Offset resonance zero volt switching flyback converter

• US 6,069,803 A
• Filed: 02/12/1999
• Issued: 05/30/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 02/12/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Astec International Limited (Emerson Electric Company)
• Original Assignee: Astec International Limited (Emerson Electric Company)
• Inventors: Cross, David A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Riley, Shawn
• Application Number:
  US09/249,826
• Time in Patent Office: 473 Days
• Field of Search: 363/19, 363/21, 363/55, 363/56, 363/131, 363/97
• US Class Current: 363/21.14
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0058 by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero using an auxiliary actively switched resonant commutation circuit connected to an intermediate DC voltage or between two push-pull branches of an inverter bridge H02M7/4811; in resonant inverters H02M7/4815; in inverters operating from a resonant DC source H02M7/4826
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/342 Active non-dissipative snubbers
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/01 Resonant DC/DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33569 having several active switching elements H02M3/3353 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33571 Half-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A continuous mode flyback converter circuit which includes elements capable of generating a zero volt switching (ZVS) signal across the power switch. The ZVS generating elements include a switched shunt inductance coupled in parallel with active clamp components and connected across the primary winding of the power transformer. The circuit reduces the reverse recovery current through the secondary stage rectifier and the current through the active clamp switch during operation of the converter. The ZVS generating elements may also be used for flyback converters which do not utilize an active clamp.

Claims

1. A flyback power converter, comprising:

a power switch and primary winding of a power transformer connected in a series combination, the series combination connected in parallel across first and second input supply nodes;

a secondary winding of the power transformer connected in parallel across a first and a second secondary side node;

a rectifier connected in series between the first secondary side node and a first output node;

an output capacitor connected in parallel across the first output node and a second output node;

an active clamp switch connected in a series combination with an active clamp capacitor at a first common node, the series combination connected in parallel across the primary winding of the power transformer; and

a series combination of a switch and a magnetic energy storage element, the series combination connected in parallel across the primary winding of the power transformer;

wherein the value of said active clamp capacitor is selected so that a zero voltage switching condition is generated across the power switch only in conjunction with operation of said series combination of the switch and the magnetic energy storage element.

2. A flyback converter comprising:

a power switch and primary winding of a power transformer connected in a series combination, the series combination connected in parallel across first and second input supply nodes;

a secondary winding of the power transformer connected in parallel across a first and a second secondary side node;

a rectifier connected in series between the first secondary side node and a first output node;

an output capacitor connected in parallel across the first output node and a second output node;

an active clamp switch connected in a series combination with an active clamp capacitor at a first common node, the series combination connected in parallel across the primary winding of the power transformer; and

a series combination of a switch and a magnetic energy storage element, the series combination connected in parallel across the primary winding of the power transformer, the series combination of the switch and the magnetic energy storage element including a second rectifier arranged in series with the switch and magnetic energy storage element and oriented to permit current flow from the primary winding to the magnetic energy storage element in normal operation;

wherein the value of said active clamp capacitor is selected so that a zero voltage switching condition is generated across the power switch only in conjunction with operation of said series combination of the switch and the magnetic energy storage element.

3. The flyback convert of claim 2, wherein the switch and magnetic energy storage element are connected in series at a second common node, and the converter further comprises:

a third rectifier connected between the first common node and second common node and oriented to permit current flow from the second common node to the first common node in normal operation.

4. The flyback converter of claim 2, wherein the second rectifier is oriented to permit current flow from the magnetic energy storage element to the primary winding in normal operation.

5. The flyback converter of claim 4, wherein the switch and magnetic energy storage element are connected in series at a second common node, and the converter further comprises:

a third rectifier connected between the first common node and second common node and oriented to permit current flow from the first common node to the second common node in normal operation.

6. The flyback converter of claim 4, further comprising:

a second magnetic energy storage element coupled to the first magnetic energy storage element, wherein the second magnetic energy storage element is connected across the first and second input supply nodes; and

an input capacitor connected in parallel across the first and second input supply nodes.

7. A flyback converter, comprising:

a power switch and primary winding of a power transformer connected in a series combination, the series combination connected in parallel across first and second input supply nodes, wherein the power switch is operable to permit current to flow between a first power switch node and a second power switch node;

a capacitive element connected in parallel across the first and second power switch nodes;

a secondary winding of the power transformer connected in parallel across a first and a second secondary side node;

a rectifier connected in series between the first secondary side node and a first output node;

an output capacitor connected in parallel across the first output node and a second output node;

an active clamp switch connected in a series combination with an active clamp capacitor at a first common node, the series combination connected in parallel across the primary winding of the power transformer; and

a series combination of a switch and a magnetic energy storage element, the series combination connected in parallel across the primary winding of the power transformer;

wherein the value of said active clamp capacitor is selected so that a zero voltage switching condition is generated across the power switch only in conjunction with operation of said series combination of the switch and the magnetic energy storage element.

