Embossed diffraction grating alone and in combination with changeable image display

• US 6,101,036 A
• Filed: 06/23/1998
• Issued: 08/08/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 06/23/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Silicon Light Machines Corporation (SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Silicon Light Machines Corporation (SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd.)
• Inventors: Bloom, David M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Spyrou, Cassandra
• Assistant Examiner(s): Juba, Jr., John
• Application Number:
  US09/103,353
• Time in Patent Office: 777 Days
• Field of Search: 359/567, 359/572, 359/31, 359/560, 359/561, 359/569, 359/566, 353/30, 353/35, 345/7, 345/9, 345/31, 345/108, 348/750, 348/755, 348/757, 348/771, 349/201
• US Class Current: 359/567
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/1828 having means for producing variable diffraction controlling the direction of light by means of one or more diffracting elements G02B26/0808; acousto-optical elements G02F1/11, G02F1/33; electro- or magneto-optical diffraction G02F1/292, G02F1/2955
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2225/24 Having movable pixels, e.g. microelectromechanical systems [MEMS]

Abstract

A static diffracting grating display system provides a fixed image representing high digital content information. A plurality of physical diffracting features are fixed into the surface of a substrate. The diffracting features are positioned and oriented to selectively diffract or reflect a first incident beam of light which is then collected by a first display optical system. For color, preferably three light sources, red, green and blue, are used to form three incident beams of light. The period between adjacent ones of the diffracting features can be adjusted to appropriately form full-color image from the collected light. Preferably the diffracting features are formed by embossing a deformable substrate. Where the material of the deformable substrate is not reflective, a reflective coating is then applied. In some circumstances a protective overcoat applied over the reflective surface to obviate scratches or other damage to the diffracting features of the embossed surface. The diffracting features can also be formed using photolithographic techniques. To display changeable information in the image, a selectively deformable diffraction grating light valve is provided. A second incident beam of light is provided to illuminate the deformable diffraction grating light valve. A second display optical system collects light from the deformable diffraction grating light valve and merges this light with that collected from the static diffracting grating display system to form a unitary display.

Claims

1. A display system comprising:

a. a light source for generating a beam of light;

b. a first substrate positioned to receive the beam of light, the first substrate having a first plurality of surface features preconfigured to reflect and diffract the beam of light, the first substrate forming first diffracted light representative of a fixed image and first reflected light;

c. a second substrate positioned to receive the beam of light, the second substrate having a second plurality of surface features selectively configurable to reflect and diffract the beam of light, the second substrate forming second diffacted light representative of a changeable image and second reflected light;

d. means for blocking the first and second reflected light and for collecting the first and second diffracted light forming collected light; and

e. means for displaying an image representative of the collected light.

2. The system according to claim 1 wherein the first plurality of surface features comprises a diffraction grating.

3. The system according to claim 2 wherein the diffraction grating is a fixed diffraction grating.

4. The system according to claim 1 wherein the light source further comprises a plurality of light sources, each configured for generating light of a different set of frequencies, and further wherein portions of the first and second plurality of surface features are preconfigured to diffract light of one of the different set of frequencies to the means for collecting.

5. The system according to claim 4 wherein the first plurality of surface features comprise a diffraction grating.

6. The system according to claim 5 wherein the diffraction grating is a fixed diffraction grating.

7. The system according to claim 4 wherein the second plurality of surface features comprises a movable diffraction grating.

8. The system according to claim 1 wherein the second plurality of surface features comprises a movable diffraction grating.

9. An apparatus for displaying an image comprising:

a. a light source for generating a beam of light;

b. a first receiving apparatus configured to receive a first substrate such that the beam of light impinges on the first substrate, and further first substrate is configured with a first plurality of surface features configured to reflect and diffract the beam of light, the first substrate forming first diffracted light representative of a fixed image and first reflected light;

c. a second receiving apparatus configured to receive a second substrate such that the beam of light impinges on the second substrate, and further wherein the second substrate is configured with a second plurality of surface features configured to selectively reflect and diffract the beam of light, the second substrate forming second diffracted light and second reflected light;

d. means for blocking the first reflected light and for collecting the first diffracted light forming first collected light; and

e. means for blocking the second reflected light and for collecting the second diffracted light forming second collected light; and

f. means for displaying a composite image representative of the first and second collected light.

10. An apparatus for displaying an image comprising:

a. a fixed image diffraction grating subsystem comprising;

(1) a first light source for generating a first beam of light;

(2) a receiving apparatus configured to receive a substrate such that the beam of light impinges on the substrate, and further wherein the substrate in configured with a first plurality of surface features selectively preconfigured to reflect and diffract the beam of light forming first diffracted light and first reflected light; and

(3) first means for blocking the first reflected light and for collecting the first diffracted light forming first collected light;

b. a light modulation image subsystem comprising;

(1) means for generating a second beam of light;

(2) means for modulating the second beam of light to form a modulated light image; and

(3) means for collecting the modulated light image forming second collected light;

c. means for merging the first collected light and the second collected light forming a composite image; and

d. means for displaying the composite image.

11. The apparatus according to claim 10 wherein the first plurality of surface features comprises a set of fixed diffraction gratings.

12. The apparatus according to claim 10 further comprising a plurality of first light sources, each first light source for generating light of a different set of frequencies wherein portions of the first plurality of surface features are preconfigured to diffract light of one of the set of frequencies to the first means for collecting.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the first plurality of surface features comprises a set of fixed diffraction gratings.

14. The apparatus according to claim 10 further comprising a plurality of second light sources, each second light source for generating light of a different set of frequencies wherein the means for modulating the second beam of light includes a second plurality of surface features wherein portions of the second plurality of surface features are preconfigured to diffract light of one of the set of frequencies to the second means for collecting.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14 wherein the second plurality of surface features comprises a set of configurable diffraction gratings.

16. The apparatus according to claim 15 wherein portions of the set of configurable diffraction gratings are preconfigured to diffract light of one of the set of frequencies to the means for collecting modulated light by adjusting a period of the portions of the set of configurable diffraction gratings.