Power converters for multiple input power supplies

• US 6,088,250 A
• Filed: 05/29/1998
• Issued: 07/11/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 05/29/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Aerospace Corporation
• Original Assignee: Aerospace Corporation
• Inventors: Siri, Kasemsan
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Patel, Rajnikant B.
• Application Number:
  US09/087,537
• Time in Patent Office: 774 Days
• Field of Search: 363/97, 363/71, 363/20, 363/21, 363/16, 363/17, 363/132, 363/65, 363/67, 323/224, 323/222, 323/282, 320/128
• US Class Current: 363/97
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 1/102 being switching converters H02J1/108, H02J1/12 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/4258 using a single converter stage both for correction of AC input power factor and generation of a regulated and galvanically isolated DC output voltage H02M1/4241 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 80/10 Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

Abstract

An improved power converter employs two conventional charging and discharging switches operating in a complimentary mode and driven by a switch driver controlled by a power factor correction controller. The power converter is firstly improved with a blocking diode for blocking cross coupled short circuit paths to enable multiple converters to drive respective primary windings of an output isolation transformer, and is further modified with an absorption capacitor for providing a discharge path for a switching capacitor connected across the discharging switch so as to enable zero voltage switching of the discharging switch while employing conventional power factor correction, over voltage protection and current limiting. A plurality of improved power converters can be connected between respective input power sources and respective primary windings of the transformer with each converter independently providing power factor correction without cross coupling short circuit paths.

Claims

1. A converter for transferring power from a power source to a primary winding of an output transformer providing power to a load, the converter comprising,

a charging means for storing energy during a charging time,

a charging switch means for providing a short circuit path for controlling the charging of the charging means,

a blocking means connected between the charging means and the primary winding, the blocking means is for blocking the short circuit path to the primary winding during the charging time, the blocking means provides high impedance to the primary winding during the charging time to prevent short circuit path coupling to the primary winding during the charging time, and

a discharging switch means for controlling the discharging of the charging means during a discharging time, the charging means discharges energy through the primary winding and through the discharging switch means during the discharging time, the discharged energy in the primary winding is coupled through the output transformer to the load to transfer power to the load.

2. The converter of claim 1 wherein the charging switch means provides the short circuit path for conducting the charging current during the charging time, and an open circuit during the discharging time when the charging means discharges the stored energy to the primary winding.

3. The converter of claim 1 wherein the charging switch means and the discharging switch means are complimentarily operated providing open and closed conditions, the charging switch means closed and the discharging switch means opened during the charging time, and, the charging switch means is opened and the discharging switch means is closed during the discharging time.

4. The converter of claim 1 wherein

the charging means is an inductor, and

the charging switch means is a switch providing the short circuit path for conducting a charging current through the inductor to store energy in the inductor during the charging time.

5. The converter of claim 1 wherein

the discharging switch means is another switch providing the discharging path for transferring the stored energy to the load through the output transformer, and

the blocking means is a diode providing the high impedance preventing the short-circuit across the primary winding during the charging time.

6. The converter of claim 1 further comprising,

a switching capacitor means connected across the discharging switch means for storing a stored charge from the discharged energy in the primary winding during the charging time, and

an absorption capacitor means coupled to the switching capacitor means for absorbing the stored charge from the switching capacitor means for discharging the switching capacitor means to zero volts at the beginning of the discharging time.

7. The converter of claim 6 wherein

the switching capacitor means is a capacitor storing charge released from the primary winding and later discharging the stored charge into the absorption capacitor means, through the primary winding, creating zero voltage across the discharging switch means at the end of the charging time, and

the absorption capacitor means is another capacitor, connected in parallel with the blocking means for absorbing the stored charge from the switching capacitor means.

8. A power system for transferring power from a plurality of power sources to a load, the power system comprising,

a transformer having a respective plurality of primary windings and a secondary winding connected to the load,

a plurality of converters respectively connected between the primary windings and the power sources, each converter further comprises:

a charging means for storing energy during a charging time;

a charging switch means for providing a short circuit path for controlling the charging of the charging means;

a blocking means connected between the charging means and the respective primary winding, the blocking means is for blocking the short circuit path to the respective primary winding during the charging time; and

a discharging switch means for controlling the discharging of the charging means during a discharging time, the charging means discharges energy through the respective primary winding and through the discharging switch means during the discharging time to couple power from a respective one of the power sources to the load, and

a plurality of respective switch drivers operating the charging switch means and the discharging switch means in a complimentary mode providing open and closed conditions, the charging switching means is closed and the discharging switching means is opened during the charging time, the charging switching means is opened and the discharging switching means is closed during the discharging time, and, the discharged energy in the primary winding is coupled through the output transformer to the load to transfer power to the load.

9. The system of claim 8 further comprising a respective plurality of controllers for respectively sensing the plurality of power sources and for respectively driving the plurality of switch drivers in the complimentary mode.

10. The system of claim 8 further comprising a respective plurality of power factor correction controllers for respectively sensing the plurality of power sources and for respectively driving the plurality switch drivers during power factor correction, each of the power factor correction controllers provide a respective pulse width modulated signal to a respective switch driver for controlling the amount of power delivered to the load.

11. The system of claim 8 further comprising a clock for providing periodic switching cycles, each of which for synchronizing the charging time of at least one half of the switching cycle and for staggering the discharging time during a second half of the switching cycle.

12. The system of claim 8 further comprising a clock for providing periodic switching cycles, each of which for synchronizing the charging time of at least one half of the cycle time and for staggering the discharging time during a second half of the switching cycle, at least one of the respective blocking means blocks a respective short circuit path during the respective charging time when another one of the plurality of converters is discharging during a respective staggered discharging time.

13. The system of claim 8 wherein each converter further comprises,

a switching capacitor means connected across the discharging switch means for storing a stored charge from the respective primary winding during the charging time, and

an absorption capacitor means coupled to the switching capacitor means for absorbing the stored charge from the switching capacitor means for discharging the switching capacitor means to zero volts at the beginning of the discharging time.

14. The system of claim 8 wherein,

each of the blocking means is a diode connected between the respective charging means and the respective primary winding, and

each of the charging and discharging switching means are semiconductor transistors.

15. The system of claim 8 wherein

each of the charging means is a respective inductor,

each of the blocking means is a diode connected between the respective inductor and the respective primary winding,

each of the charging switch means is a respective charging transistor,

each of the discharging switch means is a respective discharging transistor,

each of the converters further comprise a switching capacitor connected across the discharging transistor for storing a stored charge from the respective primary winding during charging time, and

an absorption capacitor connected between the respective charging means and the respective primary winding for absorbing the stored charge from the switching capacitor for discharging the switching capacitor to zero volts at the beginning of the discharging time.

16. The system of claim 8 wherein the plurality of power sources are three-phase AC voltages each full wave rectified to provide the respective converter with a power input.

17. The system of claim 8 wherein the plurality of power sources comprise a rectified AC power source, a battery power source, and a solar power source.