Semiconductor antenna array and solar energy collection array assembly for spacecraft

• US 6,087,991 A
• Filed: 04/15/1999
• Issued: 07/11/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 04/15/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Kustas, Frank
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Don
• Assistant Examiner(s): PHAN, THO GIA
• Application Number:
  US09/292,712
• Time in Patent Office: 453 Days
• Field of Search: 343/700 MS, 343/701, 343/720, 343/878, 343/879, 343/844, 343/853, 343/893, 343/912, 343/DIG. 2
• US Class Current: 343/700.0MS
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/38 formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support patch antennas H01Q9/0407; microstrip dipole antennas H01Q9/065; microstrip slot antennas H01Q13/106; transmission line microstrip antennas H01Q13/206; manufacturing reflecting surfaces using insulating material for supporting the reflecting surface H01Q15/142
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/44 using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna , e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspectH01Q1/27 - H01Q1/34 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/08 the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path waveguide fed H01Q21/0037
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 343/02 Satellite-mounted antenna

Abstract

A semiconductor array assembly comprises an antenna array portion including a plurality of photonically-activatable semiconductor elements. The array assembly may also include a solar energy collection array portion having a plurality of photovoltaic cells. The two arrays may be supportably positioned on opposing sides of a common support structure (e.g. a dielectric substrate). An activation arrangement is provided to transmit photonic energy from an external source, such as solar radiation from the sun, received on a back side of the assembly to photonically-activatable elements to increase their electrical conductivity and thereby activate them for transmission and/or reception of electromagnetic signals. The activation arrangement may also feed photonic energy from an internal photonic energy source, such as laser diodes, through optical fibers to activate the photonically-activatable elements. A method of operating a solar-activated, antenna assembly involves positioning an array of photonically-activatable elements to receive photonic solar energy. The photonic energy activates the antenna array elements for operation. As such, while photonic energy is being received, the array of photoconductive semiconductor elements may be operated for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic signals.

Claims

1. A method for use of a photonically-activatable, semiconductor antenna array mounted on a spacecraft, comprising the steps of:

positioning said antenna array to receive photonic solar energy, wherein said antenna array includes a plurality of photonically-activatable, semiconductor elements;

receiving photonic solar energy on said antenna array, wherein said received solar photonic energy increases the electrical conductivity of and thereby activates said elements in said antenna array, said activated elements thereby being operable for at least one of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals; and

operating said antenna array for at least one of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals during said step of receiving photonic solar energy.

2. A method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising:

collecting said photonic solar energy and passing said collected solar photonic energy to said elements.

3. A method as set forth in claim 2, said collecting step comprising:

containing said photonic solar energy within at least one collector positioned in face-to-face relation with said plurality of photonically-activatable elements.

4. A method as set forth in claim 3, said collecting step further comprising:

reflecting said photonic solar energy within said collector.

5. A method as set forth in claim 3, further comprising:

filtering said photonic solar energy, wherein photonic solar energy transmitted to said photoactivatable elements is within a predetermined wavelength range.

6. A method as set forth in claim 5, wherein said predetermined wavelength range is below a bandgap of a material comprising said photonically-activatable elements.

7. A method as set forth in claim 1, said antenna array being part of an assembly having an activation side and an opposing signal transmission/reception side, wherein during said positioning step said antenna assembly is positioned so that said activation side faces an external photonic solar energy source to receive photonic solar energy and said signal transmission/reception side faces a signal direction for at least one of transmitting electromagnetic signals away from said assembly in said signal direction and receiving electromagnetic signals traveling toward said assembly from said signal direction.

8. A method as set forth in claim 7, wherein said assembly further includes at least one collection device for collecting said photonic solar energy, and wherein said at least one collection device is located on said activation side and said photonically-activatable elements are located on said signal transmission/reception side of said assembly.

9. A method as set forth in claim 8, further comprising:

receiving photonic solar energy on an array of photovoltaic cells positioned on said activation side of said assembly, wherein said photovoltaic cells convert said photonic solar energy to electrical energy.

10. A method as set forth in claim 9, wherein said photonically-activatable elements and said photovoltaic cells are supportably located on opposing sides of a dielectric support layer interconnected to the spacecraft.

11. A semiconductor array assembly interconnected to a spacecraft, comprising:

a support structure interconnected to a spacecraft;

at least one array of photoconductive semiconductor elements mounted on said support structure, said photoconductive semiconductor elements being operable for at least one of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals upon being activated by photonic energy; and

activation means, positioned in face-to-face relation with said photoconductive semiconductor on said support structure, for activating said at least one array by delivering photonic energy to said photoconductive semiconductor elements of said at least one array, said activation means including at least one collection device for collecting photonic energy and transmitting said collected photonic energy onto said photoconductive semiconductor elements.

