Combined multi-beam and sector coverage antenna array

• US 6,094,165 A
• Filed: 07/31/1997
• Issued: 07/25/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 07/31/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Nortel Networks Corporation
• Inventors: Smith, Martin Stevens
• Primary Examiner(s): Blum, Theodore M.
• Application Number:
  US08/903,840
• Time in Patent Office: 1,090 Days
• Field of Search: 342/373, 342/361, 342/362, 455/422, 455/424
• US Class Current: 342/373
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0408 using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 16/24 Cell structures
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 16/28 using beam steering

Abstract

A beam forming apparatus and method for forming a plurality of directional beams within a sector, as well as a full sector coverage beam is disclosed, wherein uplink reception diversity is maintained, through provision of a either a single facet antenna or a pair of single facet antennas. Two implementations are disclosed: a first implementation employs orthogonal polarization diversity from a single antenna facet, whereas a second implementation employs space diversity from a pair of spaced apart antenna facets. A first implementation employing polarization diversity comprises an antenna having an array of dipole pairs, dipoles of each pair being positioned orthogonally from each other. The dipole pairs are driven on a downlink, to form a plurality of directional beams having first polarization, and a full sector coverage beam having second polarization. On an uplink, a first plurality of directional beams have first polarity and a second cospatially overlapping set of directional beams have second polarity are formed. A first full sector coverage beam having first polarity spatially overlaps a second full sector beam having second polarity.

Claims

1. A beam former apparatus for a cellular radio base station, said apparatus comprising:

a single antenna comprising a plurality of array elements, said antenna for forming a plurality of directional beams and at least one full sector coverage beam;

a first beam former means operatively coupled to said single antenna for forming said plurality of directional beams and wherein said first beam former means is connected with a plurality of digital channels for carrying said digital channels on said plurality of directional beams; and

a second beam former means operatively coupled to said antenna for forming said at least one full sector coverage beam.

2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first beam former is connected with said plurality of array elements, for forming said plurality of directional beams.

3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second beam former means is connected with a plurality of said array elements for forming a said full sector coverage beam.

4. A beam former apparatus for a cellular radio base station, said apparatus comprising:

a single antenna comprising a plurality of array elements, said antenna for forming a plurality of directional beams and at least one full sector coverage beam;

a first beam former means operatively coupled to said single antenna for forming said plurality of directional beams; and

a second beam former means operatively coupled to said antenna for forming said at least one full sector coverage beam wherein said second beam former means is connected with at least one analogue channels for carrying said at least one analogue channels on said full sector coverage beam.

5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein a said analogue channel comprises a cellular digital packet data (CDPD) analogue channel.

6. A base station apparatus for a cellular radio communications system, said base station apparatus comprising:

a diversity antenna arrangement;

a main full sector beam former arranged for forming at least one main fill sector uplink beam and a main multibeam beam former arranged for forming a plurality of main directional uplink beams, both said full sector beam and said multisector beams being formed from a common array;

a diverse full sector beam former arranged for forming at least one diverse full sector uplink beam and a diverse multibeam beam former arranged for forming a plurality of diverse directional uplink beams, both said full sector beam and said multisector beams being formed from a common array;

wherein said antenna arrangement comprises a plurality of dual polarized elements arranged in an array, said array comprising a single antenna aperture.

7. The base station as claimed in claim 6, wherein said antenna arrangement comprises:

a first array of elements comprising a first antenna aperture; and

a second array of elements comprising a second antenna aperture,

wherein said first and second antenna apertures are spaced apart from each other, forming a space diversity antenna arrangement.

8. The base station as claimed in claim 6, comprising a plurality of amplifiers, operatively coupled between said diversity antenna arrangement and said beam formers.

9. A method of providing beam coverage for a sector of a cellular radio cell area, said method comprising the steps of:

forming a plurality of directional beams in said sector;

forming a full sector coverage beam in said sector;

both said full sector coverage beam and said plurality of directional beams being formed from a common array;

communicating digital communications signals on said plurality of directional beams;

communicating analogue communications signals on said full sector coverage beam.

10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said analogue signals comprise analogue cellular digital packet data (CDPD) signals.

11. A method of providing beam coverage for a cell area of a cellular radio system, said method comprising the steps of:

forming a plurality of main directional beams within said cell area;

forming a main full sector coverage beam within said cell area;

forming a plurality of diverse directional beams within said cell area;

forming a diverse full sector beam within said cell area;

all of said beams being formed from a common array,

wherein said main beams and said diverse beams are distinguished from each other by having different polarizations to each other.

12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein said main beams and said diverse beams are formed from a single antenna aperture.

13. A base station antenna for a cellular radio communication system, said antenna comprising:

an elongate ground plane;

a plurality of dual polarized elements spaced apart from each other, said dual polarized elements situated between said sides of said ground plane;

said antenna being arranged in order to form a plurality of directional beams and at least one full sector beam;

a first beam former means for forming said plurality of directional beams;

a second beam former means for forming said at least one full sector coverage beam.

14. The antenna as claimed in claim 13, wherein each said element is spaced apart from a neighboring said element by a distance in the range 0.3 to 1.0 wavelengths.

15. The antenna as claimed in claim 13, wherein each said element is spaced apart from a neighboring said element by a distance in the range 0.2 to 0.6 wavelengths in a first direction.

16. The antenna as claimed in claim 13, wherein each said element is spaced apart from a neighboring said element by a distance in the range 0.5 to 0.9 wavelengths in a second direction.

17. The antenna as claimed in claim 13 adapted for mounting such that a main length of said elongate ground plane extends substantially vertically.

18. The antenna as claimed in claim 13, wherein each said dual polarized element comprises:

a first dipole; and

a second dipole;

wherein said first dipole extends in a direction transverse to a direction of said second dipole.