Progressive still frame mode

• US 6,108,027 A
• Filed: 12/17/1996
• Issued: 08/22/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 12/17/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 8X8, Inc., 8 X *, Inc.
• Original Assignee: 8X8, Inc.
• Inventors: Voois, Paul A., Andrews, Barry D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Woo, Stella
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ramakrishnaiah, Melur
• Application Number:
  US08/768,894
• Time in Patent Office: 1,344 Days
• Field of Search: 348/14, 348/15, 348/16, 348/17, 348/18, 348/19, 348/409, 348/415, 358/262.1, 358/261.3, 358/430, 358/447, 358/427, 358/261.2, 382/239, 382/251
• US Class Current: 348/14.14
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/30 using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability H04N19/63 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/59 involving spatial sub-sampling or interpolation, e.g. alteration of picture size or resolution
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/60 using transform coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/61 in combination with predictive coding

Abstract

A still image is progressively transmitted over a communications channel by computing, encoding, and outputting for transmission difference information representing the difference between the still image and a lower quality representation of the still image that has been received by a remote location. This process is repeated, with additional difference information being generated to supplement the image received at the remote location, such that the quality of the image at the remote location improves over time. The difference information may be encoded in a format compatible with existing video compression standards and processed by a receiving terminal regardless of the presence of still mode capability.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting a representation of a still image from a first location to a second location using a communications channel on which a videoconference call has been established between the first location and the second location, the second location having received a first set of data representing the still image as a first image at a first quality level, the method comprising:

selectively enabling a still mode;

when the still mode is not enabled, storing a series of images in succession, and storing the first image in a memory as a stored image when the still mode is enabled, the first image being one of the series of images as the still image to be transmitted;

computing difference information representing a difference between a function of the stored image and the still image;

encoding the difference information in a format capable of being processed at the second location as a second set of data;

outputting the second set of data for transmission over the communications channel;

constructing a second image based on the stored image and the difference information, the second image having a second quality level higher than the first quality level;

storing the second image in the memory as the stored image; and

repeating the process of computing the difference information, encoding the difference information, outputting the encoded difference information, constructing the second image, and storing the second image, increasing the second quality level with each iteration until the second quality level satisfies a quality threshold.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the still mode is selectively enabled from the first location.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the still mode is selectively enabled from the second location.

4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the process of encoding the difference information as the second set of data includes transforming the difference information according to a discrete cosine transform, and wherein the step of constructing a second image includes using a summing block and iteratively incorporating difference information to generate an updated image having the second quality level higher than the first quality level, such that the quality of the updated image is progressively improved as additional difference information is received.

5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the process of encoding the difference information as the second set of data includes transforming the difference information according to a transformation function characterized by a parameter value.

6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the difference information comprises a first plurality of values selected from a continuous range of values.

7. A method according to claim 6, wherein the transformation function divides the continuous range of values into a plurality of subranges and maps each of the plurality of subranges to a discrete value within the subrange, each of the plurality of subranges having a size determined by the parameter.

8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the difference information is encoded as a run length vector.

9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the difference information is encoded according to a Huffman encoding scheme.

10. A method according to claim 1, wherein the difference information is encoded as a plurality of interframe motion blocks having a motion vector set to zero.

11. A method according to claim 1, wherein the second set of data is output in a format compatible with the ITU-T H.261 video compression recommendation.

12. A method according to claim 1, wherein the second set of data is output in a format compatible with the ITU-T H.263 video compression recommendation.

13. A method according to claim 1, further comprising encoding the still image as a third set of data representing the still image as a third image with the second quality, wherein the difference information is computed as a difference between the third image and the first image.

14. A method according to claim 1, wherein constructing the second image includes mapping a set of discrete values to a continuous range of values.

15. A method according to claim 1, wherein constructing the second image includes transforming the difference information according to an inverse discrete cosine transform.

16. A method according to claim 1, wherein constructing the second image includes incorporating the difference information into the stored image.

17. For use in transmitting a still image with a desired quality using a communications channel, a system comprising:

a still mode control block configured and arranged to selectively enable a still mode;

a first memory configured and arranged to, when the still mode is not enabled, store a series of images in succession, and, when the still mode is enabled, store one of the series of images as the still image;

a variable quality encoder configured and arranged to encode difference information representing a difference between a reconstructed image and the still image as a set of data representing the difference information with variable quality that is successively increased until a quality threshold is satisfied;

an image reconstructor configured and arranged to construct the reconstructed image as a function of the difference information;

a second memory configured and arranged to store the reconstructed image; and

a difference information generator configured and arranged to generate the difference information and to provide the difference information to the variable quality encoder.

