Narrowband LC folded cascode structure

• US 6,094,084 A
• Filed: 09/04/1998
• Issued: 07/25/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 09/04/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Nortel Networks Corporation
• Inventors: Abou-Allam, Eyad, Manku, Tajinder, Maliepaard, Michael
• Primary Examiner(s): Kim, Jung Ho
• Application Number:
  US09/148,135
• Time in Patent Office: 690 Days
• Field of Search: 327/356, 327/357, 327/359, 327/52, 327/65, 327/77, 327/78, 455/326, 455/333
• US Class Current: 327/359
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 2200/0043 Bias and operating point
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 2200/0084 Lowering the supply voltage and saving power
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 7/1433 using bipolar transistors H03D7/145 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 7/1441 using field-effect transistors H03D7/145 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 7/1458 Double balanced arrangements, i.e. where both input signals are differential
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 7/1491 Arrangements to linearise a transconductance stage of a mixer arrangement
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/223 with MOSFET's
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45296 the AAC comprising one or more discrete capacitive elements, e.g. a transistor coupled as capacitor
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45316 the AAC comprising one or more discrete inductive elements or coils
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45386 the AAC comprising one or more coils in the source circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45501 the CSC comprising a L-C parallel resonance circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45554 the IC comprising one or more coils
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/45192 Folded cascode stages

Abstract

A low voltage cascode frequency conversion mixer circuit is provided. In place of a conventional current source, an LC tank circuit is used. This makes the circuit function as a mixer only over a narrow band of frequencies centred at the resonance frequency of the LC tank circuit. The circuit mixes an input signal with a local oscillator signal. Advantageously, a lower supply voltage may be used because a smaller DC drop exists across the tank circuit than does across conventional current sources. The circuit may also be used as an amplifier by connecting a DC bias voltage in place of the local oscillator.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

a tank circuit having a resonance frequency, having a first end for connection to a first supply terminal and having a second end, the tank circuit consisting of a narrowband complex impedance having a very low DC resistance and having a high impedance in a range of frequency around said resonance frequency;

an n-channel MOS transistor having a gate for receiving a first input signal, and a drain connected to the second end of the tank circuit;

a p-channel MOS transistor having a drain for connection across a load to a second supply terminal, a source connected to the second end of the tank circuit, and a gate for receiving a second input signal;

wherein the apparatus multiplies the second input signal with the first input signal only within said range of frequency.

2. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said tank circuit comprises a capacitor and an inductor connected together in parallel.

3. An apparatus comprising:

a tank circuit having a resonance frequency, having a first end for connection to a first supply terminal and having a second end, the tank circuit consisting of a narrowband complex impedance having a very low DC resistance and having a high impedance in a range of frequency around said resonance frequency;

a first transistor having first, second and third terminals, with the first terminal for receiving a first input signal, and the second terminal connected to the second end of the tank circuit;

a second transistor of complementary type to said first transistor having first, second and third terminals, with the second terminal for connection across a load to a second supply terminal, the third terminal connected to the second end of the tank circuit, and the first terminal for receiving a second input signal;

wherein the apparatus multiplies the second input signal with the first input signal only within said range of frequency.

4. An apparatus according to claim 3 wherein said tank circuit comprises a capacitor and an inductor connected together in parallel.

5. An apparatus according to claim 3 wherein:

said first transistor is an npn bipolar junction transistor having a base, collector and emitter as the first transistor'"'"'s first, second and third terminals respectively; and

said second transistor is an pnp bipolar junction transistor having a base, collector and emitter as the second transistor'"'"'s first, second and third terminals respectively.

