Chemical component recovery from ligated-metals

• US 6,096,109 A
• Filed: 01/18/1996
• Issued: 08/01/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 01/18/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Quantum Catalytics LLC
• Original Assignee: Molten Metal Technology Incorporated
• Inventors: Bach, Robert D., Nagel, Christopher J.
• Primary Examiner(s): MAI, NGOCLAN THI
• Application Number:
  US08/588,603
• Time in Patent Office: 1,657 Days
• Field of Search: 423/249, 423/257, 423/258, 423/490, 423/499.1, 204/157.4, 204/157.41, 204/157.44, 75/10.13, 75/10.15, 75/10.18, 75/10.2, 75/10.21, 75/10.22, 75/10.1
• US Class Current: 75/10.1
• CPC Class Codes: C22B 4/005 using plasma jets smelting, remelting, refining of metals using a plasma as heat source C22B9/22; generating or handling plasma in general H05H1/00; gas-filled discharge tubes for processing materials in general H01J37/32
• CPC Class Codes: C22B 5/12 by gases
• CPC Class Codes: C22B 7/002 by treating with halogens, sulfur or compounds thereof; by carburising, by treating with hydrogen (hydriding)
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/20 Recycling

Abstract

A method for converting a ligated-metal into chemical components of the ligated-metal includes forming an ionized zone that can convert the ligated-metal to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate. The ligated-metal is directed into the ionized zone, whereby the ligated-metal is converted to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate, thereby causing a thermodynamically stable metal-ligand bond of the ligated-metal to be electronically destabilized and inducing subsequent metal-ligand bond rupture. The reduced ligated-metal intermediate is converted by the metal-ligand bond rupture into chemical components of the ligated-metal. Ligated-metals that are suitable for processing by the method of the invention include, for example: uranium hexafluoride (UF₆); sodium chloride (NaCl); and metal halides, such as iron trichloride (FeCl₃). Chemical components that can be recovered from the ligated-metal include, for example, metals and gases derived from the ligand component of the ligated-metals.

Claims

1. A method for converting a ligated-metal of a ligated-metal feed into chemical components of the ligated-metal, comprising the steps of:

a) forming an ionized zone by exposing a gas to an ionizing agent, wherein the ionizing agent is in a form selected from a group consisting of and a magnetic field, and wherein the ionized zone can convert said ligated-metal to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate; and

b) directing the ligated-metal feed into the ionized zone, whereby said ligated-metal is converted to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate, thereby causing a thermodynamically stable metal-ligand bond of said ligated-metal to be electronically destabilized and inducing subsequent metal-ligand bond rupture, said reduced ligated-metal intermediate being converted by the metal-ligand bond rupture into chemical components of said ligated-metal.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the ionizing agent is in the form of heat.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the ionizing agent is in the form of a magnetic field.

4. A method for converting a ligated-metal of a ligated-metal feed into chemical components of the ligated-metal, comprising the steps of:

a) forming an ionized zone by forming a source of electrons by combining dissimilar metals, wherein the ionized zone can convert said ligated-metal to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate; and

b) directing the ligated-metal feed into the ionized zone, whereby said ligated-metal is converted to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate, thereby causing a thermodynamically stable metal-ligand bond of said ligated-metal to be electronically destabilized and inducing subsequent metal-ligand bond rupture, said reduced ligated-metal intermediate being converted by the metal-ligand bond rupture into chemical components of said ligated-metal.

5. A method for converting a ligated-metal of a ligated-metal feed into chemical components of the ligated-metal, comprising the steps of:

a) forming an ionized zone that can convert said ligated-metal to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate; and

b) directing the ligated-metal feed into the ionized zone, whereby said ligated-metal is converted to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate, thereby causing a thermodynamically stable metal-ligand bond of said ligated-metal to be electronically destabilized producing a primary chain carrier that induces a chain reaction and inducing subsequent metal-ligand bond rupture, said reduced ligated-metal intermediate being converted by the metal-ligand bond rupture into chemical components of said ligated-metal.

6. A method of claim 5 where the chain reaction induced has a kinetic chain length greater than about 10.

7. A method of claim 5 where the primary chain carrier is a charged species generated in situ.

8. A method of claim 5 where the primary chain carrier is a charged metal.

9. A method of claim 5 where the primary chain carrier is a charged halide.

10. A method of claim 5 where the primary chain carrier is a charged metal halide.

11. A method of claim 5 where the primary chain carrier is a charged salt.

12. A method of claim 5 where the primary chain carrier is metastable.

13. A method of claim 5 wherein the chain reaction in turn induces a free radical chain reaction that employs a primary radical chain carrier.

