Hypermedia navigation using soft hyperlinks

• US 6,098,081 A
• Filed: 05/06/1996
• Issued: 08/01/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 05/06/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: McCauley, David, Heidorn, Christopher S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Feild, Joseph H.
• Application Number:
  US08/643,330
• Time in Patent Office: 1,548 Days
• Field of Search: 707/500-502, 707/513-516, 707/907, 707/3-6, 345/326, 345/329, 345/335, 709/217-219, 709/203
• US Class Current: 715/200
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/94 Hypermedia Hyperlinking G06F40/134
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/9558 Details of hyperlinks; Management of linked annotations
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99933 Query processing, i.e. searching

Abstract

A hypermedia-based navigation system includes a plurality of information providers and one or more clients. Databases of available hyperlink targets are maintained by the information providers. Each of the databases is searchable by means of one or more query attributes supported by the database and relating to the available hyperlink targets. A hypermedia document might contain a soft hyperlink, consisting of a query formulation specified in terms of query attributes and of values for said query attributes. A client resolves a soft hyperlink by querying at least one of the databases with the query formulation to locate one or more hyperlink targets having attributes and attribute values that satisfy the query formulation. The soft hyperlink can additionally contain executable rules. The client executes these rules prior to submitting the query formulation to the database. Each rule, when it executes, potentially adds search predicates to the original query formulation. Execution of a particular rule is conditioned upon a set of mandatory attributes associated with the rule. The rule will be executed if and only if its mandatory attributes are bound to actual values by the particular client attempting to resolve the soft hyperlink.

Claims

1. A method of resolving a hyperlink, comprising the following steps:

receiving a hyperlinked document from a remote server, the hyperlinked document containing one or more hyperlinks, at least one of the hyperlinks containing a query formulation;

in response to selection of said at least one of the hyperlinks by a user, reading a query formulation from the selected hyperlink;

querying one or more database servers with the query formulation to locate one or more hyperlink targets that satisfy the query formulation, wherein at least some of the hyperlink targets specify hypermedia documents from servers other than the one or more database servers;

retrieving a hypermedia document specified by one of the located hyperlink targets from a server other than the one or more database servers;

rendering said retrieved hypermedia document.

2. A computer-readable storage medium containing instructions that are executable to perform the steps of claim 1.

3. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising a step of selecting the database from a plurality of databases depending on search predicates specified in the query formulation.

4. A computer-readable storage medium containing instructions that are executable to perform the steps of claim 1.

5. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising:

maintaining a list of bound attributes that are independent of the selected hyperlink;

adding search predicates to the query formulation based on said bound attributes.

6. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising:

maintaining a list of bound attributes that are independent of the selected hyperlink, said bound attributes being based upon a user profile;

adding search predicates to the query formulation based on said bound attributes.

7. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising:

maintaining a list of bound attributes that are independent of the selected hyperlink;

identifying one or more executable link rules from the selected hyperlink;

executing the link rules to add search predicates to the query formulation depending on said bound attributes.

8. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising:

maintaining a list of bound attributes that are independent of the selected hyperlink;

identifying one or more executable link rules from the selected hyperlink;

executing the link rules to add search predicates to the query formulation depending on said bound attributes;

selecting the database from a plurality of databases depending on search predicates specified in and added to the query formulation.

9. A method of resolving a hyperlink, comprising the following steps:

receiving a hyperlinked document from a remote server, the hyperlinked document containing one or more hyperlinks, at least one of the hyperlinks containing a query formulation;

in response to selection of said at least one of the hyperlinks by a user, reading the query formulation from the selected hyperlink;

maintaining a list of bound attributes on an individual computer;

identifying one or more executable link rules that are specified in the selected hyperlink, wherein an identified link rule is associated with a set of mandatory attributes;

executing any particular link rule if and only if all of its mandatory attributes are in the list of bound attributes maintained on the individual computer, wherein executing a link rule potentially adds search predicates to the query formulation depending on said bound attributes maintained on the individual computer;

querying a database of available hyperlink targets with the query formulation to locate one or more hyperlink targets that satisfy the query formulation.

10. A computer-readable storage medium containing instructions that are executable to perform the steps of claim 9.

11. A method as recited in claim 9, the step of maintaining a list of bound attributes comprising maintaining ambient bound attributes that are independent of the selected hyperlink and link bound attributes that are specified by the selected hyperlink.

12. A method as recited in claim 9, the step of maintaining a list of bound attributes comprising maintaining ambient bound attributes that are independent of the selected hyperlink, context bound attributes that are specified in a selected hypermedia document, and link bound attributes that are specified by the selected hyperlink.

13. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein executing a link rule includes a step of examining the list of bound attributes to determine whether to add a search predicate to the query formulation.

14. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein executing a link rule potentially adds attributes to the bound attribute list.

15. A method as recited in claim 9, further comprising a step of selecting the database from a plurality of databases depending on search predicates specified in and added to the query formulation.

16. A method as recited in claim 9, further comprising a step of executing ambient rules that are specified independently of the selected hyperlink.

17. A method of resolving a hyperlink, comprising the following steps:

receiving a hyperlinked document from a remote server, the hyperlinked document containing one or more hyperlinks, at least one of the hyperlinks containing a query formulation;

in response to selection of said at least one of the hyperlinks by a user, reading the query formulation from the selected hyperlink;

maintaining a list of bound attributes on an individual computer;

maintaining a rule base of executable rules on the individual computer, wherein an executable rule is associated with a set of mandatory attributes, and wherein executing a rule potentially adds search predicates to the query formulation depending on the bound attributes on the individual computer;

stepping through the rules of the rule base and executing any rule whose mandatory attributes are in the list of bound attributes maintained on the individual computer;

querying a database of available hyperlink targets with the query formulation to locate one or more hyperlink targets that satisfy the query formulation.

18. A computer-readable storage medium containing instructions that are executable to perform the steps of claim 17.

19. A method as recited in claim 17, wherein maintaining the rule base comprises maintaining ambient rules that are specified independently of the selected hyperlink and link rules that are specified by the hyperlink.

20. A method as recited in claim 17, further comprising a step of repeating the steps of stepping through the rules of the rule base and executing any particular rule whose mandatory attributes are in the list of bound attributes.

21. A method as recited in claim 17, wherein executing a rule includes a step of examining the list of bound attributes to determine whether to add a search predicate to the query formulation.

22. A method as recited in claim 17, wherein executing a rule potentially adds attributes to the bound attribute list, the method further comprising a step of repeating the steps of stepping through the rules of the rule base and executing any particular rule whose mandatory attributes are in the list of bound attributes.

23. A method as recited in claim 17, the step of maintaining a list of bound attributes comprising maintaining ambient bound attributes that are independent of the selected hyperlink and link bound attributes that are specified in the selected hyperlink.

24. A method as recited in claim 17, the step of maintaining a list of bound attributes comprising maintaining ambient bound attributes that are independent of the selected hyperlink, context bound attributes that are specified in a selected hypermedia document, and link bound attributes that are specified in the selected hyperlink.

25. A method as recited in claim 17, further comprising a step of selecting the database from a plurality of databases depending on search predicates specified in and added to the query formulation.

26. A method as recited in claim 17, wherein:

the step of maintaining the rule base comprises maintaining ambient rules that are specified independently of the selected hyperlink and link rules that are specified by the hyperlink;

the step of maintaining a list of bound attributes comprising maintaining ambient bound attributes that are independent of the selected hyperlink and link bound attributes that are specified by the selected hyperlink;

executing a rule includes a step of examining the list of bound attributes to determine whether to add a search predicate to the query formulation;

executing a rule potentially adds attributes to the bound attribute list;

the method further comprises selecting the database from a plurality of databases depending on search predicates specified in and added to the query formulation.

27. A method of specifying a hyperlink, comprising the following steps:

embedding a query formulation in the hyperlink;

embedding one or more executable rules in the hyperlink,

wherein an individual executable rule, when executed, performs the following steps;

examining a list of attributes on an individual computer;

adding a search predicate to the query formulation depending on the values of the attributes.

28. A method as recited in claim 27, further comprising a step of specifying the query formulation at least partially in terms of query attributes and of values for said query attributes.

29. A method as recited in claim 27, further comprising associating each of the executable rules with one or more mandatory attributes and executing an individual executable rule if and only if its mandatory attributes are bound in the list of attributes on the individual computer.

30. A method as recited in claim 27, wherein the executable rules, when executed, potentially perform a step of adding attributes to the list of bound attributes on the individual computer.

31. A method as recited in claim 27, further comprising a step of specifying bound attributes in the hyperlink for inclusion in the list of bound attributes on the individual computer.

32. A method as recited in claim 27, further comprising:

embedding bound attributes in the hyperlink for inclusion in the list of bound attributes on the individual computer.

