Method and receiver device for reconstructing signals distorted by multi-directional diffusion

• US 6,078,788 A
• Filed: 09/26/1997
• Issued: 06/20/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 03/30/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Nokia Siemens Networks GmbH & Company KG (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Siemens AG
• Inventors: Haardt, Martin
• Primary Examiner(s): Vo, Nguyen
• Assistant Examiner(s): Kincaid, Lester G.
• Application Number:
  US08/930,237
• Time in Patent Office: 998 Days
• Field of Search: 455/10, 455/504, 455/269, 455/272, 455/276.1, 455/278.1, 455/279.1, 455/295, 455/296, 455/307, 455/277.1, 455/273, 455/283, 455/65, 375/347, 375/350, 372/195, 372/378, 372/408
• US Class Current: 455/65
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/74 Multi-channel systems specially adapted for direction-finding, i.e. having a single antenna system capable of giving simultaneous indications of the directions of different signals systems in which the directions of different signals are determined sequentially and displayed simultaneously G01S3/04, G01S3/14
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/8006 Multi-channel systems specially adapted for direction-finding, i.e. having a single aerial system capable of giving simultaneous indications of the directions of different signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/086 using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming

Abstract

Signals distorted by multipath propagation are reconstructed. In a first step, the incidence direction of the wavefronts, that is to say of the respective d dominant signal components, is estimated and the signal components are reconstructed. The wavefronts are separated as a result of the first step. A second step reconstructs the signals distorted by multipath propagation with the aid of the wavefronts, separated by spatial direction, and therefore with the aid of the reconstructed signal components, through combination of the signal components, by assigning the determined d dominant signal components to the l associated signal sources and, expediently, determining delay times and weighting factors with a view to optimal combination of the signal components in order to reconstruct the signals. The method may be applied either to one-dimensional or two-dimensional evaluation of the incidence direction of the wavefronts, and is suitable, in particular, for mobile-radio or wireless communication systems, high-resolution radar image processing systems and sonar systems.

Claims

1. A method for reconstructing signals distorted by multipath propagation, wavefronts assignable to signal components being received by a centrosymmetric sensor group having sensor elements, having two measures to be carried out separately, comprising the steps of:

in a first measure, determining incidence direction of wavefronts associated with respective dominant signal components ignoring lower-power signal components and interference components by utilizing phase differences occurring between the sensor elements with respect to a wavefront, and reconstructing the dominant signal components; and

in a second measure that is carried out separately from the first measure and utilizing the dominant signal components reconstructed according to the first measure, assigning the determined dominant signal components to associated spatially separate signal sources and reconstructing the signals by combination of signal components associated with a signal source.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein based on the assignment of the dominant signal components to the signal sources the method further comprises assigning, an assignment of delay times and weighting factors, which permits correctly phased superposition, for the signal components respectively associated with a signal source.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, as the first measure, the method further comprises:

initializing a complex measured-value matrix (x) having a dimension (M×

N) determined by a number of sensor elements and a number of sampled values by storing the sampled values,

determining a second, purely real matrix (T(x)) which exclusively contains real values, which can be assigned to the measured values and which has double the number of elements, by a similarity transformation of a centrohermitian matrix, formed by the complex measured-value matrix (x) and a combination of an M-dimensional antidiagonal permutation matrix (Π

_M), a complex conjugate (x*) of the measured-value matrix and an N-dimensional antidiagonal permutation matrix (Π

_M), via an M-dimensional left Π

-real adjoint matrix (Q_M^H) and an 2N-dimensional left Π

-real matrix (Q_2M) according to the relationship T(x)=Q_M^H Q_2M,

performing a signal subspace estimation for determining the real signal subspace matrix (E_s) by processing the second, purely real matrix (T(x)) whose signal subspace is spanned by the dominant column vectors of the signal subspace matrix (E_s),

performing a subgroup formation, carried out separately for each evaluation dimension of the method, of the centrosymmetric sensor group into two subgroups, shifted relative to one another, is carried out and two selection matrices (K₁, K₂) are established for each evaluation dimension in accordance with configuration of the subgroups,

determining a solution, carried out separately for each evaluation dimension of the method, determined by the signal subspace matrix (E_s), resulting from the signal subgroup formation and containing the dominant column vectors, and the selection matrices (K₁, K₂) so that in each case a solution matrix (Y) according to K₁ E_s Y≈

