Dual mode transmitter/receiver and decoder for RF transponder tags

• US 6,107,910 A
• Filed: 08/18/1997
• Issued: 08/22/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 11/29/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: X-Cyte Inc.
• Original Assignee: X-Cyte Inc.
• Inventors: Nysen, Paul A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tokar, Michael
• Assistant Examiner(s): JEANGLAUDE, JEAN BRUNER
• Application Number:
  US08/914,285
• Time in Patent Office: 1,100 Days
• Field of Search: 455/38.2, 455/49.1, 455/54.1, 455/54.2, 455/73, 455/106, 455/13.1, 455/19, 455/127, 340/825.54, 340/572, 340/573, 340/10.1, 340/10.3, 340/10.4, 342/44, 342/50, 342/51, 342/60, 375/204, 375/219, 380/9
• US Class Current: 340/10.1
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/755 using delay lines, e.g. acoustic delay lines
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0675 the resonating marks being of the surface acoustic wave [SAW] kind SAW devices per se H03H9/64
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 9/642 SAW transducers details for remote interrogation systems, e.g. surface acoustic wave transducers details for ID-tags remote interrogation systems per se G06K7/10009, G01S13/74

Abstract

An enhanced backscatter RF-ID tag reader system and multiprotocol RF tag reader system is provided. In a multiprotocol mode, the system emits a non-stationary interrogation signal, and decodes a phase modulated backscatter signal by detecting a stronger phase component from quadrature phase representations or determining phase transition edges in a phase of a received signal. The RF tag reader system predicts or follows the phase of the backscatter signal, thereby avoiding interference from nulls in the received signal waveform due to the non-stationary interrogation signal, relative movement or environmental effects. An acoustic RF-ID tag detection system detects the reradiated signal corresponding to respective transformation of a signal in the tag. Detection of either type of RF-ID tags therefore is possible, and the absence of any tag or absence of any valid tag also determined.

Claims

1. A method for interrogating a backscatter generating tag, comprising the steps of:

(a) generating an interrogation signal having a frequency within an interrogation band;

(b) emitting the interrogation signal as a radio wave signal;

(c) interacting the emitted radio wave signal with a backscatter generating tag;

(d) receiving a radio frequency backscatter signal from the tag;

(e) mixing the received backscatter signal with a plurality of differing phase representations of the interrogation signal to produce a plurality of mixed signals;

(f) comparing a respective signal strength of said plurality of mixed signals; and

(g) analyzing said difference signals over time to determine a significant information sequence of the backscatter signal, while discounting an importance of at least one of the plurality of mixed signals at any given time based on said compared respective signal strengths.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the interrogation signal comprises a frequency chirp.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the interrogation signal comprises a frequency hopping spread spectrum signal.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the interrogation signal comprises a direct sequence spread spectrum signal.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of transmitting the interrogation signal and receiving the backscatter signal through the same antenna.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of transmitting the interrogation signal and receiving the backscatter signal through differing antennas.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the backscatter generating tag comprises a semiconductor memory selectively modulating a semiconductor device which alters an impedance of a backscatter antenna in the tag.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the backscatter signal is mixed with quadrature phase representations of the interrogation signal.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the respective signal strength or said plurality of mixed signals is compared with a circuit comprising an analog comparator.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein said backscatter signal comprises a frequency key shifted modulation pattern, said analyzing step comprising demodulating the frequency shift keyed pattern.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of producing a signal corresponding to a composite received signal strength of the backscatter signal.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of detecting an external event and producing an exception output, distinct from an information sequence output, if a valid signal is not received in concurrence with the external event.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the interrogation signal is transmitted in the 915 MHz band.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein an integrated circuit detector is employed to determine a signal strength of an input distinct from the information sequence output.

15. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of analyzing at least one of said difference signals determine a transfer function of the tag.

16. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of determining the significant information sequence by detecting a phase transition edge of at least one of the mixed signals.

