Occupancy sensor and method of operating same

• US 6,078,253 A
• Filed: 10/15/1997
• Issued: 06/20/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 02/04/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hubbell, Inc.
• Original Assignee: MyTech Corp (Hubbell, Inc.)
• Inventors: Fowler, John J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, Benjamin C.
• Application Number:
  US08/951,119
• Time in Patent Office: 979 Days
• Field of Search: 340/501, 340/567, 340/511, 340/517, 340/516, 340/521, 340/522, 340/541, 340/514, 307/116, 307/117, 307/32, 364/145, 315/159, 315/362, 315/292
• US Class Current: 340/501
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 18/256 of results relating to different input data, e.g. multimodal recognition
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/10 Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/20 Movements or behaviour, e.g. gesture recognition recognition of facial expressions G06V40/16
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 29/183 Single detectors using dual technologies G08B13/1672, G08B13/2448, G08B13/2494 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 29/16 using microprogrammed units, e.g. state machines
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 29/36 Data generation devices, e.g. data inverters
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 29/38 Response verification devices
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 47/11 by determining the brightness or colour temperature of ambient light
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 47/115 by determining the presence or movement of objects or living beings
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 47/12 by detecting audible sound
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 47/13 by using passive infrared detectors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 20/40 Control techniques providing energy savings, e.g. smart controller or presence detection

Abstract

A multiple sensing technology-based occupancy sensor. Ultrasonic and infrared sensors are used to produce first and second occupancy estimator signals that are combined using a fusion based detection algorithm to produce a combined estimator signal. The combined estimator is then used to switch electrical loads when the combined estimator signal is above a predetermined threshold. The result is an occupancy sensor that has a very high probability of occupancy detection and a low probability of false tripping. In addition, infrared sensitivity is adjusted based upon an estimation of the background noise in order to minimize the occurrence of false tripping.

Claims

1. An occupancy based load controller, comprising:

at least one occupancy sensor for producing at least one occupancy estimator signal indicative of motion within a space;

a programmable microprocessor, connected to said at least one occupancy sensor, for calculating an occupancy signal from said at least one occupancy estimator signal, for comparing said occupancy signal to an activation threshold, and for adjusting a sensitivity of said at least one occupancy sensor as a function of time-varying noise that corrupts said at least one occupancy estimator signal when said electrical load is de-energized; and

a controllable load energizing device responsive to said programmable microprocessor, operable to automatically energize an electrical load when said microprocessor determines that said occupancy signal is greater than said activation threshold.

2. The load controller of claim 1, said at least one occupancy sensor including a PIR sensor, said programmable microprocessor further adjusting said sensitivity of said PIR sensor as a function of seasonal infrared noise that corrupts an output of said PIR sensor.

3. A method of operating a occupancy based load controller, including:

at least one occupancy sensor for producing at least one occupancy estimator signal indicative of motion within a space, a programmable microprocessor, connected to said at least one occupancy sensor, for comparing said occupancy estimator signal to a predetermined threshold; and

a controllable load energizing device responsive to said programmable microprocessor, operable to automatically energize an electrical load when said microprocessor determines that said occupancy estimator signal is greater than said predetermined threshold;

said method comprising;

estimating noise that corrupts said at least one occupancy estimator signal when said electrical load is de-energized; and

adjusting a sensitivity of said at least one occupancy sensor as a function of said estimated noise.

4. The method of claim 3, said estimating step comprising, estimating said noise by filtering said occupancy estimator signal using a statistical order filter.

5. The method of claim 3, said estimating step comprising, estimating said noise by digitally filtering said occupancy estimator signal.

6. The method of claim 3, said estimating step comprising, estimating said noise by time integrating said occupancy estimator signal.

7. The method of claim 3, said estimating step comprising, estimating said noise by averaging said occupancy estimator signal over time.

8. The method of claim 3, said estimating step comprising, estimating said noise by detecting an envelope of said occupancy estimator signal.

9. The method of claim 3, said step of adjusting said sensitivity, comprising, adjusting said predetermined threshold.