33. A computer-readable storage medium containing a hypermedia file, the hypermedia file comprising:

informational content for rendering to a user;

a hyperlink among the informational content that can be activated by the user when the informational content is rendered;

the hyperlink including a query formulation that can be submitted to a database for resolution of the hyperlink;

wherein the hyperlink further includes;

one or more executable rules associated respectively with sets of mandatory attributes;

one or more bound attributes for inclusion in a list of bound attributes maintained on an individual computer;

the rules being executable to examine the list of bound attributes and to potentially add query predicates to the query formulation depending on said examination of the list of bound attributes.

34. A computer-readable storage medium as recited in claim 33 wherein the query formulation is specified at least partially in terms of query attributes and of values for said query attributes.

35. A computer-readable storage medium as recited in claim 33, the rules being respectively associated with sets of mandatory attributes, said rules being executable to potentially add query predicates to the query formulation depending on whether the mandatory attributes are bound.

36. A computer-readable storage medium as recited in claim 33, said rules being executable to potentially add attributes to a list of bound attributes.

37. A computer-readable storage medium as recited in claim 33, the hyperlink further specifying bound attributes for inclusion in the list of bound attributes.

38. A hypermedia-based navigation system comprising:

one or more database servers having databases of available hyperlink targets, each such database being searchable by means of one or more query attributes supported by the database and relating to the available hyperlink targets;

an information provider that provides a hypermedia document, the hypermedia document having at least one hyperlink, said hyperlink containing a query formulation that is specified at least partially in terms of query attributes and of values for said query attributes;

a client configured to resolve the hyperlink by querying at least one of the databases with the query formulation from the hyperlink to locate one or more hyperlink targets having attributes and attribute values that satisfy the query formulation;

wherein at least some of the hyperlink targets specify hypermedia documents from servers other than the one or more database servers.

39. A hypermedia-based navigation system as recited in claim 38, wherein the client is further configured to activate said one or more hyperlink targets.

40. A hypermedia-based navigation system as recited in claim 38, wherein the hyperlink contains one or more executable rules or potentially adding search predicates to the query formulation.

41. A hypermedia-based navigation system as recited in claim 38, further comprising a list of bound attributes maintained by the client, herein the hyperlink contains one or more executable rules for potentially adding search predicates to the query formulation depending on said bound attributes.

42. A hypermedia-based navigation system as recited in claim 38, further comprising a list of bound attributes maintained by the client, said bound attributes being based on a user profile, wherein the hyperlink contains one or more executable rules for potentially adding search predicates to the query formulation depending on said bound attributes.

43. A hypermedia-based navigation system as recited in claim 38, wherein the client is configured to identify one or more of the databases that support one or more of the query attributes specified in the query, and to resolve the hyperlink by querying at least one of the identified databases with the query formulation.

44. A hypermedia-based navigation system as recited in claim 38, wherein the client is configured to maintain a rule base of executable rules for potentially adding search predicates to the query formulation, said executable rules including ambient rules that are specified independently of the selected hyperlink and link rules that are specified by the hyperlink.

45. A hypermedia-based navigation system as recited in claim 38, further comprising a list of bound attributes maintained by the client, said list of bound attributes including ambient bound attributes that are independent of the selected hyperlink and link bound attributes that are specified in the selected hyperlink.

46. A hypermedia-based navigation system as recited in claim 38, further comprising a list of bound attributes maintained by the client, said list of bound attributes including ambient bound attributes that are independent of the selected hyperlink, context bound attributes that are specified in a selected hypermedia document, and link bound attributes that are specified in the selected hyperlink.

47. A method of navigating hypermedia documents comprising the following steps:

displaying at least one soft hyperlink to a user, the soft hyperlink containing a query and one or more link rules;

in response to the user activating said soft hyperlink, reading the query and one or more link rules from the soft hyperlink;

executing one or more of the link rules to add one or more search predicates to the query; and

performing the query to locate one or more hypermedia targets, said query being based at least in part upon attributes associated with the user;

as a result of the query, displaying hyperlinks to said one or more hypermedia targets.

48. A method as recited in claim 47, further comprising identifying said attributes without requesting search limitations from the user.

49. A method as recited in claim 47, wherein the step of displaying hyperlinks comprises displaying hard hyperlinks to said one or more hypermedia targets.

50. A method as recited in claim 47, wherein the query is further based upon attributes specified in the soft hyperlink.

51. A method as recited in claim 47, further comprising displaying a hypermedia document to the user, the hypermedia document including said at least one soft hyperlink, wherein the query is further based upon attributes specified in the hypermedia document.

52. A method as recited in claim 47, further comprising displaying a hypermedia document to the user, the hypermedia document including said at least one soft hyperlink, wherein the query is further based upon attributes specified in the hypermedia document and upon attributes specified in the soft hyperlink.