17. A transponder interrogation system for interrogating a transponder which receives a radio frequency wave and emits a modified radio frequency wave, comprising an interrogation radio frequency wave generator, generating a radio frequency excitation pulse having a plurality of different frequencies within a frequency range for communicating with the transponder;

an antenna, for receiving the modified radio frequency wave;

a first decoder, for determining the plurality of characteristic time-delays represented in the modified radio frequency wave; and

a second decoder for determining a sequence of modulation states from the modified radio frequency wave.

18. A backscatter transponder interrogation system, comprising:

(a) an input for receiving a backscatter signal from a backscatter transponder due to an interrogation signal;

(b) a multiphase mixer for mixing said received backscatter signal and a representation of said interrogation signal to produce a plurality of multiphasic outputs;

(c) means for selecting less than all of the plurality of multiphasic outputs based on a magnitude of signal strength thereof; and

(d) a decoder for decoding a sequence of symbols from the selected mixer multiphasic outputs.

19. An RF-ID tag interrogator, responsive to a return signal from an RF-ID tag having a semiconductor device outputting symbols which are accessed serially over time to sequentially modulate an interrogation signal at a modulation rate, comprising:

a transmitter for transmitting a radio frequency interrogation signal, said interrogation signal having a frequency which substantially varies over time;

a receiver for receiving a signal from the RF-ID tag which corresponds to said radio frequency interrogation signal, sequentially modulated over time based on the symbols during a period in which said interrogation signal frequency substantially varies;

a decoder, having;

a phase-sensitive demodulator for extracting a complex modulation pattern from said received signal, with respect to a representation of said interrogation signal;

a symbol detector for receiving said complex modulation pattern, extracting a data clock from one of said complex modulation pattern, said interrogation signal, or a reference clock, compensating for a phrase rotation in the complex modulation pattern due to frequency variation of said interrogation signal at a rate faster than the modulation rate, and extracting said symbols from said compensated complex modulation pattern and said data clock.

20. A radio frequency receiving device, operating in an environment including an RF generator, generating a time-variant RF signal which propagates through space, and an RF signal modulator having a frequency modulation pattern based on data symbols stored in said device, comprising:

an input for receiving a frequency modulated signal corresponding to said time-variant RF signal modulated by the data symbols;

a demodulator for producing a demodulated signal by mixing a signal corresponding to said time-variant RF signal with said received signal, while preserving a phase pattern;

a comparator for selecting a phase component having a greatest magnitude from at least two phase components having differing phase axes of said demodulated signal, said comparator having a magnitude selectivity pattern excluding selection of a component based primarily on a pattern of said data symbols;

a detector for detecting an amplitude or relative phase change of said selected phase component to extract said data symbols; and

an output for outputting information relating to said data symbols.

21. A device for receiving information from a remote tag, the tag having information stored in a memory and a modulator for frequency modulating an incident signal based on the stored information, comprising:

a transmitter for transmitting a radio frequency carrier having a time varying center frequency in proximity to the tag;

a receiver for receiving a frequency modulated, time varying center frequency carrier signal from the tag;

a balanced mixer for receiving said frequency modulated, time varying center frequency carrier signal and said radio frequency carrier to produce at least a difference signal with at least two outputs each representing a different phase axis; and

a detector circuit for receiving said at least two outputs and extracting the information from at least one of said outputs, the information being extracted during a period in which said radio frequency carrier center frequency varies.

22. A radio frequency receiving device, operating in an environment including an RF generator, generating a phase-continuous, time-variant RF signal which propagates through space, and an RF signal modulator having a frequency modulation based on data symbols, comprising:

an input for receiving a frequency modulated signal corresponding to said time-variant RF signal modulated by the data symbols;

a demodulator for producing a demodulated signal by mixing a signal corresponding to said time-variant RF signal with said received signal, while preserving a phase pattern;

a comparator for selecting a phase component having a greatest magnitude from at least two phase components having differing phase axes of said demodulated signal wherein said comparator has a magnitude selectivity pattern excluding selection of a component based primarily on a pattern of said data symbols;

a detector for detecting an amplitude or relative phase said selected phase component to extract said data symbols; and

an output for outputting information relating to said data symbols.