12. A semiconductor array assembly as set forth in claim 11, wherein said activation means is coupled with an internal photonic energy source supportedly interconnected to the spacecraft for providing activating photonic energy having a selected wavelength range to said at least one collection device.

13. A semiconductor array assembly as set forth in claim 12, wherein said at least one collection device includes at least one glass tank having at least one reflective surface for concentrating said activating photonic energy onto at least one of said photoconductive semiconductor elements.

14. A semiconductor array assembly as set forth in claim 13, wherein said at least one glass tank comprises a plurality of treated surfaces, said treated surfaces being either polished or coated with a reflective material.

15. A semiconductor array assembly as set forth in claim 11, wherein said photoconductive semiconductor elements and said at least one collection device are disposed on opposing sides of said support structure, and wherein openings are provided through said support structure between said photoconductive semiconductor elements and said at least one collection device to provide for a direct interface therebetween.

16. A semiconductor array assembly as set forth in claim 15, wherein said photoconductive semiconductor elements are directly adhered to said at least one collection device.

17. A semiconductor array assembly as set forth in claim 15, wherein said at least collection device comprises a plurality of separate glass tanks provided in one-to-one relation with said photoconductive semiconductor elements, wherein each of said photoconductive semiconductor elements is directly adhered to a corresponding one of said glass tanks.

18. A semiconductor array assembly as set forth in claim 17, wherein said support structure comprises a dielectric substrate.

19. A semiconductor array assembly as set forth in claim 18, wherein said array of photoconductive semiconductor elements comprises a plurality of parallel rows, wherein said dielectric substrate is flexible, and wherein said assembly may be folded in an accordion-like fashion for storage.

20. A semiconductor array assembly as set forth in claim 17, wherein each of said glass tanks is optically interconnected to an internal photonic energy source supportedly interconnected to said spacecraft.

21. A semiconductor array assembly, comprising:

at least one antenna array mounted on a first side of a support layer, including a plurality of photoconductive semiconductor elements, said photoconductive semiconductor elements being operable for at least one of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals upon being activated by photonic energy;

activation means, mounted on a second side of said support layer, for activating said at least one antenna array by delivering photonic energy to said photoconductive semiconductor elements of said at least one array, said activation means including at least one collection device for collecting photonic energy and transmitting said collected photonic energy onto said photoconductive semiconductor elements; and

at least one solar energy collection array, mounted on said second side of said support layer, for generating power from photonic energy receivable by said collection array, said collection array including a plurality of photovoltaic cells.

22. A semiconductor array assembly as set forth in claim 21, said array assembly having an activation side that is positionable to face an external photonic energy source to receive photonic energy and an antenna side that is positionable to face a signal direction, said signal direction being selectable for controlling said at least one of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals.

23. A semiconductor array assembly as set forth in claim 22, wherein said photovoltaic cells of said at least one solar energy collection array are mounted in axially offset relation to said photoconductive semiconductor elements.

24. A semiconductor array assembly as set forth in claim 23, wherein said photovoltaic cells are fabricated from a photovoltaic material having a first coefficient of thermal expansion and said photoconductive semiconductor elements are fabricated from a photoconductive material having a second coefficient of thermal expansion, said first and second coefficients of thermal expansion being substantially equal.

25. A semiconductor array assembly as set forth in claim 24, wherein said photovoltaic material comprises one of amorphous silicon and polycrystalline silicon, and wherein said photoconductive material comprises single cell silicon.

26. A semiconductor array assembly as set forth in claim 21, wherein said array assembly includes power transmission means, coupled to said at least one solar energy collection array, for transmitting said generated power away from each of said photovoltaic cells, and wherein said array assembly includes electromagnetic signal transmission means, coupled to said at least one antenna array, for delivering electromagnetic signals to said activated photoconductive semiconductor elements for transmission and for carrying electromagnetic signals received by said activated photoconductive semiconductor elements.

27. A semiconductor array assembly as set forth in claim 21, wherein said at least one collection device comprises at least one glass tank disposed in face-to-face relation with said plurality of photoconductive semiconductor elements.

28. A semiconductor array assembly as set forth in claim 27, wherein said at least one glass tank comprises a plurality of surfaces treated to internally reflect photonic energy.

29. A semiconductor array assembly as set forth in claim 27, wherein said glass tank is optically interconnected to an internal photonic energy source supportably mounted to said spacecraft, wherein said internal photonic energy source provides photonic energy for activating said antenna array.

30. A semiconductor array assembly as set forth in claim 29, wherein said activation means comprises a plurality of glass tanks disposed in one-to-one, direct contact relation to said plurality of photoconductive semiconductor elements.