Method and apparatus for transmitting user-customized high-quality, low-bit-rate speech

• US 6,094,628 A
• Filed: 02/23/1998
• Issued: 07/25/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 02/23/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Google Technology Holdings LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Schmidt, William George, Haber, William Joe, Kroncke, George Thomas
• Primary Examiner(s): Bost, Dwayne D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): BEAMER, TEMICA M
• Application Number:
  US09/028,111
• Time in Patent Office: 883 Days
• Field of Search: 704/9, 704/201, 704/246, 704/270, 704/500, 455/557, 455/558
• US Class Current: 704/201
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/00 Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis in musical instruments G10H
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 25/00 Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 muting semiconductor-based amplifiers when some special characteristics of a signal are sensed by a speech detector, e.g. sensing when no signal is present, H03G3/34

Abstract

A method and apparatus for improving the quality and transmission rates of speech is presented. Upon connection of a call with a receiving terminal, a communication unit (12, 26, 28, 42, 57, 54, 60) reads a dynamic user-specific speech characteristics model (SCM) table and user-specific input stimulus table and sends them to an appropriate point in the connection path with the receiving terminal. As normal voice conversation begins, the user'"'"'s speech is collected into speech frames. The speech frames are compared to input stimuli entries in the user-specific input stimulus table, and are used to calculate SCMs which are compared to dynamic user-specific SCM table entries in the dynamic user-specific SCM table to generate an encoded bit stream. Simultaneously, speech characteristics statistics are collected and analyzed in view of multiple available generic SCMs to update and improve the dynamic user-specific SCM table during the progress of the call to closely track changes in the user'"'"'s voice.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting high-quality low-bit-rate speech, comprising:

(a) establishing a communications connection with a receiving device;

(b) reading a user-specific speech characteristics model (SCM) table and a user-specific input stimuli table;

(c) sending said user-specific SCM table and said user-specific input stimuli table to said receiving device, said receiving device maintaining a copy of said user-specific SCM table and said user-specific input stimuli table;

(d) receiving speech input from a user;

matching said speech input with an input stimuli table entry from said user-specific input stimuli table;

(e) determining a codeword for an SCM entry from said dynamic user-specific SCM table, said SCM entry being mapped to said input stimuli table entry;

(f) transmitting said codeword to said receiving device;

(g) reading a plurality of generic speech characteristics models (SCMs);

(h) calculating a plurality of calculated SCMs, each calculated based on a different one of said plurality of generic SCMs;

(i) choosing a chosen calculated SCM from among said calculated SCMs which produces efficient encoding and meets minimum error rate requirements;

(j) processing said chosen calculated SCM to determine whether to update said dynamic user-specific SCM table and or said user-specific input stimuli table with changes;

(k) updating said dynamic user-specific SCM table and or said user-specific input stimuli table with said changes if it is determined that said changes are proper; and

(l) sending said changes to said receiving device, said receiving device updating said copy of said user-specific SCM table and said user-specific input stimuli table with said changes.

2. A method in accordance with claim 1, comprising:

reading said user-specific SCM table and said user-specific input stimuli table from a user information card (SIM card) upon which said user-specific SCM table and said user-specific input stimuli table are stored.

3. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein:

said processing step comprises;

processing said speech input to generate new speech characteristics statistics;

comparing said new speech characteristics statistics with old speech characteristics statistics generated from said user-specific SCM table to determine any differences between said new speech characteristics statistics and said old speech characteristics statistics;

determining whether said differences are significant enough to require updating said user-specific SCM table and or said user-specific input stimuli table;

providing an indication if said changes should be updated to said user-specific SCM table and or said user-specific input stimuli table.

4. A method in accordance with claim 3, wherein:

said step for processing said speech input to generate new speech characteristics statistics comprises;

matching said speech input to a closest matching entry in each of one or more generic speech characteristic models (SCMs) comprising a plurality of generic SCM entries, said plurality of generic SCM entries covering a range of different speech characteristics of a plurality of different speakers;

determining which closest matching entry generates a most efficient encoding while meeting a minimum error rate specification;

including said closest matching entry in said new speech characteristics.

5. A communication unit operable for communicating in a telecommunications system, comprising:

means for reading a generic speech characteristics model (SCM) comprising a plurality of generic SCM entries, said plurality of generic SCM entries covering a range of different speech characteristics of a plurality of different speakers;

means for accessing a dynamic user-specific speech cavity model (SCM) table comprising a plurality of user-specific SCM table entries each comprising one of said generic SCM entries which model a speech characteristic employed by a user of said communication unit;

means for accessing a user-specific input stimuli table comprising a plurality of input stimuli entries each comprising a speech frame representing a speech pattern employed by said user and each mapping to a user-specific SCM table entry in said dynamic user-specific SCM table;

a transceiver operable to transmit and receive signals;

speech input means operable to receive an input speech pattern frcm said user;

a vocoder processor operable to convert said input speech pattern to an input speech frame;

control means operable to send said user-specific input stimuli table and said user-specific input stimuli table to a receiving communications unit during a call setup, and to decode said input speech frame, match said decoded input speech frame to a matching input stimuli table entry in said input stimuli table, calculate a calculated SCM for said speech frame using at least two of said generic SCMs, determine which of said calculated SCMs generates a most efficient encoding while maintaining a minimum error rate, match said most efficient calculated SCM to a matching user-specific SCM table entry in said dynamic user-specific SCM table, encode said matching user-specific SCM table entry to a pre-determined compressed code, process new speech pattern information based on said input speech frame and said most efficient calculated SCM, compare said new speech pattern information with old speech pattern information, determine if table updates need to be made to said dynamic user-specific SCM table and or said user-specific input stimuli table, and to send said compressed code, and said table updates if it is determined that said table updates need to be made, to said transceiver for transmission.