14. A method of claim 13 where the radical chain reaction induced has a kinetic chain length greater than about 10.

15. A method of claim 13 where the radical chain reaction induced has a kinetic chain length greater than about 50.

16. A method of claim 13 where the primary chain carrier is an open shell species generated in situ.

17. A method of claim 13 where the primary radical chain carrier is a metal.

18. A method of claim 13 where the primary radical chain carrier is a halide.

19. A method of claim 13 where the primary radical chain carrier is a salt.

20. A method of claim 13 where the primary radical chain carrier is metastable.

21. A method for converting a ligated-metal of a ligated-metal feed into chemical components of the ligated-metal, comprising the steps of:

a) forming an ionized zone that can convert said ligated-metal to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate;

b) directing the ligated-metal feed into the ionized zone, whereby said ligated-metal is converted to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate, thereby causing a thermodynamically stable metal-ligand bond of said ligated-metal to be electronically destabilized and inducing subsequent metal-ligand bond rupture, said reduced ligated-metal intermediate being converted by the metal-ligand bond rupture into chemical components of said ligated-metal; and

c) separating at least one of the chemical components from the ionization zone, wherein the separated chemical component is a radioactive element in its elemental state.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein the radioactive element includes an actinide.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein the radioactive element includes uranium.

24. A method for converting a ligated-metal of a ligated-metal feed into chemical components of the ligated-metal, comprising the steps of:

a) forming an ionized zone that can convert said ligated-metal to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate;

b) directing the ligated-metal feed into the ionized zone, whereby said ligated-metal is converted to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate, thereby causing a thermodynamically stable metal-ligand bond of said ligated-metal to be electronically destabilized and inducing subsequent metal-ligand bond rupture, said reduced ligated-metal intermediate being converted by the metal-ligand bond rupture into chemical components of said ligated-metal; and

c) separating at least one of the chemical components from the ionization zone, wherein the separated chemical component is a transition metal in its elemental state.

25. The method of claim 24 wherein the metal includes iron.

26. The method of claim 24 wherein the metal includes nickel.

27. A method for converting a ligated-metal of a ligated-metal feed into chemical components of the ligated-metal, comprising the steps of:

a) forming an ionized zone by ionizing a gas, wherein the gas that is ionized includes an elemental component that is common to the ligated-metal feed, and wherein the ionized zone can convert said ligated-metal to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate; and

b) directing the ligated-metal feed into the ionized zone, whereby said ligated-metal is converted to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate, thereby causing a thermodynamically stable metal-ligand bond of said ligated-metal to be electronically destabilized and inducing subsequent metal-ligand bond rupture, said reduced ligated-metal intermediate being converted by the metal-ligand bond rupture into chemical components of said ligated-metal.

28. The method of claim 27 further including the step of separating the gas from the ionized zone.

29. The method of claim 28 further including the step of returning a portion of the separated gas to the ionized zone.

30. A method for converting a ligated-metal of a ligated-metal feed into chemical components of the ligated-metal, comprising the steps of:

a) forming an ionized zone by ionizing the ligated-metal feed, wherein the ionized ligated-metal feed includes a cation, and wherein the ionized zone can convert said ligated-metal to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate, and

b) directing the ligated-metal feed into the ionized zone, whereby said ligated-metal is converted to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate, thereby causing a thermodynamically stable metal-ligand bond of said ligated-metal to be electronically destabilized and inducing subsequent metal-ligand bond rupture, said reduced ligated-metal intermediate being converted by the metal-ligand bond rupture into chemical components of said ligated-metal.

31. A method for converting a ligated-metal of a ligated-metal feed into chemical components of the ligated-metal, comprising the steps of:

a) forming an ionized zone by ionizing the ligated-metal feed, wherein the ionized ligated-metal feed includes an anion, and wherein the ionized zone can convert said ligated-metal to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate; and

directing the ligated-metal feed into the ionized zone, whereby said ligated-metal is converted to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate, thereby causing a thermodynamically stable metal-ligand bond of said ligated-metal to be electronically destabilized and inducing subsequent metal-ligand bond rupture, said reduced ligated-metal intermediate being coverted by the metal-ligand bond rupture into chemical components of said ligated-metal.

32. A method for converting a ligated-metal of a ligated-metal feed into chemical components of the ligated-metal, comprising the steps of:

a) forming an ionized zone by ionizing a gas to form an ionized gas component that can dissociate the chemical component from the ligated-metal feed, wherein the ionized zone can convert said ligated-metal to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate, and wherein the ionization potential of the ionizing gas and ligated-metal feed are about equal; and

b) directing the ligated-metal feed into the ionized zone, whereby said ligated-metal is converted to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate, thereby causing a thermodynamically stable metal-ligand bond of said ligated-metal to be electronically destabilized and inducing subsequent metal-ligand bond rupture, said reduced ligated-metal intermediate being converted by the metal-ligand bond rupture into chemical components of said ligated-metal.

