Tuning fractal antennas and fractal resonators
First Claim
1. An antenna system comprising:
- a first fractal antenna including a first element having a portion that includes;
at least a first motif selected from a family consisting of (i) Koch, (ii) Minkowski, (iii) Cantor, (iv) torn square, (v) Mandelbrot. (vi) Caley tree, (vii) monkey'"'"'s swing, (viii) Sierpinski gasket, and (ix) Julia;
and a first replication of said first motif and a second replication of said first motif such that a point chosen on a geometric figure represented by said first motif will result in a corresponding point on said first replication and on said second replication of said first motif;
wherein there exists at least one non-straight line locus connecting each said point;
wherein a replication of said first motif is a change selected from a group consisting of (a) a rotation and change of scale of said first motif, (b) a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif, and (c) a rotation and a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif, and wherein said first fractal antenna is characterized in space by at least one resonant frequency and by a bandwidth; and
a conductive element, spaced-apart from said first fractal antenna by a distance Δ
chosen to vary at least one characteristic of said antenna system, at a desired frequency c/λ
, where c is velocity of light, selected from a group consisting of (i) said resonant frequency, and (ii) said bandwidth.
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Abstract
A first fractal antenna of iteration N≧2 in free space exhibits characteristics including at least one resonant frequency and bandwidth. Spacing-apart the first fractal conductive element from a conductive element by a distance Δ, non-planarly or otherwise, preferably ≦0.05λ for non-planar separation for frequencies of interest decreases resonant frequency and/or introduces new resonant frequencies, widens the bandwidth, or both, for the resultant antenna system. The conductive element may itself be a fractal antenna, which if rotated relative to the first fractal antenna will alter or tune at least one characteristic of the antenna system. Forming a cut anywhere in the first fractal antenna causes new and different resonant nodes to appear. The antenna system may be tuned by cutting-off a portion of the first fractal antenna, typically increasing resonant frequency. A region of ground plane may be formed adjacent the antenna system, to form a sandwich-like system that is readily tuned. Resonator systems as well as antenna systems may be tuned using is disclosed methodology.
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Citations
18 Claims
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1. An antenna system comprising:
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a first fractal antenna including a first element having a portion that includes; at least a first motif selected from a family consisting of (i) Koch, (ii) Minkowski, (iii) Cantor, (iv) torn square, (v) Mandelbrot. (vi) Caley tree, (vii) monkey'"'"'s swing, (viii) Sierpinski gasket, and (ix) Julia; and a first replication of said first motif and a second replication of said first motif such that a point chosen on a geometric figure represented by said first motif will result in a corresponding point on said first replication and on said second replication of said first motif;
wherein there exists at least one non-straight line locus connecting each said point;wherein a replication of said first motif is a change selected from a group consisting of (a) a rotation and change of scale of said first motif, (b) a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif, and (c) a rotation and a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif, and wherein said first fractal antenna is characterized in space by at least one resonant frequency and by a bandwidth; and a conductive element, spaced-apart from said first fractal antenna by a distance Δ
chosen to vary at least one characteristic of said antenna system, at a desired frequency c/λ
, where c is velocity of light, selected from a group consisting of (i) said resonant frequency, and (ii) said bandwidth. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. A tunable fractal antenna system coupleable to a transceiver unit, the antenna comprising:
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a first fractal antenna including; a first element having a portion that includes at least a first motif selected from a family consisting of (i) Koch, (ii) Minkowski, (iii) Cantor, (iv) torn square, (v) Mandelbrot, (vi) Caley tree, (vii) monkey'"'"'s swing, (viii) Sierpinski gasket, and (ix) Julia; and a first replication of said first motif and a second replication of said first motif such that a point chosen on a geometric figure represented by said first motif will result in a corresponding point on said first replication and on said second replication of said first motif;
wherein there exists at least one non-straight line locus connecting each said point;wherein a replication of said first motif is a change selected from a group consisting of (a) a rotation and change of scale of said first motif, (b) a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif, and (c) a rotation and a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif; and a conductive element, spaced-apart from said first fractal antenna by a distance Δ
chosen to vary at least one characteristic of said antenna system, at a desired frequency c/λ
, where c is velocity of light, selected from the group consisting of (i) resonant frequency of said antenna system, and (ii) bandwidth of said antenna system. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16)
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17. A method of tuning a fractal resonator system, comprising:
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disposing a first fractal member a distance Δ
from a conductive element;said first fractal member including a first element having a portion that includes at least a first motif selected from a family consisting of (i) Koch, (ii) Minkowski, (iii) Cantor, (iv) torn square, (v) Mandelbrot, (vi) Caley tree, (vii) monkey'"'"'s swing, (viii) Sierpinski gasket, and (ix) Julia; and
a first replication of said first motif and a second replication of said first motif such that a point chosen on a geometric figure represented by said first motif will result in a corresponding point on said first replication and on said second replication of said first motif;
wherein there exists at least one non-straight line locus connecting each said point;wherein a replication of said first motif is a change selected from a group consisting of (a) a rotation and change of scale of said first motif, (b) a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif, and (c) a rotation and a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif; and tuning said fractal resonator system by modifying at least one parameter selected from a group consisting of (a) a magnitude of said distance Δ
, (b) an angular orientation between said first fractal member and said conductive element, (c) extent of curvature associated with at least one of said first fractal member and said conductive element, (d) size of at least one of said first fractal member and said conductive element, (e) shape of at least one of said first fractal member and said conductive element, (f) location of said conductive element relative to said first fractal member, (g) existence of a cut defined in at least one of said first fractal member and said conductive element, and (g) location of feedline coupling to at least one of said first fractal member and said conductive element. - View Dependent Claims (18)
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Specification