Ventilator triggering device

• US 6,095,140 A
• Filed: 04/09/1998
• Issued: 08/01/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 04/09/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Kolandaivelu, Kumaran, Poon, Chi-Sang
• Primary Examiner(s): Weiss, John G.
• Assistant Examiner(s): SRIVASTAVA, VIRENDRA KUMAR
• Application Number:
  US09/058,369
• Time in Patent Office: 845 Days
• Field of Search: 128/204.26, 128/204.21, 128/204.24, 128/204.18, 128/205.24, 128/207.16, 128/207.12, 128/204.23, 128/203.12, 128/205.13, 128/202.2 2, 137/540
• US Class Current: 128/204.26
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/08 Bellows; Connecting tubes having means for taking samples G01N1/22; Water traps; Patient circuits
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0833 T- or Y-type connectors, e.g. Y-piece
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0858 Pressure sampling ports
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/208 Non-controlled one-way valves, e.g. exhalation, check, pop-off non-rebreathing valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0021 with a proportional output signal, e.g. from a thermistor

Abstract

A device for triggering the inspiratory phase of a ventilator having a three-way connector with an inspiratory conduit and an expiratory conduit, each communicating with the ventilator and with a patient communicating conduit. A valve arrangement associated with both the expiratory and inspiratory conduits are automatically operated by a patient attempting to breathe, such that the patient is only exposed to the air volume in the three-way connector and not to the greater air volume of the ventilator and its connected tubing.

Claims

1. A system for triggering insufflation by a pressure-driven or continuous-flow ventilator comprising:

a) a connector including;

i) an inspiratory conduit which is coupled to an inspiratory valve of the ventilator,

ii) an expiratory conduit which is coupled to an expiratory valve of the ventilator, and

iii) a patient-connecting conduit which is coupled to a breathing passage of a patient;

b) a one-way expiratory valve disposed in the expiratory conduit which is moveable from a closed position to an open position responsive to exhalation of the patient through the patient-connecting conduit, whereby the patient'"'"'s breath passes through the one-way expiratory valve to the ventilator when the respirator is in an expiratory mode;

c) a variable pressure inspiratory check valve disposed in the inspiratory conduit, said inspiratory check valve including means for adjusting the valve cracking pressure to selectively allow said inspiratory check valve to be moveable between an open position, wherein fluid communication is provided between the patient-connecting conduit and the inspiratory valve, and a closed position, wherein the inspiratory check valve seals the patient-connecting conduit from the inspiratory valve, for both pressure-driven flow and continuous flow; and

d) an air tap disposed at a portion of the connector which is between the one-way expiratory valve and the inspiratory check valve and which is coupled to the ventilator, and responsive to voluntary inhalation by the patient to move the one-way expiratory valve and the inspiratory check valve from their open positions to their closed positions to cause pressure within the connector and in the air tap to diminish in an amount sufficient to trigger the ventilator to shift from an expiratory mode to an inspiratory mode, in which the expiratory valve closes and the inspiratory valve opens, and in which air is directed from the ventilator through the inspiratory valve to force the inspiratory check valve from the closed position to the open position, thereby causing insufflation of the patient by the ventilator.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein said inspiratory check valve comprises a spring loaded plunger which interacts with an aperture and is moveable between open and closed positions to provide fluid communication between the patient-connecting conduit and the inspiratory valve when the plunger is in the open position, and to seal the patient-connecting conduit from the inspiratory valve when the plunger is in the closed position.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein said adjusting means comprises an outer casing on said inspiratory conduit which is moveable so as to compress and expand the interaction between said plunger and said aperture.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein said adjusting means is utilized to adjust trigger sensitivity and making compensations for positive end expiratory pressures.

5. The system of claim 3, wherein said one-way expiratory valve includes an apertured diaphragm engageable with an apertured disc.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein said ventilator comprises a pressure driven ventilator.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein said ventilator comprises a continuous flow ventilator.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein said inspiratory and expiratory conduits and said air tap are coupled to said ventilator through a high flow junction.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein said high flow junction is coupled to said ventilator through a high flow inspiratory line, an expiratory line and a tap line.

10. The system of claim 8, wherein in response to the pressure in said connector being equal to being equal to said cracking pressure, said ventilator assists patient breathing and retaining said inspiratory check valve open.