33. The method of claim 32 wherein the difference between the ionization potential of the ionizing gas and the ionization potential of the ligated-metal feed is less than about two electron volts.

34. A method for converting a ligated-metal of a ligated-metal feed into chemical components of the ligated-metal, comprising the steps of:

a) forming an ionized zone by ionizing a halogen gas to form an ionized gas component that can dissociate the chemical component from the ligated-metal feed, wherein the ionized zone can convert said ligated-metal to a reduced liaated-metal intermediate; and

b) directing the ligated-metal feed into the ionized zone, whereby said ligated-metal is converted to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate, thereby causing a thermodynamically stable metal-ligand bond of said ligated-metal to be electronically destabilized and inducing subsequent metal-ligand bond rupture, said reduced ligated-metal intermediate being converted by the metal-ligand bond rupture into chemical components of said ligated-metal.

35. The method of claim 34 wherein the halogen gas includes chlorine gas.

36. The method of claim 34 wherein the halogen gas includes fluorine gas.

37. A method for converting a ligated-metal of a ligated-metal feed into chemical components of the ligated-metal, comprising the steps of:

a) forming an ionized zone that can convert said ligated-metal to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate; and

b) directing the ligated-metal feed into the ionized zone, whereby said ligated-metal is converted to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate, thereby causing a thermodynamically stable metal-ligand bond of said ligated-metal to be electronically destabilized and inducing subsequent metal-ligand bond rupture, said reduced ligated-metal intermediate being converted by the metal-ligand bond rupture into chemical components of said ligated-metal, wherein the ligated-metal feed includes a composition selected from the group consisting of an actinide metal halide, a metal oxide, a metal sulfide, iron chloride, nickel chloride, iron oxide, and copper sulfide.

38. The method of claim 37 wherein the ligated-metal feed includes an actinide metal halide.

39. The method of claim 38 wherein the ligated-metal feed includes uranium.

40. The method of claim 37 wherein the ligated-metal feed includes a metal oxide.

41. The method of claim 37 wherein the ligated-metal feed includes a metal sulfide.

42. The method of claim 37 wherein the ligated-metal feed includes an iron chloride.

43. The method of claim 37 wherein the ligated-metal feed includes nickel chloride.

44. The method of claim 37 wherein the ligated-metal feed includes iron oxide.

45. The method of claim 37 wherein the ligated-metal feed includes copper sulfide.

46. A method for converting a ligated-metal of a ligated-metal feed into chemical components of the ligated-metal, comprising the steps of:

a) forming an ionized zone that can convert said ligated-metal to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate; and

b) directing the ligated-metal feed into the ionized zone, whereby said ligated-metal is converted to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate, thereby causing a thermodynamically stable metal-ligand bond of said ligated-metal to be electronically destabilized and inducing subsequent metal-ligand bond rupture, said reduced ligated-metal intermediate being converted by the metal-ligand bond rupture into chemical components of said ligated-metal, wherein the ligated-metal feed includes a ligand component including a composition selected from the group consisting of an oxyhalide, a nitride, an oxide, a sulfide, --CN. --OCN.--SCN. --SeCN. and --N₃.

47. The method of claim 46 wherein a ligand component of the ligated-metal feed includes an oxyhalide.

48. A method of claim 46 wherein a ligand component of the ligated-metal feed includes a nitrate.

49. A method of claim 46 wherein a ligand component of the ligated-metal feed includes an oxide.

50. A method of claim 46 wherein a ligand component of the ligated-metal feed includes a sulfide.

51. A method of claim 46 wherein a ligand component of the ligated-metal feed includes a component selected from the group consisting of --CN, --OCN, --SCN, --SeCN, and --N₃.

52. A method for recovering an elemental metal from a ligated-metal waste, comprising the steps of:

a) ionizing a gas within a reactor to form an ionized gas component that can reduce a metal of the ligated-metal waste to form an elemental metal precipitate; and

b) directing the ligated-metal waste into the reactor, whereby the ionized gas component reduces the metal of said ligated-metal waste to form the elemental metal precipitate, thereby recovering the elemental metal from the ligated-metal waste, wherein the ligated metal waste includes iron chloride.

54. The method of claim 52 wherein chlorine gas is discharged from the reactor and a portion of the discharged chlorine gas in recycled back to the reactor for subsequent ionization.

53. A method for recovering an elemental metal from a ligated-metal waste, comprising the steps of:

a) ionizing chlorine gas within a reactor to form an ionized gas component that can reduce a metal of the ligated-metal waste to form an elemental metal precipitate; and

b) directing the ligated-metal waste into the reactor, whereby the ionized gas component reduces the metal of said ligated-metal waste to form the elemental metal precipitate, thereby recovering the elemental metal from the ligated-metal waste.