K₂ E_s is available,

determining an eigenvalue matrix, which is real or complex depending on a dimension of the evaluation method, from the solution matrix (Y); and

reconstructing the signal components by multiplying a pseudo inverse of an estimated system matrix, containing the phase factors of the determined eigenvalues, by the complex measured-value matrix (x).

4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method further comprises a reliability estimate of the method is provided by a test of the determined eigenvalues.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensor group is two dimensional and consists of M elements, and wherein the method only has two direction-evaluation dimensions.

8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensors are antennas for transmitting and receiving radio-frequency electromagnetic signals.

9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method is utilized in mobile radio systems.

10. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method is utilized in wired communication systems.

11. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method is utilized in high-resolution radar image processing systems.

12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensor group is one-dimensional and consists of M elements, and wherein the method only has one direction-evaluation dimension.

13. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensors are sound receivers for transmitting and receiving acoustic signals.

14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the method is utilized in sonar systems.

15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the method is utilized in medical technology systems.

6. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the sensor group, which is two-dimensional, extensive, centrosymmetric and invariant in two directions, consists of M elements and the method has evaluation dimensions x and y, wherein the method further comprises:

determining the selection matrices (K.sub.μ

1, K.sub.μ

2, K_v1, K_v2) in accordance with the two dimensions of the sensor group, producing a system of equations, determined by the signal subspace matrix (E_s), from a signal subgroup formation, containing the dominant signal vectors, and solving the selection matrices (K₁, K₂) for the dimensions x and y according to the relationships K.sub.μ

, _v1 E_s Y.sub.μ

,v ≈

K.sub.μ

,v2 E_s, so that in each case a solution matrix (Y) according to K₁ E₂ Y≈

K₂ E_s is implemented and the solution matrices (Y.sub.μ

, Y_v) are available,

pairing eigenvalues of the solution matrices (Y.sub.μ

, Y_v) via complex determination of the complex eigenvalue matrix according to the relationship Y.sub.μ

+jY_v =TΩ

T^-1, and

determining the incidence directions, represented by the azimuth and elevation angle by the relationships ω

.sub.μ

k =tan (μ

_k /2),=tan (v_k /2);

μ

_k =cos φ

_k sin θ

_k, v_k =sin φ

_k sin θ

_k, and μ

_k =2Π

/λ

·

Δ

_x u_k, v_k =2Π

/λ

·

Δ

_y v_k.

7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method further comprises spatially smoothing the measured values before the incidence directions are determined.

16. A receiver device, comprising:

an allocated centrosymmetric sensor group, having sensor elements, which receives wavefronts assignable to signal components; and

signal-processing means for reconstructing signals distorted by multipath propagation, wherein the receiver device effects

1) determination of the incidence direction of wavefronts associated with respective dominant signal components while ignoring lower-power signal components and interference components by utilizing phase differences occurring between the sensor elements with respect to a wavefront, and reconstruction of the dominant signal components, and

2) using the dominant signal components reconstructed according to measure

     1), assignment of the determined dominant signal components to the associated spatially separated signal sources, and reconstruction of the signals by combination of signal components associated with a signal source.

17. The receiver device as claimed in claim 16, wherein, using the signal-processing means, based on assignment of the dominant signal components to the signal sources an assignment of delay times and weighting factors which permits correctly phased superposition is carried out for the signal components respectively associated with a signal source.

