Video signal encoding method and apparatus employing an adaptive quantization technique

• US 6,084,636 A
• Filed: 09/25/1997
• Issued: 07/04/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 09/27/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: JVC Kenwood Corporation
• Original Assignee: Victor Company of Japan Limited (JVC Kenwood Corporation)
• Inventors: Ueda, Motoharu, Nakagawa, Hiroshi, Sugahara, Takayuki, Nishitani, Masayoshi, Fujiwara, Mitsuaki
• Primary Examiner(s): BRITTON, HOWARD W
• Application Number:
  US08/937,636
• Time in Patent Office: 1,013 Days
• Field of Search: 348/405, 348/419, 382/251
• US Class Current: 375/240.03
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/126 Details of normalisation or weighting functions, e.g. normalisation matrices or variable uniform quantisers
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/146 Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/15 by monitoring actual compressed data size at the memory before deciding storage at the transmission buffer
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/152 by measuring the fullness of the transmission buffer
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/172 the region being a picture, frame or field
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/176 the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/184 the unit being bits, e.g. of the compressed video stream
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/61 in combination with predictive coding

Abstract

A method employed in an encoding apparatus allocates bits for each of the pictures and blocks of a video signal based on quantization-dependent and quantization-independent signal thereof. First, the quantization-dependent signal is quantized based on a fixed quantization parameter; and the quantized data and the quantization-independent signal are statistically coded to thereby provided first data and second data. A target amount of encoded bits for each picture and block is then determined based on a target bit rate and the respective amounts of the first and the second data. The amounts of encoded data for the pictures and the blocks are adaptively controlled according to the target amounts of encoded bits by adjustably altering quantization parameters based on the difference between the target amount of the encoded bits and the amount of the encoded data generated.

Claims

1. A method for encoding a video signal including a quantization-dependent signal and a quantization-independent signal, comprising the steps of:

(a) quantizing the quantization-dependent signal base on a fixed quantization parameter to thereby generate first quantized data;

(b) statistically coding the first quantized data and the quantization-independent signal to thereby provide first data and second data, respectively;

(c) storing the amount of the first data and the amount of the second data;

(d) determining a target amount of encoded bits for each of predetermined units of the video signal based on a predetermined target bit rate and the stored amounts of the first and the second data;

(e) deciding one or more quantization parameters for each unit based on the target amount of encoded bits;

(f) quantizing the quantization-dependent data based on the decided quantization parameters to thereby generate second quantized data; and

(g) statistically coding the second quantized data and the quantization-independent signal to thereby generate third data and fourth data, respectively, as the encoded data of the video signal,

wherein the quantization parameters are adaptively decided in response to the difference between the target amount of encoded bits and the amount of the encoded data.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein each unit corresponds to a picture of the video signal.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein each unit corresponds to a macroblock of the video signal.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the target amount of encoded bits is determined for each picture and macroblock of the video signal.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said determining step (d) includes the steps of:

(d1) computing a target amount of encoded bits for a predetermined set of pictures based on the target bit rate, the number of pictures in the set, and a picture-rate of the video signal;

(d2) detecting a target amount of quantization-dependent encoded bits for the set by subtracting the amount of the second data corresponding to the set from the target amount of encoded bits for the set;

(d3) finding a ratio of an amount of the first data corresponding to each picture in the set with respect to an amount of the first data corresponding to the set;

(d4) multiplying the target amount of quantization-dependent encoded bits for the set by the ratio found in step (d3) to thereby obtain a target amount of quantization-dependent encoded bits for each picture; and

(d5) determining a target amount of encoded bits for each picture by adding the target amount of the quantization-dependent encoded bits obtained in step (d4) and an amount of the second data corresponding to each picture.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein said determining step (d) further includes the steps of:

(d6) calculating a ratio of an amount of the first data corresponding to each macroblock in a picture with respect to an amount of the first data for the picture;

(d7) multiplying a target amount of quantization-dependent encoded bits for the picture obtained in step (d4) by the ratio calculated in step (d6) to thereby provide a target amount of quantization-dependent encoded bits for each macroblock; and

(d8) determining a target amount of encoded bits for each macroblock by adding the target amount of quantization-dependent encoded bits provided in step (d7) and an amount of second data for each macroblock.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the amount of second data corresponding to each picture is calculated by summing respective amounts of second data for macroblocks included in each picture and the amount of first data corresponding to each picture is generated by summing respective amounts of first data for the macroblock in each picture.

8. An apparatus for encoding a video signal including a quantization-dependent signal and a quantization-independent signal, comprising:

first encoding means having;

a first quantization means for quantizing the quantization-dependent signal based on a fixed quantization parameter to thereby generate first quantized data,

a first statistical coder for coding the first quantized data and the quantization-independent signal to thereby provide first data and second data, respectively, and

a first counting means for finding the amount of the first data and the amount of the second data;

means for storing the respective amounts of the first and the second data; and

a second encoding means having;

means for determining a target amount of encoded bits for each of predetermined units of the video signal,

means for deriving one or more quantization parameter for each unit based on the target amount of encoded bits,

a second quantization means for quantizing the quantization-dependent signal based on the decided quantization parameters to thereby generate second quantized data,

a second statistical coder for coding the second quantized data and the quantization-independent signal to thereby generate third data and fourth data, respectively, as encoded data of the video signal, and

a second counting means for determining the amount of the third data and the amount of the fourth data.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said quantization parameter deriving means includes;

means for detecting the difference between the target amount of encoded bits and an amount of encoded data; and

means for adaptively adjusting the quantization parameters in response to the difference.

10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein each unit corresponds to a picture of the video signal.

11. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein each unit corresponds to a macroblock of the video signal.

12. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the target amount of encoded bits is determined for each picture and macroblock of the video signal.

13. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the amounts of the first and the second data are stored for each picture and macroblock of the video signal.

14. The apparatus according to one of claims 8, further comprising a delay means for delaying the video signal until the amounts of the first and the second data are stored in the storing means and applying the video signal to the second encoding means thereafter.

15. An apparatus for encoding a video signal which includes a quantization-dependent signal and a quantization-independent signal, comprising:

means for quantizing the quantization-dependent signal to thereby provide first quantized data;

means for statistically coding the first quantized data and the quantization-independent signal, thereby generating first data and second data, respectively;

a counting means for obtaining the amount of the first data and the amount of the second data;

means for storing the amount of the first data and the amount of the second data;

a target bits determination means for determining a target amount of encoded bits for each of predetermined units of video signal based on a target bit rate and the stored amounts of the first and the second data;

a bit control means for deciding an initial quantization parameter based on the target amount of encoded bits and deciding further quantization parameters based on a difference between the target amount of encoded bits and the amount of the encoded data generated by the statistically coding means to thereby generate decided quantization parameters;

means for setting a fixed quantization parameter; and

controlling means for coupling the fixed quantization parameter to the quantizing means and inputting the amounts of first and second data to the storing means and, thereafter, providing the stored amounts of first and second data, the outputs of the counting means and the decided quantization parameters to the target bits determination means, the bit control means and the quantizing means, respectively, thereby adaptively controlling quantization step sizes at the quantizing means.

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein each unit is a picture of the video signal.

17. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein each unit is a macroblock of the video signal.

18. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the target amount of encoded bits is determined for each picture and macroblock of the video signal.