation quantity of the transformer in a reverse direction becomes zero or predeterminately constant.

40. The switching power supply device of claim 3, wherein said switching controlling circuit is adapted to voltage-control an output from said rectifying smoothing circuit by changing an on-time of the first switching element and a ratio of the excitation quantity of the transformer in a reverse direction to an excitation quantity in a forward direction in dependence on a quantity of a load connected to an output of said rectifying smoothing circuit.

42. The switching power supply device of claim 3, wherein said switching controlling circuit is adapted to voltage-control an output from said rectifying smoothing circuit and make an on-time of the second switching circuit substantially constant by changing a ratio of an excitation quantity of the transformer in a reverse direction to an excitation quantity in a forward direction in dependence on a quantity of a load connected to an output of said rectifying smoothing circuit.