18. The receiver device as claimed in claim 16, wherein, as the first measure, using the signal-processing means, a complex measured-value matrix (x) having a dimension (M×

N) determined by a number of sensor elements and a number of sampled values is initialized by storing the sampled values,

a second, purely real matrix (T(x)) which exclusively contains real values, which is assignable to measured values and which has double the number of elements, is determined by a similarity transformation of a centrohermitian matrix, formed from the complex measured-value matrix (x) and a combination of an M-dimensional antidiagonal permutation matrix (Π

_M), a complex conjugate (x*) of the measured-value matrix and an N-dimensional antidiagonal permutation matrix (Π

_M), via an M-dimensional left Π

-real adjoint matrix (Q_M^H) and a 2N-dimensional left Π

-real matrix (Q_2N) according to the relationship T(x)=Q_M^H Q_2N,

a signal subspace estimation for determining a real signal subspace matrix (E_s) by processing the second, purely real matrix (T(x)) whose signal subspace is spanned by the dominant column vectors of a signal subspace matrix (E_s),

a subgroup formation, carried out separately for each evaluation dimension, of the centrosymmetric sensor group into two subgroups, shifted relative to one another, is carried out and in each case two selection matrices (K₁, K₂) are established for each evaluation dimension in accordance with configuration of the subgroups,

a solution, carried out separately for each evaluation dimension, determined by the signal subspace matrix (E_s), resulting from the signal subgroup formation and containing the dominant column vectors, and the selection matrices (K₁, K₂) is carried out so that in each case a solution matrix (Y) according to K₁ E_s Y≈

K₂ E_s is available,

an eigenvalue matrix, which is real or complex depending on a dimension of the evaluation method, is determined from the solution matrix (Y) and the signal components are reconstructed by multiplying a pseudo inverse of an estimated system matrix, containing the phase factors of the determined eigenvalues, by the complex measured-value matrix.

19. The receiver device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the sensor group is one-dimensional and consists of M elements, and the receiver device is only one direction-evaluation dimension.

20. The receiver device as claimed in claim 18, wherein, using the signal-processing means, a reliability estimate of reconstruction of the signal components is provided by a test of determined eigenvalues.

21. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the sensor group is two-dimensional and consists of M elements, and wherein direction evaluation takes place in two dimensions.

22. The receiver device as claimed in claim 21, wherein the sensor group, which is two-dimensional, extensive, centrosymmetric and invariant in two directions, consists of M elements and the receiver device has evaluation dimensions x and y, so that selection matrices (K.sub.μ

1, K.sub.μ

2, K_v1, K_v2) are determined in accordance with the two dimensions of the sensor group,

a system of equations determined by the signal subspace matrix (E_s), which is produced from a signal subgroup formation and contains the dominant signal vectors, and the selection matrices (K₁, K₂) is solved for the dimensions x and y according to the relationships K.sub.μ

,v1 E_s Y.sub.μ

,v ≈

K.sub.μ

,v2 E_s, so that in each case a solution matrix (Y) according to K₁ E_s Y≈

K₂ E_s is implemented and solution matrices (Y.sub.μ

, Y_v) are available,

eigenvalues of the solution matrices (Y.sub.μ

, Y_v) are paired via complex determination of a complex eigenvalue matrix (Ω

) according to the relationship Y.sub.μ

+JY_v =TΩ

T^-1, and

incidence directions, represented by azimuth (θ

_k) and elevation angle (φ

_k) are determined by the relationships ω

.sub.μ

k =tan (μ

_k /2), =tan (v_k /2);

u_k =cos φ

_k sin θ

_k, v_k =sin φ

_k sin θ

_k and μ

_k =2Π

/λ

·

Δ

_x u_k, v_k =2Π

/λ

·

Δ

_y v_k.

23. The receiver device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the signal-processing means are configured such that the measured values are spatially smoothed before incidence directions are determined.

24. The receiver device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the sensors are antennas for transmitting and receiving radio-frequency electro-magnetic signals, and the receiver device is part of a base station of a mobile radio network of a wireless communication network.