6. An apparatus comprising:

a first tank circuit having a very low DC resistance and having a high impedance in a range of frequency around a resonance frequency, and having a first end for connection to a first supply terminal and having a second end;

a second tank circuit having a very low DC resistance and having a high impedance in said range of frequency, and having a first end for connection to the first supply terminal and having a second end;

a first transistor having first, second and third terminals, the second terminal connected to the second end of the first tank circuit, the third terminal for connection to a second supply terminal and the first terminal for receiving a first end of a first differential input signal;

a second transistor of the same type as said first transistor and having first, second and third terminals, the second terminal connected to the second end of the second tank circuit, the third terminal for connection to the second supply terminal, and the first terminal for receiving a second end of said first differential input signal;

a first differential pair of transistors of complementary type to said first and second transistors, and each of the pair having respective first, second and third terminals, the third terminals connected together and to the second end of the first tank circuit, the first terminals for connection to a second differential input signal, one of said second terminals for connection to the second supply terminal through a first load; and

a second differential pair of transistors of the same type as said first differential pair of transistors, and each of the pair having respective first, second and third terminals, the third terminals connected together and to the second end of the second tank circuit, the first terminals of the first differential pair cross-connected with the first terminals of the second differential pair, one of said second terminals for connection to the second supply terminal through a second load;

the second terminals of the first differential pair being cross-connected with the second terminals of the second differential pair.

7. An apparatus according to claim 6 wherein:

said first and second transistors are npn bipolar junction transistors each having a respective base, collector and emitter as the respective first and second transistor'"'"'s first, second and third terminals respectively; and

said first and second differential pairs of transistors are pnp bipolar junction transistor differential pairs of transistors, each pnp transistor in each pair having a base, collector and emitter as its first, second and third terminals respectively.

8. An apparatus according to claim 6 wherein:

said first and second transistors are a n-channel MOS transistors each having a respective gate, drain and source as the respective first and second transistor'"'"'s first, second and third terminals respectively; and

said first and second differential pairs of transistors are p-channel MOS differential pairs of transistors, each transistor in each pair having a base, collector and emitter as its first, second and third terminals respectively.

9. An apparatus according to claim 6 wherein each said tank circuit comprises a respective capacitor and a respective inductor connected together in parallel.

10. An apparatus according to claim 6 further comprising:

a first input matching inductor having a first end for receiving said first end of the first differential input signal and a second end connected to said first terminal of said first transistor and a second input matching inductor having a first end for receiving said second end of the first differential input signal and a second end connected to said first terminal of said second transistor.

11. An apparatus according to claim 6 further comprising:

a first degeneration inductor having a first end for connection to said second supply terminal and a second end connected to said third terminal of the first transistor; and

a second degeneration inductor having a first end for connection to said second supply terminal and a second end connected to said third terminal of the second transistor.

12. An apparatus according to claim 6 further comprising:

a third tank circuit having a very low DC resistance;

wherein the connections of said third terminals of said first and second transistors to the second supply terminal are made through said third tank circuit.

13. An apparatus according to claim 12 wherein each said tank circuit comprises a respective capacitor and a respective inductor connected together in parallel.

14. An apparatus according to claim 7 further comprising a third tank circuit having a very low DC resistance, a first degeneration inductor and a second degeneration inductor;

wherein;

the connection of said third terminal of said first transistor to the second supply terminal is made through the first degeneration inductor and the third tank circuit; and

the connection of said third terminal of said second n-transistor to the second supply terminal is made through the second degeneration inductor and the third tank circuit.

15. An apparatus according to claim 14 further comprising:

a first input matching inductor having a first end for receiving said first end of the first differential input signal and a second end connected to said first terminal of said first transistor and a second input matching inductor having a first end for receiving said second end of the first differential input signal and a second end connected to said first terminal of said second transistor.

16. An apparatus according to claim 15 wherein each said tank circuit comprises a respective capacitor and a respective inductor connected together in parallel.

17. An apparatus according to claim 6 connected to operate as an amplifier having a gain.

18. An apparatus according to claim 17 wherein said first power supply terminal is connected to a positive power supply terminal and said second power supply terminal is connected to a negative power supply terminal, and wherein said second differential signal is a bias DC voltage controlling the gain of the amplifier which is applied to the input signal.

19. An apparatus according to claim 6 connected to operate as a mixer.

20. An apparatus according to claim 19 wherein said first power supply terminal is connected to a positive power supply terminal and said second supply terminal is connected to a negative power supply terminal, and wherein said second differential signal is an alternating signal which is mixed with the input signal.