Supports incorporating vertical cavity emitting lasers and tracking apparatus for use in combinatorial synthesis

• US 6,096,496 A
• Filed: 06/19/1997
• Issued: 08/01/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 06/19/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Robert D. Frankel
• Original Assignee: Robert D. Frankel
• Inventors: Frankel, Robert D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Adams, Donald E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ricigliano, Joseph W.
• Application Number:
  US08/879,298
• Time in Patent Office: 1,139 Days
• Field of Search: 435/4, 435/6, 435/7.1, 435/DIG. 45, 435/DIG. 41, 436/518, 436/501, 365/129, 365/174, 365/151, 365/153, 422/55
• US Class Current: 506/31
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0046 Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays synthesis methods per se C40B50/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/005 Beads
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00565 Electromagnetic means
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 70/00 Tags or labels specially adapted for combinatorial chemistry or libraries, e.g. fluorescent tags or bar codes
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/6463 Optics
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6428 Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" in vivo A61B5/00; immunoassay G01N33/53
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6452 Individual samples arranged in a regular 2D-array, e.g. multiwell plates
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 50/85 Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 50/852 comprising a resonant cavity structure, e.g. Bragg reflector pair

Abstract

A combinatorial chemistry bead that includes an electromagnetic spectral emitter that radiates a distinct electromagnetic code for each bead that uniquely identifies each bead, a terminal apparatus for receiving the electromagnetic code from each bead, and a method for performing combinatorial synthesis using a bead that transmits a distinct electromagnetic code. The invention includes a large number of spectrally narrowed light emitting mechanisms for generating distinct optical codes.

Claims

1. Improved synthesis beads for use in combinatorial synthesis processes that includes at least one bead sorting step, wherein said beads include;

(a.) a region on which is disposed a growth matrix,

(b.) a molecular anchoring site attached to said growth matrix and

(c.) a photoemissive region;

wherein the improvement comprises a plurality of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers in said photoemissive region for radiating electromagnetic radiation over each of a plurality of different predetermined wavelength bands, said wavelength bands being sufficiently narrow to allow said wavelength bands to be distinguished from one another when said lasers are emitting radiation simultaneously, whereby the application of electromagnetic radiation to said beads sufficient to stimulate simultaneous lasing activity in said surface emitting lasers, when used in connection with at least one bead sorting step, causes said surface emitting lasers to emit a predetermined combination of wavelength bands that allows a bead to be distinguished from a plurality of other beads that emit electromagnetic radiation at different combinations of wavelength bands.

2. A bead as set forth in claim 1 in which said bead further includes scattering means for scattering the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the lasers thereof.

3. A bead as set forth in claim 1 in which the widths of said wavelength bands are at most approximately 50 nm.

4. A bead as set forth in claim 1 further including photoelectric means for receiving electromagnetic radiation applied to said beads and generating from the latter radiation to a voltage sufficient to stimulate lasing activity in the lasers of said bead.

5. A bead as set forth in claim 1 in which the electromagnetic radiation applied to said bead during said at least one sorting step, and the electromagnetic radiation emitted by said lasers all have wavelengths that are included in the band of wavelengths that extends from the near infrared to the near ultraviolet of the electromagnetic spectrum.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 further including a terminal apparatus that includes radiation emitting means for successively applying, to each of a plurality of said beads, electromagnetic radiation sufficient to stimulate lasing activity in the lasers thereof, radiation detecting means for successively detecting the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the lasers of said beads, and identifying means responsive to said detecting means for distinguishing said beads from one another on the basis of the combinations of wavelength bands emitted by the lasers thereof.

7. An improved apparatus for use in combinatorial chemistry including:

(a.) a terminal apparatus including;

(i.) radiation emitting means for applying electromagnetic radiation to a plurality of mobile transport beads,

(ii.) radiation detecting means for detecting electromagnetic radiation emitted by said beads and

(iii.) identifying means responsive to said detecting means for distinguishing said beads based on the wavelength bands of the electromagnetic radiation emitted thereby;

(b.) mobile transport beads, each bead including;

(i.) a region on which is disposed a growth matrix,

(ii.) a molecular anchoring site attached to said growth matrix and

(iii.) a photoemissive region;

wherein the improvement comprises a plurality of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers in said photoemissive region for radiating electromagnetic radiation over each of a plurality of different predetermined wavelength bands, said wavelength bands being sufficiently narrow to allow said wavelength bands to be distinguished from one another when said lasers are emitting radiation simultaneously, whereby the application of electromagnetic radiation to said beads sufficient to stimulate simultaneous lasing activity in said surface emitting lasers, when used in connection with at least one bead sorting step, causes said surface emitting lasers to emit a predetermined combination of wavelength bands that allows a bead to be distinguished from a plurality of other beads that emit electromagnetic radiation at different combinations of wavelength bands.

8. An apparatus as set forth in claim 7 in which the wavelengths at which said stimulating electromagnetic radiation is emitted do not include wavelengths that fall within said plurality of predetermined different respective wavelength bands.

9. An apparatus as set forth in claim 7 in which said beads further include scattering means for scattering the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the lasers thereof, whereby said radiation detecting means may detect the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the lasers of said beads without regard to the orientation of said beads with respect to said terminal apparatus.

10. An apparatus as set forth in claim 7 in which the widths of said wavelength bands are at most approximately 50 nm.

11. An apparatus as set forth in claim 7 in which each of said beads further includes photoelectric means for receiving said stimulating electromagnetic radiation and for generating therefrom a voltage sufficient to stimulate lasing activity in the lasers of that bead.

12. An apparatus as set forth in claim 7 in which the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the lasers of said beads all have wavelengths that extend from the near infrared to the near ultraviolet of the electromagnetic spectrum.