Method and apparatus for masking modulo exponentiation calculations in an integrated circuit
First Claim
Patent Images
1. An integrated circuit containing circuitry for performing modulo exponentiation, said integrated circuit comprising:
- a modulo exponentiation calculation circuit;
a mode data, said mode data indicating whether said modulo exponentiation calculation circuit should operate in at least a one of a standard mode and a normalized mode;
when said mode signal indicates that said modulo exponentiation calculation circuit should operate in said standard mode, said modulo exponentiation calculation circuit performs the steps of;
a first step of determining whether a first bit of an exponent is a one or a zero, if said first bit is a zero then said first step is repeated with the next bit until a first one is found;
a second step of performing a modulo square calculation with said first one;
a third step of performing a modulo multiply calculation;
a fourth step of determining whether the next bit of the exponent is a one or a zero, if the next bit is a one then a modulo square calculation is performed and then a modulo multiply calculation is performed, if the next bit is a zero than a modulo square calculation is performed;
a fifth step of repeating the fourth step with each remaining bit in the exponent;
when said mode signal indicates that said modulo exponentiation calculation circuit should operate in said normalized mode, said modulo exponent calculation circuit performs the steps of;
(a) calculating a modulo square calculation on a first bit of said exponent;
(b) calculating a modulo multiply calculation on said first bit of said exponent;
(c) repeating steps (a) and (b) for each remaining bit in said exponent.
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Abstract
Circuitry which performs modular mathematics to solve the equation C=Mk mod n and n is performed in a manner to mask the exponent k'"'"'s signature from timing or power monitoring attacks. The modular exponentation function is performed in a normalized manner such that binary ones and zeros in the exponent are calculated by being modulo-squared and modulo-multiplied.
104 Citations
15 Claims
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1. An integrated circuit containing circuitry for performing modulo exponentiation, said integrated circuit comprising:
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a modulo exponentiation calculation circuit; a mode data, said mode data indicating whether said modulo exponentiation calculation circuit should operate in at least a one of a standard mode and a normalized mode; when said mode signal indicates that said modulo exponentiation calculation circuit should operate in said standard mode, said modulo exponentiation calculation circuit performs the steps of; a first step of determining whether a first bit of an exponent is a one or a zero, if said first bit is a zero then said first step is repeated with the next bit until a first one is found; a second step of performing a modulo square calculation with said first one; a third step of performing a modulo multiply calculation; a fourth step of determining whether the next bit of the exponent is a one or a zero, if the next bit is a one then a modulo square calculation is performed and then a modulo multiply calculation is performed, if the next bit is a zero than a modulo square calculation is performed; a fifth step of repeating the fourth step with each remaining bit in the exponent; when said mode signal indicates that said modulo exponentiation calculation circuit should operate in said normalized mode, said modulo exponent calculation circuit performs the steps of; (a) calculating a modulo square calculation on a first bit of said exponent; (b) calculating a modulo multiply calculation on said first bit of said exponent; (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) for each remaining bit in said exponent. - View Dependent Claims (2)
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3. An integrated circuit for performing modulo exponentiation, said integrated circuit comprising:
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a storage location for storing a mode signal, said mode signal indicating whether said integrated circuit should operate in at least one of a standard mode and normalized mode; a modulo exponentiation calculation circuit responsive to said mode signal, if said mode signal indicates that said integrated circuit should operate in said standard mode then said modulo exponentiation calculation circuit performs the steps of; (a1) performing a modulo-square operation and then a modulo-multiply operation on an exponent bit that is a one; and (b1) performing a modulo-square operation on an exponent bit that is a zero; if said mode signal indicates that said integrated circuit should operate in said normalized mode then said modulo exponentiation calculation circuit performs the steps of; (a2) performing a modulo-square operation and then a modulo-multiply operation on each exponent bit. - View Dependent Claims (4, 5)
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6. An article of manufacture for performing a modular exponentiation calculation in a normalized fashion on a binary exponent, the article of manufacture comprising:
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at least one electronically readable medium; processor instructions contained on the at least one electronically readable medium, the processor instructions configured to be readable from the at least one electronically readable medium by at least one processor and thereby cause the at least one processor to operate as to; perform a modulo-square calculation on a bit of an exponent; and perform a modulo-multiply calculation on said bit of said exponent. - View Dependent Claims (7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. An integrated circuit comprising:
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a first location for storing a binary number; an electronic circuit connected to said first location for performing both a modulo square calculation and a modulo multiply calculation on each bit of said binary number, whereby a result of the modulo multiply calculation is not saved as an intermediate result if a bit in said binary number is a zero. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15)
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Specification