Modular, high-intensity fiber optic backlight for color displays

• US 6,104,371 A
• Filed: 05/23/1997
• Issued: 08/15/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 03/10/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: NEC Corporation
• Original Assignee: NEC Research Institute, Inc. (NEC Corporation)
• Inventors: Huang, Wanna, Wang, Ting
• Primary Examiner(s): Chow, Dennis-Doon
• Assistant Examiner(s): AWAD, AMR A
• Application Number:
  US08/862,908
• Time in Patent Office: 1,180 Days
• Field of Search: 345/32, 345/101, 345/102, 362/32, 349/159, 385/115, 385/137, 385/901
• US Class Current: 345/102
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/001 the light being emitted along at least a portion of the lateral surface of the fibre
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3672 with fibres arranged in a regular matrix array
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 385/901 Illuminating or display apparatus

Abstract

A modular, high-intensity fiber optic color backlight for color displays wherein light is distributed to the display through side-emitting optical fibers. The optical fibers are ordered into an array of channels, wherein each channel contains a number of optical fibers. Each of the individual channels are separated by reflective channel isolators and each channel preferably carries light of a single color. Light detecting fibers are optionally installed in the module so that intensity data may be collected. Each module includes a mechanical and electrical interconnect so that individual modules may be combined, thereby producing displays of arbitrary size.

Claims

1. A high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays comprising:

a light source;

a plurality of individual, side-emitting optical fibers arranged in parallel and connected to said light source thereby forming a first layer of optical fibers such that light emitted from the light source is conducted by the optical fibers and emitted out a side of the fibers; and

a plurality of column isolators, one situated between each adjacent one of said individual side-emitting optical fibers, such that said column isolators isolate light emitted out from the side of each fiber of said first layer within said module and conduct said isolated light emitted from the side of each fiber out of said module.

2. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 1 further comprising:

a light selection means, positioned between said light source and said individual side-emitting optical fibers such that adjacent optical fibers conduct and emit light of different color.

3. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 1 further comprising:

one or more additional layers of side-emitting optical fibers, overlying said first layer of optical fibers such that each individual optical fiber within the additional layer is parallel with individual fibers in all underlying layers and situated between said column isolators thereby forming a vertical column of optical fibers wherein each one of said individual fibers in the vertical column of optical fibers conducts light of the same color.

4. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 3 further comprising:

a reflective backing, positioned beneath said first layer of side emitting optical fibers.

5. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 4 further comprising:

light shutter means, situated on a top of the vertical columns for selectively emitting the light emitted from the side emitting optical fibers within a particular vertical column of optical fibers.

6. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 5 further comprising:

a light detector means, overlying each of said vertical columns, for detecting the light emitted from the vertical columns.

7. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 6 wherein each of said side-emitting optical fibers comprise a plurality of side-emitting ports and wherein the side-emitting ports of a fiber within a particular vertical column do not directly overlay the side-emitting ports of an underlying fiber such that the light emitted from a particular vertical column is enhanced.

8. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 7 wherein each side-emitting optical fiber within a particular vertical column of side-emitting optical fibers is a cylindrical lens for light emitted from underlying optical fibers.

9. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 1 wherein said light source further comprises a plurality of laser devices.

10. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 3 wherein each one of said side emitting optical fibers is a bi-directional, side emitting optical fiber such that light emitted from each of the vertical column is emitted out both a top and bottom of each column.

11. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 10 further comprising:

a light shutter means situated on a top and a bottom of each vertical column, for selectively emitting the light emitted from the side emitting optical fibers within a particular vertical column of optical fibers.

12. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 11 further comprising:

a light detector means, overlying and underlying each vertical column, for detecting the light emitted from a top and bottom of each vertical column.

13. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 12 wherein said light detector means is a side emitting optical fiber.

14. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 3 further comprising:

end column isolators, positioned adjacent an outermost column of optical fibers, having conductive strips disposed thereon for providing electrical conductivity from a top of a column of fibers to a bottom of a column of fibers.

15. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 3 further comprising:

a plurality of cooling channels, disposed between diagonally adjacent optical fibers and said column isolators.

16. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 15 wherein each of said cooling channels is circulated with a gas suitable for cooling each of said individual fibers.

17. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 15 wherein each of said cooling channels is circulated with a liquid suitable for cooling each of said individual fibers.

18. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 1 wherein a particular optical fiber conducts RED light, an adjacent optical fiber conducts GREEN light and a next adjacent optical fiber conducts BLUE light.

19. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 5 wherein said light shutter means is a liquid crystal display device.

20. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 5 wherein said light shutter means is a polarizing film.

21. A high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays comprising:

a light source;

a plurality of individual, side-emitting optical fibers arranged in parallel and connected to said light source thereby forming a first layer of optical fibers such that light emitted from the light source is conducted by the optical fibers and emitted out a side of the fibers;

a plurality of column isolators, one situated between each adjacent one of said individual side-emitting optical fibers, such that said column isolators isolate light emitted from the side of each fiber of said first layer within said module and conduct said isolated light out of said module;

a light selection means, positioned between said light source and said individual side-emitting optical fibers such that adjacent optical fibers conduct and emit light of different color; and

one or more additional layers of side-emitting optical fibers, overlying said first layer of optical fibers such that each individual optical fiber within the additional layer is parallel with individual fibers in all underlying layers and situated between said column isolators thereby forming a vertical column of optical fibers wherein each one of said individual fibers in the vertical column of optical fibers conducts light of the same color.

22. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 21 further comprising:

a reflective backing, positioned beneath said first layer of side emitting optical fibers.

23. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 22 further comprising:

light shutter means, situated on a top of the vertical columns for selectively emitting the light emitted from the side emitting optical fibers within a particular vertical column of optical fibers.

24. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 23 further comprising:

a light detector means, overlying each of said vertical columns, for detecting the light emitted from the vertical columns.

25. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 24 wherein each of said side-emitting optical fibers comprise a plurality of side-emitting ports and wherein the side-emitting ports of a fiber within a particular vertical column do not directly overlay the side-emitting ports of an underlying fiber such that the light emitted from a particular vertical column is enhanced.

26. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 25 wherein each side-emitting optical fiber within a particular vertical column of side-emitting optical fibers is a cylindrical lens for light emitted from underlying optical fibers.

27. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 21 wherein each one of said side emitting optical fibers is a bidirectional, side emitting optical fiber such that light emitted from each of the vertical column is emitted out both a top and bottom of each column.

28. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 27 further comprising:

a light shutter means situated on a top and a bottom of each vertical column, for selectively emitting the light emitted from the side emitting optical fibers within a particular vertical column of optical fibers.

29. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 28 further comprising:

a light detector means, overlying and underlying each vertical column, for detecting the light emitted from a top and bottom of each vertical column.

30. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 29 wherein said light detector means is a side emitting optical fiber.

31. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 21 further comprising:

end column isolators, positioned adjacent an outermost column of optical fibers, having conductive strips disposed thereon for providing electrical conductivity from a top of a column of fibers to a bottom of a column of fibers.

32. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 21 further comprising:

a plurality of cooling channels, disposed between diagonally adjacent optical fibers and said column isolators.

33. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 32 wherein each of said cooling channels is circulated with a gas suitable for cooling each of said individual fibers.

34. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 32 wherein each of said cooling channels is circulated with a liquid suitable for cooling each of said individual fibers.

35. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 23 wherein said light shutter means is a liquid crystal display device.

36. The high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays according to claim 23 wherein said light shutter means is a polarizing film.

37. A high-intensity, fiber optic color backlight module for color displays comprising:

a light source;

a plurality of individual, side-emitting optical fibers arranged in parallel and connected to said light source thereby forming a first layer of optical fibers such that light emitted from the light source is conducted by the optical fibers and emitted out a side of the fibers; and

a plurality of column isolators, one situated between each adjacent one of said individual side-emitting optical fibers, such that said column isolators isolate light emitted from the side of each fiber of said first layer within said module and conduct said isolated light out of said module, wherein a particular optical fiber conducts RED light, an adjacent optical fiber conducts GREEN light and a next adjacent optical fiber conducts BLUE light.