23. An RF-ID tag reader, responsive a return signal from an RF-ID tag having an RF output modulating an interrogation signal over time in a pattern corresponding to a sequence of symbols, comprising:

a receiver for receiving a modulated signal from the RF-ID tag which corresponds to said radio frequency interrogation signal, modulated over time based on the symbols;

a complex demodulator for demodulating in complex space a modulated signal pattern of the received modulated signal to produce at least two phases and selectively producing an output based on a phase having a greater signal strength, to extract a modulation pattern from said demodulated signal; and

an analyzer for reconstructing the symbols from the detected modulation pattern.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein said modulated signal comprises a set of superposed representations of the interrogation signal having differing group delays.

25. The system of claim 23, wherein the interrogation signal comprises a chirp.

26. The system of claim 23, wherein the interrogation signal comprises a spread spectrum signal.

27. The system of claim 23, wherein the RF-ID tag comprises a semiconductor memory selectively modulating a semiconductor device which alters an impedance of a backscatter antenna in the tag.

28. The system of claim 23, wherein the modulated signal is mixed with quadrature phase representations of the interrogation signal.

29. The system of claim 23, further comprising an analog comparator for determining a stronger phase signal.

30. The system of claim 23, wherein the modulation pattern comprises a frequency shift keyed modulation.

31. The system of claim 23, wherein an integrated circuit detects an amplitude of a phase signal distinct from the detected modulation pattern.

32. The system of claim 23, wherein said output corresponds to an amplitude of a phase having a greater signal strength.

33. The system of claim 23, wherein said output is based on a phase transition edge of a phase having a greater signal strength.

34. A dual mode tag identification system, comprising means for emitting a time-varying radio frequency interrogation signal and means for receiving a reradiated modified representation of the interrogation signal, the reradiated modified representation of the interrogation signal being analyzed in a first mode to determine a predetermined identifying transfer function for said interrogation signal and in a second mode to determine a time sequence of modulation states imposed on said interrogation signal.

35. The system of claim 34, wherein the reradiated modified representation of the interrogation signal is nixed with a plurality of representations of the interrogation signal, each of said plurality of representations differing in phase, to produce a plurality of mixed signals;

a respective signal strength of said plurality of mixed signals are compared; and

said difference signals analyzed over time to determine a significant information sequence of the backscatter signal, while discounting an importance of at least one of the plurality of mixed signals at any given time based on said compared respective signal strengths.

36. The system of claim 34, wherein the plurality of representations are quadrature phase representations of the interrogation signal.

37. The system of claim 34, wherein the interrogation signal comprises a frequency chirp.

38. The system of claim 34, wherein the interrogation signal comprises a frequency hopping spread spectrum signal.

39. The system of claim 34, wherein the interrogation signal comprises a direct sequence spread spectrum signal.

40. The system of claim 34, wherein the time sequence of modulation states is manifested as a frequency key shifted modulation pattern of the reradiated modified representation of the interrogation signal.

41. The system of claim 34, wherein an external event is detected, and an exception output, distinct from the information signal, produced if a valid signal of said first mode or said second mode is not received in concurrence with the external event.

42. The system of claim 34, further comprising an emitter for emitting the interrogation signal and a receiver for receiving the reradiated modified representation of the interrogation signal, the interrogation signal having a plurality of different frequencies within a frequency range for communicating with the transponder.

43. The system of claim 34, wherein said second mode employs a multiphase mixer for mixing said received backscatter signal and a representation of said interrogation signal to produce multiphasic outputs;

means for selecting a mixer multiphasic output having substantial signal strength; and

a decoder for decoding a sequence of symbols from the selected mixer multiphasic output.

44. The system of claim 34, said second mode being for analyzing a return signal from an RF-ID tag having a semiconductor device outputting symbols which are accessed serially over time to sequentially modulate an interrogation signal at a modulation rate, the system comprising:

a transmitter for transmitting a radio frequency interrogation signal wherein said interrogation signal has a frequency which substantially varies over time;

a receiver for receiving a signal from the RF-ID tag which corresponds to said radio frequency interrogation signal sequentially modulated over time based on the symbols;

a decoder, having;

a phase-sensitive demodulator for extracting a complex modulation pattern from said received signal with respect to a representation of said interrogation signal;

a symbol detector for receiving said complex modulation pattern, extracting a data clock from one of said complex modulation pattern, said interrogation signal, or a reference clock, compensating for a phase rotation in the complex modulation pattern due to frequency variation of said interrogation signal at a rate faster than the modulation rate, and extracting said symbols from said compensated complex modulation pattern and said data clock.

