Argument structure hierarchy system and method for facilitating analysis and decision-making processes

• US 6,098,062 A
• Filed: 01/17/1997
• Issued: 08/01/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 01/17/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Terry Janssen
• Original Assignee: Terry Janssen
• Inventors: Janssen, Terry
• Primary Examiner(s): Fetting, Anton W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Shah, Sanjiv
• Application Number:
  US08/786,397
• Time in Patent Office: 1,292 Days
• Field of Search: 706/59, 706/61, 706/50, 706/47, 706/48
• US Class Current: 706/59
• CPC Class Codes: G06N 5/022 Knowledge engineering; Knowledge acquisition
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/06 Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling

Abstract

A system and method for facilitating decision-making comprising a computer program causing linkage of data representing a plurality of argument structure units into a hierarchical argument structure. Each argument structure unit comprises data corresponding to a hypothesis and its corresponding counter-hypothesis, data corresponding to grounds that provide a basis for inference of the hypothesis or its corresponding counter-hypothesis, data corresponding to a warrant linking the grounds to the hypothesis or its corresponding counter-hypothesis, and data corresponding to backing that certifies the warrant. The hierarchical argument structure comprises a top level argument structure unit and a plurality of subordinate level argument structure units. Each of the plurality of subordinate argument structure units comprises at least a portion of the grounds of the argument structure unit to which it is subordinate. Program code located on each of a plurality of remote computers accepts input from one of a plurality of contributors. Each input comprises data corresponding to an argument structure unit in the hierarchical argument structure and supports the hypothesis or its corresponding counter-hypothesis. A second programming code is adapted to combine the inputs into a single hierarchical argument structure. A third computer program code is responsive to the second computer program code and is adapted to represent a degree of support for the hypothesis and its corresponding counter-hypothesis in the single hierarchical argument structure.

Claims

1. A system for facilitating a decision-making process comprising:

a first computer having the computer readable program code means embodied on the first computer readable medium comprising;

a first program code means for linking of a plurality of argument structure units into single hierarchial argument structure, wherein each of said argument structure unit includes data corresponding to a hypothesis and its corresponding counter-hypothesis;

a second computer program code means for accepting inputs from a plurality of contributors and augmenting said inputs into said single hierarchial argument structure, wherein each input comprises data corresponding to at least one argument structure unit and that supports at least one of said hypothesis and the corresponding counter-hypothesis thereof;

a third computer program means responsive to said second computer program code means and adapted to represent a degree of support for said hypothesis and said corresponding counter-hypothesis in said single hierarchial argument structure; and

a fourth computer readable program code means responsive to said third computer readable program code means and adapted to visually display said degree of support for and against each claim in said single hierarchy;

a plurality of contributor input programming means each stored in a computer readable medium located on one of a plurality of computers remote from said first computer, wherein each of said contributor input programming means comprises;

programming means for accepting contributor input data from one of the plurality of contributors, wherein each input comprises data corresponding to at least one argument structure unit that supports at least one of said hypothesis and the corresponding counter-hypothesis thereof,

and wherein said contributor input data are provided to said second computer program code means for combining into said single hierarchial argument structure.

2. The invention of claim 1 wherein said plurality of argument structure units comprises:

a top level argument structure unit; and

a plurality of subordinate level argument structure units, wherein each one of said plurality of subordinate level argument structure units comprises at least a portion of the grounds of an argument structure unit to which said one of said plurality of subordinate level argument structure units is subordinate.

3. The invention of claim 1 wherein each one of said plurality of argument structure units comprises:

data corresponding to a hypothesis and its corresponding counter-hypothesis;

data corresponding to grounds that provide a basis for inference of one of the hypothesis and its corresponding counter-hypothesis;

data corresponding to a warrant linking said grounds to one of said hypothesis and its corresponding counter-hypothesis;

data corresponding to backing that certifies said warrant; and

data corresponding to grounds that provide a basis for inference of one of the hypothesis and its corresponding counter-hypothesis.

4. The invention of claim 1 wherein said input further comprises:

data indicating a geographical region of applicability of said hypothesis.

5. The invention of claim 1 wherein said input further comprises:

an indication of efficacy associated with said hypothesis.

6. The invention of claim 1 wherein said input further comprises:

a warrant associated with said hypothesis.

7. The invention of claim 6 wherein said warrant comprises at least one of:

direct fact;

experimental test;

enumerative induction;

expert judgment; and

empirical observation.

8. The invention of claim 1 wherein said input further comprises:

grounds for making an inference that said hypothesis is true.

9. The invention of claim 8 wherein said input further comprises:

a backing reference for said grounds.

10. The invention of claim 9 wherein said input further comprises data including a full citation corresponding to said backing reference.

11. The invention of claim 1 wherein said input further comprises:

data indicating a constraint associated with said contributor'"'"'s input.

12. The invention of claim 1 wherein said input further comprises:

a probability estimate associated with said contributor'"'"'s input.

13. The invention of claim 12 wherein said probability estimate includes data corresponding to one of:

certainty;

probably correct;

presumably correct; and

low probability of correctness.

14. The invention of claim 1 wherein said input further comprises:

a modality associated with said contributor'"'"'s input.

15. The invention of claim 1 wherein said first computer readable program code means further comprises:

programming means responsive to said second computer program code means for presenting claims by others to each of said contributors.

16. The invention of claim 1 wherein said second computer program code means further comprises:

programming means adapted to receive said inputs over the Internet.

17. The invention of claim 1 wherein said contributor input programming means is downloadable at said plurality of workstations via the Internet.

18. The invention of claim 17 wherein said contributor input programming means is comprised of an executable applet embodied in a HTML page.

19. A method of facilitating a decision-making process involving objective science assessment, comprising the steps of:

determining a top level hypothesis;

using a software program code means embodied on a computer readable medium comprising;

a first program code means for linking of a plurality of argument structure units into single hierarchial argument structure, wherein each of said argument structure unit includes data corresponding to a hypothesis and its corresponding counter-hypothesis;

a second computer program code means for accepting inputs from a plurality of contributors and augmenting said inputs into said single hierarchial argument structure, wherein each input comprises data corresponding to at least one argument structure unit and that supports at least one of said hypothesis and the corresponding counter-hypothesis thereof;

a third computer program means responsive to said second computer program code means and adapted to represent a degree of support for said hypothesis and said corresponding counter-hypothesis in said single hierarchial argument structure; and

a fourth computer readable program code means responsive to said third computer readable program code means and adapted to visually display said degree of support for and against each claim in said single hierarchy;

entering said top level hypothesis into a top level node established in said software program code means;

determining a plurality of sub-hypothesis that comprise grounds that logically warrant at least one of the top level hypothesis and another of the plurality of the sub-hypothesis;

using said software program code means, entering said plurality of sub-hypothesis into a respective plurality of subordinate nodes linked to said top level nodes;

using said software program code means, using scientific data that provides grounds supporting at least one of the top level hypothesis, its corresponding counter-hypothesis and another of the plurality of sub-hypothesis;

using said software program code means, represent a degree of support for said hypothesis and said corresponding counter-hypothesis based upon a combination of said scientific data.

20. The invention of claim 19 wherein said step of determining a top level hypothesis further comprises:

determining said top level hypothesis and its corresponding counter-hypothesis.

21. The invention of claim 20 wherein said step of determining a plurality of sub-hypotheses further comprises:

determining a corresponding null sub-hypothesis for each of said plurality of sub hypothesis.