Self-synchronized drive circuit for a synchronous rectifier in a clamped-mode power converter

• US 6,069,799 A
• Filed: 05/04/1998
• Issued: 05/30/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 05/14/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: ABB Power Electronics Inc. (ABB Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Lucent Technologies, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Rozman, Allen F., Bowman, Wayne C., Niemela, Van A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso, Edward H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Patel, Rajnikant B.
• Application Number:
  US09/072,370
• Time in Patent Office: 757 Days
• Field of Search: 363/20, 363/21, 363/15, 363/16, 363/17, 363/18, 363/127, 363/131
• US Class Current: 363/20
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33592 having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A power converter having an input and output and a method of operating the power converter. In one embodiment, the power converter includes a power transformer having primary and secondary windings and a power switch coupled to the input and configured to impress an input voltage across the primary winding. The power converter further includes a hybridge synchronous rectifier coupled to the secondary winding and including first and second synchronous rectifier switches. The power converter still further includes a separate drive winding wound on the power transformer and coupled between the first and second synchronous rectifier switches. The separate drive winding is configured to alternately energize the first and second synchronous rectifier switches.

Claims

1. A power converter having an input and output, comprising:

a power transformer having primary and secondary windings;

a power switch coupled to said input and configured to impress an input voltage across said primary winding;

a hybridge synchronous rectifier including first and second synchronous rectifier switches series-coupled across said secondary winding and first and second inductors respectively coupled to said first and second synchronous rectifier switches, an output of said hybridge synchronous rectifier available at a node between said first and second inductors; and

a separate drive winding wound on said power transformer and coupled between said first and second synchronous rectifier switches, said separate drive winding configured to alternately energize said first and second synchronous rectifier switches.

2. The power converter as recited in claim 1 further comprising a low pass filter coupled between said secondary winding and said output.

3. The power converter as recited in claim 1 further comprising first and second voltage limit switches that limit a voltage level of a signal applied to said first and second synchronous rectifier switches, respectively.

4. The power converter as recited in claim 3 wherein said first and second voltage limit switches are metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs).

5. The power converter as recited in claim 3 further comprising a voltage source that supplies a bias voltage to said first and second voltage limit switches.

6. The power converter as recited in claim 1 further comprising a clamp circuit coupled to said power transformer.

7. The power converter as recited in claim 1 wherein at least one of said first and second synchronous rectifier switches is a diode.

8. The power converter as recited in claim 1 further comprising first and second diodes that limit a positive voltage of a signal applied to said first and second synchronous rectifier switches, respectively.

9. The power converter as recited in claim 1 further comprising first and second voltage limit switches and a voltage source that limit a negative voltage of a signal applied to said first and second synchronous rectifier switches, respectively.

10. The power converter as recited in claim 9 wherein said first and second voltage limit switches are metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs).

11. The power converter as recited in claim 1 further comprising a regulation control circuit and a drive circuit coupled between said output and said power switch.

12. The power converter as recited in claim 1 wherein said first and second synchronous rectifier switches are selected from the group consisting of:

a metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET),

a bipolar junction transistor (BJT), and

a gallium arsenide field-effect transistor (GaAsFET).

13. A method of operating a power converter having an input and output, comprising:

providing a power transformer having primary and secondary windings;

impressing an input voltage across said primary winding with a power switch coupled to said input;

coupling a hybridge synchronous rectifier to said secondary winding, said hybridge synchronous rectifier including first and second synchronous rectifier switches series-coupled across said secondary winding and first and second inductors respectively coupled to said first and second synchronous rectifier switches, an output of said hybridge synchronous rectifier available at a node between said first and second inductors; and

alternately energizing said first and second synchronous rectifier switches with a separate drive winding wound on said power transformer and coupled between said first and second synchronous rectifier switches.

14. The method as recited in claim 13 further comprising filtering a voltage at said output.

15. The method as recited in claim 13 further comprising limiting a voltage level of a signal applied to said first and second synchronous rectifier switches.

16. The method as recited in claim 15 wherein the act of limiting is performed by first and second voltage limit switches coupled to said first and second synchronous rectifier switches, respectively.

17. The method as recited in claim 16 further comprising supplying a bias voltage to said first and second voltage limit switches.

18. The method as recited in claim 13 further comprising clamping a voltage across said power transformer during a nonconduction interval of said power switch.

19. The method as recited in claim 13 wherein at least one of said first and second synchronous rectifier switches is a diode.

20. The method as recited in claim 13 further comprising controlling an operation of said power switch.

21. A power converter having an input and output, comprising:

a first and second power transformer each having primary and secondary windings;

a power switch, coupled to said input, that impresses an input voltage across said primary windings;

a synchronous rectifier coupled to said secondary windings and including first and second synchronous rectifier switches; and

first and second drive windings, separate from said secondary windings, wound on said first and second power transformers, respectively, and coupled to said first and second synchronous rectifier switches, respectively, said first and second drive windings configured to alternately energize said first and second synchronous rectifier switches, respectively.

22. The power converter as recited in claim 21 further comprising a filter coupled between said secondary windings and said output.

23. The power converter as recited in claim 21 further comprising first and second voltage limit switches that limit a voltage level of a signal applied to said first and second synchronous rectifier switches, respectively.

24. The power converter as recited in claim 23 wherein said first and second voltage limit switches are metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs).

25. The power converter as recited in claim 23 further comprising a voltage source that supplies a bias voltage to said first and second voltage limit switches.

26. The power converter as recited in claim 21 further comprising a clamp circuit coupled to said first and second power transformers.

27. The power converter as recited in claim 21 wherein at least one of said first and second synchronous rectifier switches is a diode.

28. The power converter as recited in claim 21 further comprising first and second diodes that limit a positive voltage of a signal applied to said first and second synchronous rectifier switches, respectively.

29. The power converter as recited in claim 21 further comprising first and second voltage limit switches and a voltage source that limit a negative voltage of a signal applied to said first and second synchronous rectifier switches, respectively.

30. The power converter as recited in claim 29 wherein said first and second voltage limit switches are metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs).

31. The power converter as recited in claim 21 further comprising a regulation control circuit and a drive circuit coupled between said output and said power switch.

32. The power converter as recited in claim 21 wherein said first and second synchronous rectifier switches are selected from the group consisting of:

a metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET),

a bipolar junction transistor (BJT), and

a gallium arsenide field-effect transistor (GaAsFET).

33. A method of operating a power converter having an input and output, comprising:

providing a first and second power transformer each having primary and secondary windings;

impressing an input voltage across said primary windings with a power switch coupled to said input;

coupling a synchronous rectifier to said secondary windings and including first and second synchronous rectifier switches; and

alternately energizing said first and second synchronous rectifier switches with first and second drive windings separate from said secondary windings and wound on said first and second power transformers, respectively.

34. The method as recited in claim 33 further comprising filtering a voltage at said output.

35. The method as recited in claim 33 further comprising limiting a voltage level of a signal applied to said first and second synchronous rectifier switches.

36. The method as recited in claim 35 wherein the act of limiting is performed by first and second voltage limit switches coupled to said first and second synchronous rectifier switches, respectively.

37. The method as recited in claim 36 further comprising supplying a bias voltage to said first and second voltage limit switches.

38. The method as recited in claim 33 further comprising clamp a voltage across said power transformer during a nonconduction interval of said power switch.

39. The method as recited in claim 33 wherein at least one of said first and second synchronous rectifier switches is a diode.

40. The method as recited in claim 33 further comprising controlling an operation of said power switch.