45. The system of claim 34, operating in an environment including an RF generator, generating a time-variant RF signal which propagates through space, and an RF signal modulator having a frequency modulation pattern based on data symbols stored in said device to generate said time sequence, said system comprising:

an input for receiving a frequency modulated signal corresponding to said time-variant RF signal modulated by the data symbols;

a demodulator for producing a demodulated signal by mixing a signal corresponding to said time-variant RF signal with said received signal, while preserving a phase pattern;

a comparator for selecting a phase component having a greatest magnitude from at least two phase components having differing phase axes of said demodulated signal wherein said comparator has a magnitude selectivity pattern excluding selection of a component based primarily on a pattern of said data symbols;

a detector for detecting said selected phase component to extract said data symbols; and

an output for outputting information relating to said data symbols.

46. The system of claim 34, the tag having information stored in a memory and a modulator for frequency modulating an incident signal based on the stored information, to generate said tine sequence, said system comprising:

a transmitter for transmitting a radio frequency carrier having a time varying center frequency in proximity to the tag;

a receiver for receiving a frequency modulated, time varying center frequency carrier signal from the tag;

a balanced mixer for receiving said frequency modulated, time varying center frequency carrier signal and said radio frequency carrier to produce at least a difference signal with at least two outputs each representing a different phase axis; and

a detector circuit receiving said at least two outputs and extracting the information from at least one of said outputs.

47. The system of claim 34, operating in an environment including an RF generator, generating a phase-continuous, time-variant RF signal which propagates through space, and an RF signal modulator having a frequency modulation based on data symbols to generate said time sequence, said system comprising:

an input for receiving a frequency modulated signal corresponding to said time-variant RF signal modulated by the data symbols;

a demodulator for producing a demodulated signal by mixing a signal corresponding to said time-variant RF signal with said received signal, while preserving a phase pattern;

a comparator for selecting a phase component having a greatest magnitude from at least two phase components having differing phase axes of said demodulated signal wherein said comparator has a magnitude selectivity pattern excluding selection of a component based primarily on a pattern of said data symbols;

a detector for detecting said selected phase component to extract said data symbols; and

an output for outputting information relating to said data symbols.

48. The system of claim 34, wherein said transfer function comprises a set of superposed representations of the interrogation signal having differing group delays.

49. The system of claim 34, wherein the interrogation signal comprises a non-stationary radio frequency signal selected from the group consisting of a chirp, a frequency hopping spread spectrum signal, and a direct sequence spread spectrum signal.

50. The system of claim 34, wherein the tag comprises a semiconductor memory selectively modulating a semiconductor device which alters an impedance of a backscatter antenna in the tag, to generate said time sequence of modulation states.

51. The system of claim 34, wherein the time sequence of modulation comprises a frequency shift keyed modulation.

52. The system of claim 34, responsive a return signal from an RF-ID tag having an RF output modulating an interrogation signal over time in a pattern corresponding to a sequence of symbols as said time sequence, said system comprising:

a receiver for receiving a modulated signal from the RF-ID tag which corresponds to said radio frequency interrogation signal, modulated over time based on the symbols;

a complex demodulator for demodulating in complex space a modulated signal pattern of the received modulated signal to produce at least two phases and selectively producing an output based on a phase having a greater signal strength, to extract a modulation pattern from said demodulated signal;

an analyzer for reconstructing the symbols from the detected modulation pattern;

an output for producing information corresponding to said sequence of symbols.

53. The system of claim 52, wherein the modulated signal is mixed with quadrature phase representations of the interrogation signal.

54. The system of claim 52, further comprising an analog comparator for determining a stronger phase signal.

55. The system of claim 52, wherein an integrated circuit detects an amplitude of a phase signal.