RF signaling system and system for controlling the whereabouts of animals using same
First Claim
1. A radio frequency (RF) signaling apparatus, comprising:
- (a) a resonant circuit resonant substantially at an RF carrier frequency, said resonant circuit including an antenna; and
(b) a drive circuit coupled to said resonant circuit, said drive circuit delivering to said resonant circuit, at substantially said RF carrier frequency, brief pulses of electrical energy separated by intervals of time in order to cause said resonant circuit to resonate, thereby exciting said antenna to transmit an RF signal at substantially said RF carrier frequency.
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Accused Products
Abstract
An RF signaling system and system for controlling the whereabouts of animals utilizing same functions, in a preferred embodiment, by efficiently establishing well-defined electronic boundaries using small, battery powered transmitters transmitting constant envelope RF signals in a near-field regime by repetitively delivering trains of brief, low duty cycle pulses of electrical energy to a resonant circuit which includes an antenna at a low RF carrier frequency corresponding to the resonant frequency of the circuit. During intervals between pulses, the resonant circuit is effectively isolated from the circuit delivering the pulses to minimize loading effects. Further energy efficiency is achieved by interposing inactive interals between at least some successive transmissions of the RF signals represented by the pulse trains. The RF signals emitted by the transmitters are digitally encoded as are those emitted from a wire loop coupled to an optional wire loop unit to define a wire loop boundary. A unit affixed to the animal selectively administers appropriate aversive stimuli effective to deter encroachment of the boundaries in accordance with predetermined conditions based on the coding and timing of RF signals received from the transmitters and/or the wire loop. In the event of a break in the wire loop, the wire loop unit automatically switches excitation of the wire loop to an AM signal thereby facilitating location of the site of the break for repair purposes using a conventional AM radio receiver.
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
90 Citations
57 Claims
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1. A radio frequency (RF) signaling apparatus, comprising:
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(a) a resonant circuit resonant substantially at an RF carrier frequency, said resonant circuit including an antenna; and (b) a drive circuit coupled to said resonant circuit, said drive circuit delivering to said resonant circuit, at substantially said RF carrier frequency, brief pulses of electrical energy separated by intervals of time in order to cause said resonant circuit to resonate, thereby exciting said antenna to transmit an RF signal at substantially said RF carrier frequency. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
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9. A radio frequency (RF) signaling apparatus, comprising:
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(a) a resonant circuit resonant substantially at an RF carrier frequency, said resonant circuit including an antenna; (b) a drive circuit coupleable to said resonant circuit, said drive circuit delivering to said resonant circuit, at substantially said RF carrier frequency, pulses of electrical energy separated by intervals of time in order to cause said resonant circuit to resonate, thereby exciting said antenna to transmit an RF signal at substantially said RF carrier frequency; and (c) an isolation circuit operably interposed between said resonant circuit and said drive circuit, said isolation circuit operating to effectively electrically isolate said resonant circuit from said drive circuit during at least a portion of said intervals. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
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15. A radio frequency (RF) signaling method, comprising the steps of:
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(a) providing an antenna resonant substantially at an RF carrier frequency; and (b) repetitively delivering to said antenna, at substantially said RF carrier frequency, pulses of electrical energy separated by intervals of time to cause said antenna to resonantly transmit an RF signal at substantially said RF carrier frequency. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24)
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25. A radio frequency (RF) signaling method, comprising the steps of:
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(a) providing an antenna resonant substantially at an RF carrier frequency; (b) providing a drive circuit selectively electrically coupleable to said antenna; (c) repetitively delivering to said antenna, at substantially said RF carrier frequency pulses, of electrical energy separated by intervals of time to cause said antenna to resonantly transmit an RF signal at substantially said RF carrier frequency; and (d) effectively electrically isolating said drive circuit from said antenna during at least a portion of said intervals. - View Dependent Claims (26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32)
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33. An apparatus for controlling the whereabouts of an animal, said apparatus comprising:
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(a) at least one transmitter operable to transmit a radio frequency (RF) signal defining a boundary in the vicinity of said transmitter, said transmitter including; (i) a resonant circuit resonant substantially at an RF carrier frequency, said resonant circuit including an antenna; and (ii) a drive circuit coupled to said resonant circuit, said drive circuit delivering to said resonant circuit, at substantially said RF frequency, a series of pulses of electrical energy effective to cause said resonant circuit to resonate thereby exciting said antenna to transmit said RF signal; (b) a receiver for receiving said RF signal; and (c) a stimulator responsive to said receiver for determining based on said RF signal whether at least one predetermined condition indicating encroachment of said boundary by the animal has been satisfied and, subject to satisfaction of said condition, administering to the animal at least one stimulus for deterring said encroachment in order to control the whereabouts of the animal. - View Dependent Claims (34, 35, 36, 37, 38)
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39. An apparatus for controlling the whereabouts of an animal, said apparatus comprising:
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(a) at least one transmitter operable to transmit a first radio frequency signal which defines a first boundary in the vicinity of each said transmitter; (b) a wire loop operable to transmit a second radio frequency signal which defines a second boundary in the vicinity of said wire loop; (c) a receiver for receiving said first and second radio frequency signals; and (d) a stimulator operably coupled to said receiver for determining, based upon at least one of said first and second signals, whether at least one predetermined condition indicating encroachment of at least one of said first and second boundaries by the animal has been satisfied and, subject to satisfaction of said condition, administering to the animal at least one stimulus for deterring said encroachment in order to control the whereabouts of the animal. - View Dependent Claims (40, 41, 42, 43)
