On-line free space defragmentation of a contiguous-file file system

• US 6,070,172 A
• Filed: 03/06/1997
• Issued: 05/30/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 03/06/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Alcatel-Lucent SA (Nokia Corporation), Oracle International Corporation (Oracle Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Oracle Corporation
• Inventors: Lowe, David A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Alam, Hosain T.
• Application Number:
  US08/813,811
• Time in Patent Office: 1,181 Days
• Field of Search: 707/200, 707/205, 707/204, 711/171, 711/172, 711/112, 711/113, 711/165, 711/170, 711/173
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/1724 Details of de-fragmentation performed by the file system saving storage space on storage systems G06F3/0608; management of blocks in storage devices G06F3/064
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0608 Saving storage space on storage systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0643 Management of files
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0644 Management of space entities, e.g. partitions, extents, pools
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0676 Magnetic disk device
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99956 File allocation

Abstract

A file system configuration is scored by summing the squares of the sizes of each contiguous section of free space. A set of defragmentation plans, each describing a sequence of file movements, is generated and scored. The defragmentation plan with the highest score is chosen and executed. In moving a file, a temporary file of the same size is created and the file is copied to the temporary file. After the copying, the temporary file is designated as the file, and the file system space originally occupied by the file is unallocated.

Claims

1. A method for increasing contiguous free space of a file system, said file system including a set of files and a set of unallocated sections, said method comprising the computer-implemented steps of:

generating a plurality of plans, wherein each of the plans specifies a sequence of a plurality of proposed moves, wherein each of the proposed moves describes a movement of one or more blocks of a file to a target unallocated section;

calculating scores respectively for the plans;

selecting a defragmentation plan from among the plans, based on the scores; and

executing the sequence of proposed moves in said defragmentation plan.

2. The method of claim 1,

wherein each of the proposed moves describes a movement of a contiguous file to a target unallocated section having at least as many blocks as a number of blocks allocated for the file.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of generating a plurality of plans includes the steps of:

choosing a file from a set of files allocated within the file system;

choosing a working plan from one or more previously generated plans;

generating a set of new plans from said working plan, wherein the sequence of proposed moves of each new plan specifies the sequence of proposed moves of the working plan, appended by a new proposed move, wherein the new proposed more describes a movement of said file to a target unallocated section having at least as blocks as a number of blocks allocated for said file; and

choosing a new plan from among the set of new plans for the plurality of plans.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of generating a set of new plans from said working plan, includes the step of:

generating a set of new plans from said work plan, wherein the length of the sequence of proposed moves of each new plan is less than a prescribed length.

5. The method of claim 3, further comprising the step of pruning said set of new plans after the step of generating a set of new plans.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of pruning said set of new plans includes the steps of:

determining a new score for each of said set of new plans;

establishing a maximum set size; and

removing a new plan from said set of new plans, wherein the new plan has a lowest new score of said set of new plans, until the size of said set of new plans is less than said maximum set size.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of establishing a maximum set size includes the step of:

establishing a maximum set size based upon the length of the sequence of said working plan.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of pruning said set of new plans includes the steps of:

determining a new score for each of new plans of said set of new plans; and

removing a new plan from said set of new plans having a new score that is within a prescribed percentage of the new score of another new plan of said set of new plans.

9. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of selecting a defragmentation plan based on the scores includes selecting the defragmentation plan having a score at least as high as the score of any other of the plans.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of calculating scores respectively for the plans includes the step of:

determining a score for a respective one of the plans according to a summation of the squares of the sizes of said unallocated regions of a configuration of said file system indicated by said plan and according to a summation of the sizes of the file of each proposed move.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of calculating scores respective for the plans includes calculating a source for a plan including the steps of:

determining a relative score for each proposed move of the sequence of proposed moves of said plan;

summing the relative scores for each proposed move of the sequence of proposed moves of said plan;

summing the size of the file of each proposed move; and

determining the score based on the sum of the relative scores and the sum of size of the file of each proposed move.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein:

said file has a left free region to the left of said file and a right free region to the right of said file; and

the step of determining a relative score for a proposed move includes the steps of;

if the target free region is either the left free region or the right free region, then determining the relative score based on a product of the size of a left free region to the left of said file and the size of a right free region to the right of said file; and

if the target free region is neither the left free region nor the right free region, then determining the relative score based on a difference between a term--based on the size of the file, the size of the left free region, and the right free region--and a product of the size of said file and the size of the target free region.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of computing said term before the step of generating said set of plans is completed.

14. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of executing the sequence of proposed moves in said defragmentation plan includes the steps of:

choosing a first proposed move, said first proposed move describing the movement of a file to a free region, in the sequence of proposed moves of said defragmentation plan;

creating a temporary file at a new location in the target unallocated section having the same size as the file;

copying the file to the temporary file;

when said copying is complete, designating the temporary file as the file; and

after readers of said file have acknowledged the new location, unallocating the file system space originally occupied by the file.

15. A computer readable medium having stored thereon sequences of instructions for increasing contiguous free space of a file system, said file system including a set of files and a set of unallocated sections, said sequences of instructions including instructions for performing the steps of:

generating a plurality of plans, wherein each of the plans specifies a sequence of a plurality of proposed moves, wherein each of the proposed moves describes a movement of one or more blocks of a file to a target unallocated section;

calculating scores respectively for the plans;

selecting a defragmentation plan from among the plans, based on the scores; and

executing the sequence of proposed moves in said defragmentation plan.

16. The computer readable medium of claim 15,

wherein each of the proposed moves describes a movement of a contiguous file to a target allocated section having at least as many blocks as a number of blocks allocated for the file.

17. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the step of selecting a defragmentation plan based on the scores includes selecting the defragmentation plan having a score at least as high as the score of any other of the plans.

18. The computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the step of calculating scores respective for the plans includes calculating a source for a plan including the steps of:

determining a relative score for each proposed move of the sequence of proposed moves of said plan;

summing the relative scores for each proposed move of the sequence of proposed moves of said plan;

summing the size of the file of each proposed move; and

determining the score based on the sum of the relative scores and the sum of size of the file of each proposed move.

19. The computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein:

said file has a left free region to the left of said file and a right free region to the right of said file; and

the step of determining a relative score for a proposed move includes the steps of;

if the target free region is either the left free region or the right free region, then determining the relative score based on a product of the size of a left free region to the left of said file and the size of a right free region to the right of said file; and

if the target free region is neither the left free region nor the right free region, then determining the relative score based on a difference between a term--based on the size of the file, the size of the left free region, and the right free region--and a product of the size of said file and the size of the target free region.

20. The computer readable medium of claim 19, further comprising

instructions for performing the step of computing said term before the step of generating said set of plans is completed.

21. The computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the step of calculating scores respectively for the plans includes the step of:

determining a score for a respective one of the plans according to a summation of the squares of the sizes of said unallocated regions of a configuration of said file system indicated by said plan and according to a summation of the sizes of the file of each proposed move.

22. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the step of generating a plurality of plans includes the steps of:

choosing a file from a set of files allocated within the file system;

choosing a working plan from one or more previously generated plans;

generating a set of new plans from said working plan, wherein the sequence of proposed moves of each new plan specifies the sequence of proposed moves of the working plan, appended by a new proposed move, wherein the new proposed move describes a movement of said file to a target unallocated section having at least as blocks as a number of blocks allocated for said file; and

choosing a new plan from among the set of new plans for the plurality of plans.

23. The computer readable medium of claim 22, wherein the step of generating a set of new plans from said working plan, includes the step of:

generating a set of new plans from said work plan, wherein the length of the sequence of proposed moves of each new plan is less than a prescribed length.

24. The computer readable medium of claim 21, wherein the step of executing the sequence of proposed moves in said defragmentation plan includes the steps of:

choosing a first proposed move, said first proposed move describing the movement of a file to a free region, in the sequence of proposed moves of said defragmentation plan;

creating a temporary file at a new location in the target unallocated section having the same size as the file;

copying the file to the temporary file;

when said copying is complete, designating the temporary file as the file; and

after readers of said file have acknowledged the new location, unallocating the file system space originally occupied by the file.

25. The computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising

instructions for performing the step of pruning said set of new plans after the step of generating a set of new plans.

26. The computer readable medium of claim 25, wherein the step of pruning said set of new plans includes the steps of:

determining a new score for each of said set of new plans;

establishing a maximum set size; and

removing a new plan from said set of new plans, wherein the new plan has a lowest new score of said set of new plans, until the size of said set of new plans is less than said maximum set size.

27. The computer readable medium of claim 26, wherein the step of establishing a maximum set size includes the step of:

establishing a maximum set size based upon the length of the sequence of said working plan.

28. The computer readable medium of claim 25, wherein the step of pruning said set of new plans includes the steps of:

determining a new score for each of new plans of said set of new plans and

removing a new plan from said set of new plans having a new score that is within a prescribed percentage of the new score of another new plan of said set of new plans.