Multiple ultrasound image registration system, method and transducer

• US 6,102,865 A
• Filed: 07/01/1999
• Issued: 08/15/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 02/29/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Acuson Corporation (Siemens AG)
• Original Assignee: Acuson Corporation (Siemens AG)
• Inventors: Holley, Gregory L., Napolitano, David J., Hossack, John A., Gardner, Edward A., Sliwa, John W. Jr., Maslak, Samuel H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lateef, Marvin M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Imam, Ali M.
• Application Number:
  US09/346,090
• Time in Patent Office: 411 Days
• Field of Search: 600/443, 600/447, 600/441, 600/459, 600/463, 382/294, 348/169
• US Class Current: 600/459
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 8/145 characterised by scanning multiple planes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 8/483 involving the acquisition of a 3D volume of data
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/66 Sonar tracking systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/87 Combinations of sonar systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/8934 using a dynamic transducer configuration
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/8979 Combined Doppler and pulse-echo imaging systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/8993 Three dimensional imaging systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/52034 Data rate converters
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/52065 Compound scan display, e.g. panoramic imaging
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/52071 Multicolour displays; using colour coding; Optimising colour or information content in displays, e.g. parametric imaging
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/52085 Details related to the ultrasound signal acquisition, e.g. scan sequences control of medical diagnostic ultrasound devices A61B8/54
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/246 using feature-based methods, e.g. the tracking of corners or segments

Abstract

An ultrasonic imaging system includes an ultrasonic transducer having an image data array and a tracking array at each end of the image data array. The tracking arrays are oriented transversely to the image data array. Images from the image data array are used to reconstruct a three-dimensional representation of the target. The relative movement between respective frames of the image data is automatically estimated by a motion estimator, based on frames of data from the tracking arrays. As the transducer is rotated about the azimuthal axis of the image data array, features of the target remain within the image planes of the tracking arrays. Movements of these features in the image planes of the tracking arrays are used to estimate motion as required for the three-dimensional reconstruction. Similar techniques estimate motion within the plane of an image to create an extended field of view.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic transducer comprising:

a support element;

a first transducer phased array coupled to move with the support element and comprising a plurality of first transducer elements arranged along an azimuthal axis, said first transducer array comprising first and second ends spaced along the azimuthal axis and a first central image plane;

a second transducer phased array coupled to move with the support element and comprising a plurality of second transducer elements, said transducer array positioned near the first end of the first transducer array and comprising a second central image plane;

a third transducer phased array coupled to move with the support element and comprising a plurality of third transducer elements, said third transducer array positioned near the second end of the first transducer array and comprising a third central image plane;

said first and second central image planes being non-parallel, and said first and third central image planes being non-parallel, and

a transmit beamformer and a receive beamformer coupled to the first second and third transducer arrays.

2. The invention of claim 1 wherein the first and second central image planes are substantially orthogonal, and wherein the first and third central image planes are substantially orthogonal.

3. The invention of claim 1 wherein the second and third transducer arrays are substantially shorter in length along the respective axes than is the first transducer array.

4. The invention of claim 1 wherein the second and third transducer arrays each include substantially fewer of the respective transducer elements than does the first transducer array.

5. The invention of claim 1 wherein the first, second and third transducer elements are each spaced with a respective pitch, and wherein the pitch of the second transducer elements is a first integer multiple of the pitch of the first transducer elements.

6. The invention of claim 5 wherein the pitch of the third transducer elements is a second integer multiple of the pitch of the first transducer elements.

7. The invention of claim 6 wherein the first integer multiple is equal to the second integer multiple.

8. The invention of claim 1 wherein the transmit beamformer forms multiple simultaneous transmit beams.

9. The invention of claim 1 wherein the receive beamformer forms multiple simultaneous receive beams.

10. The invention of claim 1 wherein the transmit beamformer operates the first and second transducer arrays at different ultrasonic frequencies.

11. The invention of claim 1 wherein the transmit beamformer operates the first, second, and third transducer arrays at a common ultrasonic frequency.

12. The invention of claim 1 wherein the transmit beamformer operates the second and third transducer arrays with fewer scan lines than the first transducer array.

13. The invention of claim 1 wherein the transmit and receive beamformers acquire concurrent images from the first, second and third transducer arrays for display.

14. The invention of claim 13 further comprising a display system coupled to the beamformers to display the concurrent images from the first, second and third transducer arrays.

15. The invention of claim 1 wherein the transmit beamformer operates the second and third transducer arrays to acquire a plurality of frames from at least one of the second and third transducer arrays between adjacent frames from the first transducer array.

16. The invention of claim 1 wherein the transmit beamformer operates the first transducer array to acquire a plurality of frames from the first transducer array between adjacent frames from the second transducer array.

17. The invention of claim 1 further comprising an absolute sensor for at least one of displacement and orientation, said absolute sensor coupled to move with the support element.

18. The invention of claim 17 wherein the absolute sensor comprises a magnetic sensor.

19. The invention of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the second transducer elements are connected in parallel with at least a portion of the first transducer elements, and wherein the portion of the second transducer elements are in a jumbled order with respect to the portion of the first transducer elements.

20. The invention of claim 1 wherein at least two of the first, second and third transducer arrays form crossed arrays.

21. The invention of claim 1 wherein the second and third transducer arrays are positioned alongside of and laterally spaced from the first transducer array.

22. The invention of claim 1 further comprising third and fourth transducer arrays coupled to move with the support element and positioned near respective ends of the first transducer array, said third and fourth transducer arrays comprising respective fourth and fifth image planes oriented non-parallel to the first image plane.

23. An ultrasonic transducer comprising:

a support element;

a first transducer array coupled to move with the support element and comprising a plurality of first transducer elements arranged along an azimuthal axis, said first transducer array comprising first and second ends spaced along the azimuthal axis and a first central image plane;

a pair of single-element transducer elements each positioned on a respective side near the first end of the first transducer array;

a pair of single-element transducer elements each positioned on a respective side near the second end of the first transducer array.

24. The invention of claim 23 wherein at least some of the single-element transducer elements comprise respective elongated elements oriented to extend substantially parallel to the azimuthal axis.

25. The invention of claim 23 wherein at least some of the single-element transducer elements comprise respective circular elements.

26. The invention of claim 25 wherein at least some of the single-element transducer elements are pointed in separate directions.

27. The invention of claim 23 wherein at least some of the single-element transducer elements are focused at a selected range.

28. The invention of claim 23 wherein at least one of the single-element transducer elements is superimposed on the first transducer array.

29. An ultrasonic transducer comprising:

a support element,

a first transducer array coupled to move with the support element and comprising a plurality of first transducer elements arranged along an azimuthal axis, said first transducer array comprising first and second ends spaced along the azimuthal axis and a first central image plane;

a second transducer array coupled to move with the support element and comprising a plurality of second, annular transducer elements positioned near the first end of the first transducer array;

a third transducer array coupled to move with the support element and comprising a plurality of third, annular transducer elements positioned near the second end of the first transducer array.

30. The invention of claim 29 further comprising:

a fourth transducer array coupled to move with the support element and comprising a plurality of fourth, annular transducer elements positioned near the first end of the first transducer array; and

a fifth transducer array coupled to move with the support element and comprising a plurality of fifth, annular transducer elements positioned near the second end of the second transducer array.

31. The invention of claim 30 wherein the second and fourth transducer arrays are pointed in separate directions and wherein the third and fifth transducer arrays are pointed in separate directions.

32. The invention of claim 29 wherein at least one of the second and third transducer arrays is superimposed on the first transducer array.