Counteracting geometric distortions for DCT based watermarking

• US 6,108,434 A
• Filed: 09/12/1997
• Issued: 08/22/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 09/12/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: NEC Corporation
• Original Assignee: Signafy Incorporated
• Inventors: Cox, Ingemar J., Miller, Matthew L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Boudreau, Leo H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Novik, Dmitry A.
• Application Number:
  US08/928,576
• Time in Patent Office: 1,075 Days
• Field of Search: 382/232, 382/233, 382/100, 382/295, 382/275, 382/289, 382/296, 380/54
• US Class Current: 382/100
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0064 Geometric transfor invariant watermarking, e.g. affine transform invariant
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0052 Embedding of the watermark in the frequency domain
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0061 Embedding of the watermark in each block of the image, e.g. segmented watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32154 Transform domain methods H04N1/32309 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32165 using cosine transforms
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32277 Compression
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/467 characterised by the embedded information being invisible, e.g. watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23892 involving embedding information at multiplex stream level, e.g. embedding a watermark at packet level
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/8358 involving watermark protecting executable software by watermarking G06F21/16; image watermarking in general G06T1/0021; watermarks inserted in still images for transmission purposes H04N1/32144; inserting watermarks during video coding H04N19/467

Abstract

Detection of a watermark in blocks of video or image data which has been subjected to affine geometric distortion is accomplished by approximating the distortion by a spatially varying translation of the blocks. The watermark is extracted by spatial translations of the blocks based on an assumed affine geometric distortion. The extracted watermarks are correlated with possible watermarks and the maximum correlator output is tested for statistical significance in order to determine whether a watermark is present in the image or video frame. The data may be compressed or uncompressed data. If the affine geometric distortion is known, a search for the maximum correlator output over a space of possible distortions can be performed.

Claims

1. A method for extracting a watermark from compressed data containing a watermark comprising the steps of:

receiving compressed data containing a watermark in the form of n×

n blocks of data subjected to affine geometric distortion;

spatially translating the blocks according to a spatially varying translation to compensate for an assumed affine geometric distortion; and

extracting the watermark from the translated blocks of data.

2. A method of extracting a watermark from compressed data containing a watermark comprising the steps of:

receiving compressed data containing a watermark in the form of 8×

8 blocks, which data has been subjected to affine geometric distortion;

accumulating said blocks in a set of a predetermined number of groups of 8×

8 blocks;

converting the accumulated blocks into spatial domain;

spatially translating the spatial domain accumulated blocks to compensate for an assumed affine geometric distortion;

summing the translated blocks; and

extracting the watermark from the summed translated blocks.

3. A method of extracting a watermark from compressed data containing a watermark as set forth in claim 2, where said extracting the watermark comprises calculating discrete cosine transform values of the summed translated blocks.

4. A method of extracting a watermark from compressed data containing a watermark as set forth in claim 2, where said spatially translating is repeated for different assumed affine geometric distortions, and said extracting the watermark further comprises determining the most statistically significant extracted watermark for the different assumed affine geometric distortions.

5. A method of extracting a watermark from compressed data containing a watermark comprising the steps of:

receiving compressed data containing a watermark in the form of n×

n blocks, which data has been subjected to affine geometric distortion;

accumulating said blocks in a set of a predetermined number of groups of n×

n blocks;

converting the accumulated blocks into spatial domain;

spatially translating the spatial domain accumulated blocks to compensate for an assumed affine geometric distortion;

summing the translated blocks; and

extracting the watermark from the summed translated blocks.

6. A method of extracting a watermark from compressed data containing a watermark as set forth in claim 5, where said extracting the watermark comprises calculating discrete cosine transform values of the translated blocks.

7. A method of extracting a watermark from compressed data containing a watermark as set forth in claim 5, where said spatially translating is repeated for different assumed affine geometric distortions, and said extracting the watermark further comprises determining the most statistically significant extracted watermark for the different assumed affine geometric distortions.

8. A method of extracting a watermark from compressed data containing a watermark as set forth in claim 5, where the value of n is 8.

9. A method for extracting a watermark from data containing a watermark comprising the steps of:

receiving data containing a watermark, which data has been subjected to affine geometric distortion;

accumulating said data as n×

n blocks of data;

spatially translating the blocks of data to compensate for affine geometric distortion;

performing DCT transformation of said n×

n blocks of data; and

extracting the watermark from the translated blocks of transformed data.

10. A method for extracting a watermark from data containing a watermark as set forth in claim 9, where the value of n is 8.

11. A method for extracting a watermark from data containing a watermark comprising the steps of:

receiving data containing a watermark, which data has been subjected to affine geometric distortion;

accumulating said data into a predetermined number of n×

n accumulated blocks of data according to a mapping algorithm of an assumed affine geometric distortion; and

extracting the watermark from the accumulated blocks of data.

12. A method for extracting a watermark from data containing a watermark as set forth in claim 11, where said mapping algorithm comprises a lookup table.

13. A method for extracting a watermark from data containing a watermark as set forth in claim 11, where the value of n is 8.

14. A method for extracting a watermark from data containing a watermark as set forth in claim 11, further comprising performing DCT transformation of said n×

n accumulated blocks of data and said extracting the watermark from the DCT transformed n×

n accumulated blocks of data.

15. A method for extracting a watermark from data containing a watermark as set forth in claim 14, where said mapping algorithm comprises a lookup table.

16. A method of extracting a watermark from compressed data containing a watermark comprising the steps of:

receiving compressed data containing a watermark in the form of n×

n blocks, which data has been subjected to affine geometric distortion;

accumulating said blocks into a set of a predetermined number of groups of n×

n accumulated blocks according to a mapping algorithm of an assumed affine geometric distortion; and

extracting the watermark from the accumulated blocks.

17. A method of extracting a watermark from compressed data containing a watermark as set forth in claim 16, where said accumulating said blocks is repeated for different assumed affine geometric distortions, and said extracting the watermark further comprises determining the most statistically significant extracted watermark for the different assumed affine geometric distortions.

18. A method of extracting a watermark from compressed data containing a watermark as set forth in claim 16, where the value of n is 8.

19. A method of extracting a watermark from compressed data containing a watermark as set forth in claim 16, where said extracting the watermark comprises:

converting the accumulated blocks into spatial domain;

spatially translating the spatial domain of each accumulated block in each group by an associated translational shift; and

summing the translated blocks in each group to obtain a set of summed blocks, and said extracting the watermark extracts the watermark from the set of summed blocks.

20. A method of extracting a watermark from compressed data containing a watermark as set forth in claim 19, where said accumulating said blocks is repeated for different assumed affine geometric distortions, and said extracting the watermark further comprises determining the most statistically significant extracted watermark for the different assumed affine geometric distortions.

21. A method of extracting a watermark from compressed data containing a watermark as set forth in claim 19, where the value of n is 8.

22. A method of extracting a watermark from compressed data containing a watermark as set forth in claim 19, further comprising performing a translational search of the summed blocks to find the translation that results in the most statistically significant watermark being extracted and extracting the watermark from the translated blocks yielding the most statistically significant watermark.

23. A method of extracting a watermark from compressed data containing a watermark as set forth in claim 22, where said extracting the watermark comprises calculating discrete cosine transform values of the accumulated blocks.

24. A method of extracting a watermark from compressed data containing a watermark as set forth in claim 23, where said accumulating said blocks is repeated for different assumed affine geometric distortions, and said extracting the watermark further comprises determining the most statistically significant extracted watermark for the different assumed affine geometric distortions.