Apparatus and process for producing an image sequence

• US 6,088,527 A
• Filed: 10/15/1996
• Issued: 07/11/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 01/28/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: ZBIG Vision Gesellschaft Fur NEUE Bildgestaltung mbH
• Original Assignee: ZBIG Vision Gesellschaft Fur NEUE Bildgestaltung mbH
• Inventors: Rybczynski, Zbigniew
• Primary Examiner(s): LEE, EDDIE C H
• Application Number:
  US08/732,770
• Time in Patent Office: 1,365 Days
• Field of Search: 352/48, 352/53, 352/90, 352/88, 364/174, 364/185, 364/194, 364/525, 396/1, 396/3, 396/4, 396/5
• US Class Current: 396/1
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 23/695 Control of camera direction for changing a field of view, e.g. pan, tilt or based on tracking of objects
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/222 Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors, or control thereof H04N23/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/272 Means for inserting a foreground image in a background image, i.e. inlay, outlay

Abstract

An apparatus is provided for producing a photographic image sequence showing an apparent movement of a camera in an x-axis direction, with respect to a filmed object, without actual movement of the camera along the x-axis. The apparatus includes

(a) a camera fixed on a mount, which camera is rotatable with respect to the mount in a panning action about a z-axis running through a nodal point of the camera,

(b) a horizontal platform for supporting an object to be filmed, said platform being rotatable about a z-axis running through a center of the platform, the z-axis of the camera rotation and the z-axis of the platform defining a yz plane,

(c) a linear track of defined length for guiding movement of the camera mount along a y-axis lying in the yz plane, and

(d) software for translating a resulting image sequence showing apparent unlimited movement of the camera along the x-axis, with respect to the object to be filmed, into synchronized simultaneous positioning instructions over a time sequence, for only the following three elements:

(a) panning action rotation of the camera,

(b) rotation of the platform and

(c) a linear position of the camera mount along the linear track means in the y-direction only, without actual movement of the camera mount along the x-axis.

Claims

1. Apparatus for producing a photographic image sequence showing an apparent movement of a camera with respect to a filmed object, in xyz space, including an unlimited x-axis component, without actual movement of the camera along the x-axis, comprising

(a) a camera fixed on a mount, which camera is rotatable with respect to the mount in a panning action about a z-axis running through a nodal point of the camera,

(b) a horizontal platform for supporting an object to be filmed, said platform being rotatable about a z-axis running through a center of the platform, the z-axis of the camera rotation and the z-axis of the platform defining a yz plane,

(c) a linear track means of defined length for guiding movement of the camera mount along a y-axis lying in the yz plane, and

(d) means for translating a resulting image sequence showing apparent movement of the camera with respect to the object to be filmed in xyz space, having an unlimited x-axis component, into synchronized simultaneous positioning instructions over a time sequence, for the following three elements:

(a) panning action rotation of the camera,

(b) rotation of the platform and

(c) a linear position of the camera mount along the linear track means in the y-direction only,

without actual movement of the camera mount along the x-axis.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the z-axes of the camera mount and the platform, and the y-axis of the linear track means, are all fixed within the yz plane.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising means for calculating simultaneous positioning data for movement of the camera within the yz plane, based on a resulting image sequence based on an apparent visual movement of the camera with respect to a filmed object in xyz space.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising means for mechanically effecting the simultaneous positioning based on the calculated data.

5. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising means for calculating first simultaneous positioning data for filming a first object in a combined image sequence, and second simultaneous positioning data, different from first positioning data, for separately filming a second object in the combined image sequence, such that the separate image sequences of the first and second objects are combinable to create the combined image sequence as an apparent unified visual movement of the camera with respect to each of the filmed objects in xyz space, wherein the first and second objects occupy separate points in xyz space within the combined image sequence.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising means for calculating data for dividing the combined image sequence in unlimited xyz space into a plurality of separate objects to be filmed, so as to enable separate filming of each separate object to provide a plurality of separate image sequences.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising means for combining the separate image sequences to create the combined image sequence.

8. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising means for calculating data for the relative position and scale of a plurality of separate objects which make up the combined image sequence.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a luminance-controllable lighting means, means for calculating data for lighting parameters for a separate image sequence comprising part of a combined image sequence, and means for automatically effecting changes in lighting during filming the separate image sequence.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for translating a resulting image sequence into synchronized simultaneous positioning instructions over a time sequence comprises computer processing means for calculating the panning action rotation (c_-- pan), rotational position (s_-- rot), and linear position (travel), based on the following formulas:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">travel=scale x.sup.-2 (1)

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">s.sub.-- rot=-arc tan ((board.sub.-- x-cam.sub.-- x)/(board.sub.-- y-cam.sub.-- y)) (2)

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">c.sub.-- pan=s.sub.-- rot+look, (3)

wherein

x_-- cam and y_-- cam define coordinates for an apparent camera location in the x-y plane for aiming the focal point of the camera at an apparent target point in relation to the object to be filmed, the apparent target point having coordinates target_-- x and target_-- y,

look is defined as an apparent degree of pan of the camera between the apparent target point and the y-axis,

wherein

look=arc tan ((target_-- x-cam x)/(target_-- y_-- -cam_-- y)),

and

board_-- x and board_-- y define coordinates in the x-y plane on the rotating platform for location of the object to filmed.

11. A method for producing a photographic image sequence showing an apparent movement of a camera with respect to a filmed object, in xyz space, including an unlimited x-axis component, without actual movement of the camera along the x-axis, comprising

choosing a resulting image sequence comprising an apparent unlimited movement of a camera in the direction of the x-axis with respect to a filmed object, and

synchronizing simultaneous positioning, over a time sequence, of the following:

(a) panning action rotation of a camera about a z-axis running through a nodal point thereof,

(b) rotational position of a support bearing an object to be filmed, with respect to a z-axis running through the support, wherein the z-axes of the camera and the support define a yz plane, and

(c) a linear position of the camera along the y-axis,

so as to translate linear movement of the camera along the y-axis to create the resulting image sequence showing apparent unlimited movement of the camera with respect to a filmed object, in xyz space, including an unlimited x-axis component, without actual movement of the camera in the x-axis direction.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising calculating simultaneous positioning data for movement of the camera within the yz plane, based on a resulting apparent visual movement of the camera with respect to a filmed object in xyz space.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising calculating first simultaneous positioning data for filming a first object in a combined image sequence, and second simultaneous positioning data, different from said first positioning data, for separately filming a second object in the combined image sequence, and combining the separate image sequences of the first and second objects to create the combined image sequence as an apparent unified visual movement of the camera with respect to each of the filmed objects in xyz space, wherein the first and second objects occupy separate points in xyz space within the combined image sequence.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising calculating data for dividing the combined image sequence in unlimited xyz space into a plurality of separate objects to be filmed, so that each separate object is filmed separately to provide a plurality of separate image sequences.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising calculating data for the relative position and scale of a plurality of separate items which make up a desired combined image.

16. The method of claim 13, further comprising combining the separate image sequences to create the desired combined image sequence.

17. The method of claim 11, further comprising mechanically effecting the simultaneous positioning based on the calculated data.

18. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of translating a resulting image sequence into synchronized simultaneous positioning instructions over a time sequence comprises calculating the panning action rotation (c_-- pan), rotational position (s_-- rot), and linear position (travel), based on the following formulas:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">travel=scale x.sup.-2 (1)

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">s.sub.-- rot=-arc tan ((board.sub.-- x-cam.sub.-- x)/(board.sub.-- y-cam.sub.-- y)) (2)

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">c.sub.-- pan=s.sub.-- rot+look, (3)

wherein

x_-- cam and y_-- cam define coordinates for an apparent camera location in the x-y plane for aiming the focal point of the camera at an apparent target point in relation to the object to be filmed, the apparent target point having coordinates target_-- x and target_-- y,

look is defined as an apparent degree of pan of the camera between the apparent target point and the y-axis,

wherein

look=arc tan ((target_-- x-cam_-- x)/(target_-- y_-- -cam_-- y)),

and

board_-- x and board_-- y define coordinates in the x-y plane on the rotating platform for location of the object to filmed.