8. The flyback converter of claim 7, wherein the magnetic energy storage element is an inductor.

9. The flyback converter of claim 7, wherein the power switch is a FET device.

10. The flyback converter of claim 7, wherein the power switch is an insulated gate bipolar transistor device.

11. The flyback converter of claim 7, wherein the active clamp switch is a FET device.

12. The flyback converter of claim 7, wherein the active clamp switch is an insulated gate bipolar transistor device.

13. The flyback converter of claim 7, wherein the switch is a FET device.

14. The flyback converter of claim 7, wherein the active clamp switch is referenced to a ground level.

15. The flyback converter of claim 7, further comprising:

a controller operable to cause the power switch to be turned on when the voltage across the power switch is substantially equal to zero volts.

16. The flyback converter of claim 7, wherein the rectifier is a synchronous rectifier.

17. A flyback power converter, comprising:

a power switch and primary winding of a power transformer connected in a series combination, the series combination connected in parallel across first and second input supply nodes;

a secondary winding of the power transformer connected in parallel across a first and a second secondary side node;

a rectifier connected in series between the first secondary side node and a first output node;

an output capacitor connected in parallel across the first output node and a second output node;

a switch connected in a series combination with a first magnetic energy storage element, the series combination connected in parallel across the primary winding of the power transformer;

a second magnetic energy storage element coupled to the first magnetic energy storage element, wherein the second magnetic energy storage element is connected across the first and second input supply nodes; and

an input capacitor connected in parallel across the first and second input supply nodes.

18. The flyback converter of claim 17, wherein the series combination of the switch and the first magnetic energy storage element further comprises:

a second rectifier arranged in series with the switch and magnetic energy storage element and oriented to permit current flow from the primary winding into the magnetic energy storage element in normal operation.

19. The flyback converter of claim 18, further comprising:

a third rectifier arranged in a series combination between the second magnetic energy storage element and the first input supply node and oriented to permit current flow from the second magnetic energy storage element to the first input supply node in normal operation.

20. The flyback converter of claim 17, wherein the power switch is operable to permit current to flow between a first power switch node and a second power switch node, and the flyback converter further comprises:

a capacitive element connected in parallel across the first and second power switch nodes.

21. The flyback converter of claim 17, wherein the first magnetic energy storage element is a primary winding of a transformer and the second magnetic energy storage element is a secondary winding of the transformer.

22. The flyback converter of claim 17, further comprising:

a controller operable to cause the power switch to be turned on when the voltage across the power switch is substantially equal to zero volts.

23. The flyback converter of claim 17, wherein the power switch is a FET device.

24. The flyback converter of claim 17, wherein the power switch is an insulated gate bipolar transistor device.

25. The flyback converter of claim 17, wherein the switch is a FET device.

26. The flyback converter of claim 17, wherein the rectifier is a synchronous rectifier.

27. The flyback converter of claim 18, wherein instead of being connected across the first and second input supply nodes, the second magnetic energy storage element is connected in a series combination with a third rectifier with the series combination connected in parallel across the output capacitor, and further, wherein the third rectifier is printed to permit current flow from the second magnetic energy storage element to the output capacitor in normal operation.

28. The flyback converter of claim 27, wherein the power switch is operable to permit current to flow between a first power switch node and a second power switch node, and the flyback converter further comprises:

a capacitive element connected in parallel across the first and second power switch nodes.

29. The flyback converter of claim 27, wherein the first magnetic energy storage element is a primary winding of a transformer and the second magnetic energy storage element is a secondary winding of the transformer.

30. The flyback converter of claim 27, further comprising:

a controller operable to cause the power switch to be turned on when the voltage across the power switch is substantially equal to zero volts.

31. The flyback converter of claim 27, wherein the rectifier is a synchronous rectifier.

32. The flyback converter of claim 27, wherein the third rectifier is a synchronous rectifier.

33. A flyback power converter, comprising:

a power switch and primary winding of a power transformer connected in a series combination, the series combination connected in parallel across first and second input supply nodes;

a secondary winding of the power transformer connected in parallel across a first and a second secondary side node;

a rectifier connected in series between the first secondary side node and a first output node;

an output capacitor connected in parallel across the first output node and a second output node;

a switch connected in a series combination with a magnetic energy storage element and a second rectifier, the series combination connected in parallel across the primary winding of the power transformer, the switch and magnetic energy storage element being connected at a common node, and the second rectifier oriented to permit current flow from the primary winding to the switch in normal operation;

a third rectifier and an input capacitor connected in a series combination at a second common node, the series combination connected in parallel across the first and second input supply nodes; and

a fourth rectifier connected between the first and second common nodes and oriented to permit current flow from the second common node to the first common node in normal operation.

34. The flyback converter of claim 33, wherein the power switch is operable to permit current to flow between a first power switch node and a second power switch node, and the flyback converter further comprises:

a capacitive element connected in parallel across the first and second power switch nodes.

35. The flyback converter of claim 33, further comprising:

a controller operable to cause the power switch to be turned on when the voltage across the power switch is substantially equal to zero volts.

36. The flyback converter of claim 33, wherein the power switch is a FET device.

37. The flyback converter of claim 33, wherein the switch is a FET device.

38. The flyback converter of claim 33, wherein the rectifier is a synchronous rectifier.