18. A system according to claim 17, further comprising an image receiving device coupled to the first memory.

19. A system according to claim 18, wherein the image receiving device comprises a video camera.

20. A system according to claim 17, wherein the first memory comprises a frame buffer.

21. A system according to claim 17, further comprising an output memory, coupled to the communications channel and responsive to the encoder and configured and arranged to transmit the set of data over the communications channel.

22. A system according to claim 21, wherein the output memory comprises a buffer.

23. A system according to claim 17, wherein the encoder performs a discrete cosine transform.

24. A system according to claim 17, wherein the encoder comprises a transformation block characterized by a parameter value.

25. A system according to claim 24, wherein the transformation block divides a continuous range of values into a plurality of subranges and maps each of the subranges to a discrete value within the subrange, each of the plurality of subranges having a size determined by the parameter.

26. A system according to claim 17, wherein the encoder comprises a Huffman encoder.

27. A system according to claim 17, wherein the image reconstructor performs an inverse discrete cosine transform.

28. A system according to claim 17, wherein the image reconstructor maps a set of discrete values to a continuous range of values.

29. A system according to claim 17, wherein the image reconstructor incorporates the difference information into the first image.

30. A method for generating a still image having a desired quality at a receiving terminal based on data received from a communications channel on which a videoconference call is established, the method comprising:

selectively enabling a still mode;

constructing a reconstructed image based on the data when the still mode is enabled, the reconstructed image representing the still image with a first quality lower than the desired quality;

storing the reconstructed image in a memory;

receiving difference information from the communications channel;

constructing a new reconstructed image based on the reconstructed image and on the difference information, the new reconstructed image representing the still image with a second quality higher than the first quality;

storing the new reconstructed image in the memory; and

repeating the process of receiving difference information, constructing a new reconstructed image, and storing the new reconstructed image, including using a summing block and iteratively incorporating difference information to generate an updated image having the second quality higher than the first quality, such that the quality of the updated image is progressively improved as additional difference information is received, the second quality being increased at each iteration until the second quality equals the desired resolution.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the still mode is selectively enabled from the first location.

32. The method of claim 30, wherein the still mode is selectively enabled from the second location.

33. A method according to claim 30, wherein constructing the new reconstructed image includes decoding the difference information according to a Huffman decoding scheme.

34. A method according to claim 30, wherein constructing the new reconstructed image includes mapping a set of discrete values to a continuous range of values.

35. A method according to claim 30, wherein constructing the new reconstructed image includes transforming the difference information according to an inverse discrete cosine transform.

36. A method according to claim 30, wherein constructing the new reconstructed image includes incorporating the difference information into the reconstructed image.

37. A method according to claim 30, wherein the receiving terminal complies with a video compression standard.

38. A method according to claim 37, wherein the video compression standard is the ITU-T H.261 video compression recommendation.

39. A method according to claim 37, wherein the video compression standard is the ITU-T H.263 video compression recommendation.

40. A system for generating a still image having a desired quality based on data received from a communications channel on which a videoconference call is established between a local location and a remote location, the system comprising:

a still mode enabler, configured and arranged to selectively enable a still mode;

a decoder, responsive to the communications channel and configured and arranged to decode the data;

an image constructor, responsive to the decoder and including a summing block for iteratively incorporating difference information into a stored image having a first quality to generate an updated image having a second quality higher than the first quality, such that the quality of the updated image is progressively improved as additional difference information is received; and

a memory, responsive to the image constructor and configured and arranged to store the updated image as the stored image.

41. A system according to claim 40, wherein the decoder includes a Huffman decoder.

42. A system according to claim 40, wherein the image constructor performs an inverse discrete cosine transform.

43. A system according to claim 40, wherein the image constructor maps a set of discrete values to a continuous range of values.

44. A system according to claim 40, wherein the memory comprises a frame buffer.

45. A system according to claim 40, further comprising a buffer coupled between the communications channel and the decoder.

46. A system according to claim 40, wherein the system complies with a video compression standard.

47. A system according to claim 46, wherein the video compression standard is the ITU-T H.261 video compression recommendation.

48. A system according to claim 46, wherein the video compression standard is the ITU-T H.263 video compression standard.

49. An arrangement for communicating a representation of a still image using a communications channel on which a videoconference call has been established between a first location and a second location, the second location using a program causing a video decoder to decode received data sets as a sequence of video images representing live video and the second location having received a first set of data representing the still image as a first image at a first quality level, the arrangement comprising:

a still mode control block configured and arranged to selectively enable a still mode;

a first video terminal located at the first location having a processor programmed for encoding and sending to the second location difference information representing a difference between the first image and the still image when the still mode is enabled;

a second video terminal located at the second location having a processor including a program for decoding the difference information and constructing therefrom a second image having a second quality level higher than the first quality level; and

wherein said first video terminal and said second video terminal are configured to repeatedly, respectively, encode and send and decode and construct to obtain a reconstructed second image having an acceptable quality level.