6. A communication unit in accordance with claim 5, comprising:

audio output means for converting digital speech patterns to audio output speech wherein;

said transceiver is operable to receive a received compressed code;

said control means is operable to match said received compressed code with a matching receiving unit SCM table entry and to look up a matching receiving unit input stimuli entry comprising a received speech frame which said matching receiving unit SCM table entry is mapped to;

said vocoder processor is operable to receive and convert said received speech frame to a received speech pattern; and

said audio output means is operable to convert said received speech pattern to an audio output signal.

7. A communication unit in accordance with claim 6, comprising:

control means which sends said user-specific input stimuli table and said user-specific input stimuli table to said receiving communications unit during a call setup, decodes said input speech frame, matches said decoded input speech frame to a matching input stimuli table entry in said input stimuli table, locates a matching user-specific SCM table entry in said dynamic user-specific SCM table which said matching input stimuli table entry is mapped to, encodes said matching user-specific SCM table entry to a pre-determined compressed code, and sends said compressed code to said transceiver for transmission to a receiving unit;

means for reading a generic speech characteristics model (SCM) comprising a plurality of generic SCM entries, said plurality of generic SCM entries covering a range of different speech characteristics of a plurality of different speakers;

means for accessing a dynamic user-specific speech cavity model (SCM) table comprising a plurality of user-specific SCM table entries each comprising one of said generic SCM entries which model a speech characteristic employed by a user of said communication unit;

means for accessing a user-specific input stimuli table comprising a plurality of input stimuli entries each comprising a speech frame representing a speech pattern employed by said user and each mapping to a user-specific SCM table entry in said dynamic user-specific SCM table;

a transceiver operable to transmit signals to a receiving communications unit and to receive signals from said receiving unit;

speech input means which receives an input speech pattern from said user;

a vocoder processor which converts said input speech pattern to an input speech frame;

control means which sends said user-specific input stimuli table and said user-specific input stimuli table to said receiving communications unit during a call setup, decodes said input speech frame, matches said decoded input speech frame to a matching input stimuli table entry in said input stimuli table, locates a matching user-specific SCM table entry in said dynamic user-specific SCM table which said matching input stimuli table entry is mapped to, encodes said matching user-specific SCM table entry to a pre-determined compressed code, and sends said compressed code to said transceiver for transmission to said receiving unit; and

said control means calculating new speech pattern information based on said input speech frame, comparing said new speech pattern information with old speech pattern information, determining if table updates need to be made to said dynamic user-specific SCM table and or said user-specific input stimuli table, updating said dynamic user-specific SCM table and or said user-specific input stimuli table with said table updates and sending said table updates to said transceiver for transmission to said receiving unit for said receiving unit to enter said table updates in its copy of said dynamic user-specific SCM table and or said user-specific input stimuli table if said control means determines that said table updates need to be made.

8. A communication unit in accordance with claim 5, comprising:

user interface means which receives call setup input from said user and generates a call setup command; and

wherein said control means is responsive to said call setup command to cause said transceiver to connect to said receiving communications unit and to send said user-specific input stimuli table and said user-specific input stimuli table to said receiving communications unit.

9. A communication unit in accordance with claim 5, comprising:

a memory for storing said dynamic user-specific SCM table and said user-specific input stimuli table.

10. A communication unit in accordance with claim 9, wherein:

said memory stores said generic SCM.

11. A SIM card for a subscriber unit operable for communicating in a telecommunications system, comprising:

a plurality of generic speech characteristics models (SCMs) comprising a plurality of generic SCM entries, said plurality of generic SCM entries covering a range of different speech characteristics of a plurality of different speakers;

a dynamic user-specific speech cavity model (SCM) table comprising a plurality of user-specific SCM table entries each comprising one of said generic SCM entries which model a speech characteristic employed by a user of said subscriber unit; and

a user-specific input stimuli table comprising a plurality of input stimuli entries each representing a speech pattern employed by said user and each mapping to a user-specific SCM table entry in said dynamic user-specific SCM table;

wherein said subscriber unit is operable to send said user-specific SCM table and said user-specific input stimuli table to a receiving unit, receive speech patterns input by said user, lookup a matching input stimuli table entry in said input stimuli table, locate a matching user-specific SCM table entry which said matching input stimuli table entry is mapped to, encode said matching user-specific SCM table entry to a compressed code, and send said compressed code to said receiving unit.

12. A SIM card in accordance with claim 11, wherein:

said dynamic user-specific SCM table is sorted according to frequency of occurrence.

13. A SIM card in accordance with claim 12, wherein:

said dynamic user-specific SCM table is sorted using a Huffman compression technique.

14. A SIM card in accordance with claim 12, wherein:

said input stimuli lookup table is sorted according to frequency of occurrence.

15. A SIM card in accordance with claim 14, wherein:

said input stimuli is sorted using a compression technique.

16. A SIM card in accordance with claim 14, wherein:

said input stimuli is sorted using a Huffman compression technique.