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44. An apparatus for controlling the whereabouts of an animal, said apparatus comprising:
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(a) at least one transmitter operable to transmit a radio frequency signal defining a boundary in the vicinity of said transmitter, said radio frequency signal having a magnetic field the magnitude of which decreases substantially in proportion to the cube of increasing distance from said transmitter; (b) a receiver for receiving said signal; and (c) a stimulator responsive to said receiver for determining based on said signal whether at least one predetermined condition indicating encroachment of said boundary by the animal has been satisfied and, subject to satisfaction of said condition, administering to the animal at least one stimulus for deterring said encroachment in order to control the whereabouts of the animal. - View Dependent Claims (45)
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46. A method for controlling the whereabouts of an animal, said method comprising the steps of:
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(a) providing a wire loop along a path defining a boundary for the animal; (b) coupling the loop to a source of radio frequency electrical energy effective to cause the loop to transmit a radio frequency signal other than an amplitude modulated (AM) signal; (c) detecting a condition of said radio frequency signal indicating encroachment of said boundary by said animal and, in response to said detecting of said condition, administering to the animal at least one stimulus for deterring the animal from said encroachment; (d) monitoring for the occurrence of a break in said loop; and (e) in response to detecting a said break in said loop, selectively coupling the loop to a source of amplitude modulated (AM) radio frequency electrical energy whereby locating the site of said break using a conventional AM receiver is facilitated.
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47. In a system for controlling the whereabouts of an animal of the type in which an electronic boundary for the animal is established by transmitting a radio frequency signal and at least one aversive stimulus is delivered to the animal in response to detecting a condition of the radio frequency signal indicating that the boundary has been encroached upon by the animal, the improvement comprising:
interposing inactive intervals between at least some successive transmissions of said radio frequency signal. - View Dependent Claims (48)
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49. An apparatus for controlling the whereabouts of an animal, said apparatus comprising:
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(a) a transmitter for intermittently transmitting radio frequency signals defining a boundary for the animal; (b) a receiver for receiving said signals; and (c) a stimulator operably coupled to said receiver for administering at least one stimulus to the animal to deter the animal from encroachment of said boundary in response to determining, based on said radio frequency signals, whether at least one predetermined condition indicating encroachment of said boundary has been satisfied, at least one said predetermined condition being reception of at least one of said radio frequency signals during a predetermined limited window of time occurring subsequent to reception of a previously transmitted one of said radio frequency signals.
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50. A method for controlling the whereabouts of an animal, said method comprising the steps of:
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establishing a boundary for the animal by intermittently transmitting radio frequency signals in the vicinity of the boundary; receiving said signals; and selectively administering to the animal at least one stimulus to deter the animal from encroachment of said boundary in response to determining, based on said signals, whether at least one predetermined condition indicating encroachment of said boundary has been satisfied, at least one said predetermined condition being reception of at least one of said signals during a limited window of time occurring subsequent to reception of a previously transmitted one of said signals.
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51. An apparatus for controlling the whereabouts of an animal, said apparatus comprising:
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(a) a transmitter for intermittently transmitting radio frequency signals bearing a predetermined code, said signals defining a boundary for the animal; (b) a receiver for receiving said signals; and (c) a stimulator operably coupled to said receiver for administering at least one stimulus to the animal to deter the animal from encroachment of said boundary in response to determining, based on said signals, whether at least one predetermined condition indicating encroachment of said boundary has been satisfied, at least one said predetermined condition being reception of at least one of said signals during a predetermined limited window of time occurring subsequent to reception of a previously transmitted one of said radio frequency signals, an additional said predetermined condition being reception of at least one of said signals bearing said predetermined code.
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52. A method for controlling the whereabouts of an animal, said method comprising the steps of:
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establishing a boundary for the animal, said establishing step including the step of intermittently transmitting radio frequency signals in the vicinity of the boundary, at least some of said signals bearing a predetermined code; receiving said signals; and selectively administering to the animal at least one stimulus to deter the animal from encroachment of said boundary in response to determining, based on said signals, whether at least one predetermined condition indicating encroachment of said boundary has been satisfied, at least one said predetermined condition being reception of at least one of said signals during a limited window of time occurring subsequent to reception of a previously transmitted one of said signals, an additional said predetermined condition being reception of at least one of said signals bearing said predetermined code.
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53. An apparatus for controlling the whereabouts of animals, said apparatus comprising:
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a first device operable to transmit a first radio frequency signal defining a first boundary for the animal, said first radio frequency signal bearing predetermined first information; a second device operable to transmit a second radio frequency signal defining a second boundary for the animal, said second radio frequency signal bearing predetermined second information; and a unit affixable to the animal operable to receive at least one of said first and second radio frequency signals, and to determine, based on at least one of said first information and said second information, whether at least one predetermined condition precedent to applying a stimulus to the animal to deter the animal from encroaching at least one of said first boundary and said second boundary is satisfied. - View Dependent Claims (54, 55, 56, 57)
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Specification