Method and apparatus for the non-invasive determination of the concentration of a component
First Claim
1. A method of determining the concentration of a component from the intensity of electromagnetic waves with at least two selected wavelengths which are reflected by human tissue or transmitted through human tissue, said method comprising the following steps:
- 1.1 converting the intensities of received electromagnetic waves into at least one first and one second electric signal;
1.2 forming a continuous first temporal average value of the first signal;
1.3 forming a continuous second temporal average value of the second signal;
1.4 determining a continuous ratio from said first and second signals as well as from said first and second continuous temporal average values with the exception of regions lying close to the zero passages of alternating components of said first signal and said first average value, and said second signal and said second average value; and
1.5 deriving the concentration of the component from said continuous ratio.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A method of determining the concentration of a component from the intensity of electromagnetic waves with at least two selected wavelengths which are reflected by human tissue or transmitted through human tissue comprises the step of converting first intensities of the received electromagnetic waves into at least one first and one second electric signal. Following this, a continuous first temporal average value of the first signal and a continuous second temporal average value of the second signal are formed. A first alternating component is continuously determined from said first signal and said first average value, whereas a second alternating component is continuously determined from said second signal and said second average value. Subsequently, a continuous ratio is determined from said first and second signals as well as from said first and second continuous temporal average values, with the exception of regions lying close to the zero passages of the alternating components. Finally, the concentration of the component is derived from said continuous ratio or from the integrated ratio derived from the integrated alternating components.
110 Citations
19 Claims
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1. A method of determining the concentration of a component from the intensity of electromagnetic waves with at least two selected wavelengths which are reflected by human tissue or transmitted through human tissue, said method comprising the following steps:
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1.1 converting the intensities of received electromagnetic waves into at least one first and one second electric signal; 1.2 forming a continuous first temporal average value of the first signal; 1.3 forming a continuous second temporal average value of the second signal; 1.4 determining a continuous ratio from said first and second signals as well as from said first and second continuous temporal average values with the exception of regions lying close to the zero passages of alternating components of said first signal and said first average value, and said second signal and said second average value; and 1.5 deriving the concentration of the component from said continuous ratio. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
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6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the first alternating component is formed by subtracting the continuous first temporal average value from the first signal and wherein the second alternating component is formed by subtracting the continuous second temporal average value from the second signal.
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7. A method of determining the concentration of a component from the intensity of electromagnetic waves with at least two selected wavelengths which are reflected by human tissue or transmitted through human tissue, said method comprising the following steps:
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7.1 converting the intensities of received electromagnetic waves into at least one first and one second electric signal; 7.2 forming a continuous first temporal average value of the first signal; 7.3 forming a continuous second temporal average value of the second signal; - View Dependent Claims (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 18)
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8. 4 continuously determining a first alternating component from said first signal and said first average value;
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7.5 continuously determining a second alternating component from said second signal and said second average value; 7.6 determining a continuous differential value of the two alternating components; 7.7 determining a first integrated average value by integrating the first average value over a subperiod of said continuous differential value; 7.8 determining a second integrated average value by integrating the second average value over said subperiod; 7.9 determining an integrated alternating component by integrating the first or the second alternating component over said subperiod; 7.10 determining a first integrated differential value by integrating said differential value over said subperiod; 7.11 determining an integrated ratio value on the basis of the integrated differential value, the integrated alternating component and the two integrated average values; and 7.12 deriving the concentration of the component from the integrated ratio value.
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14. A method of determining a pulse rate of a flow of blood through human tissue from the intensity of electromagnetic waves with at least two selected wavelengths which are reflected by said human tissue or transmitted through said human tissue, said method comprising the following steps:
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13.1 converting the intensities of received electromagnetic waves into at least one first and one second electric signal; 13.2 forming a continuous first temporal average value of the first signal; 13.3 forming a continuous second temporal average value of the second signal; 13.4 continuously determining a first alternating component from said first signal and said first average value; 13.5 continuously determining a second alternating component from said second signal and said second average value; 13.6 determining a continuous differential value of the two alternating components; and 13.7 determining the pulse rate of the flow of blood on the basis of the zero passages of said differential value.
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15. An apparatus for determining the concentration of a component from the intensity of electromagnetic waves with at least two selected wavelengths which are reflected by human tissue or transmitted through human tissue, comprising:
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means for converting the intensities of received electromagnetic waves into at least one first and one second electric signal; means for forming a continuous first temporal average value of the first signal; means for forming a continuous second temporal average value of the second signal; means for determining a continuous ratio from said first and second signals as well as from said first and second continuous temporal average values with the exception of regions lying close to the zero passages of alternating components of said first signal and said first average value, and said second signal and said second average value; and means for deriving the concentration of the component from said continuous ratio.
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17. An apparatus for determining the concentration of a component from the intensity of electromagnetic waves with at least two selected wavelengths which are reflected by human tissue or transmitted through human tissue, comprising:
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means for converting the intensities of received electromagnetic waves into at least one first and one second electric signal; means for forming a continuous first temporal average value of the first signal; means for forming a continuous second temporal average value of the second signal; means for continuously determining a first alternating component from said first signal and said first average value; means for continuously determining a second alternating component from said second signal and said second average value; means for determining a continuous differential value of the two alternating components; means for determining a first integrated average value by integrating the first average value over a subperiod of said continuous differential value; means for determining a second integrated average value by integrating the second average value over said subperiod; means for determining an integrated alternating component by integrating the first or the second alternating component over said subperiod; means for determining a first integrated differential value by integrating said differential value over said subperiod; means for determining a first integrated ratio value on the basis of the integrated differential value, the integrated alternating component and the two integrated average values; and means for deriving the concentration of the component from the first integrated ratio value.
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19. An apparatus for determining a pulse rate of a flow of blood through human tissue from the intensity of electromagnetic waves with at least two selected wavelengths which are reflected by said human tissue or transmitted through said human tissue, comprising:
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means for converting the intensities of received electromagnetic waves into at least one first and one second electric signal; means for forming a continuous first temporal average value of the first signal; means for forming a continuous second temporal average value of the second signal; means for continuously determining a first alternating component from said first signal and said first average value; means for continuously determining a second alternating component from said second signal and said second average value; means for determining a continuous differential value of the two alternating components; and means for determining the pulse rate of the flow of blood on the basis of the zero passages of said differential value.
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Specification