Ethane rejection utilizing stripping gas in cryogenic recovery processes

• US 6,109,061 A
• Filed: 12/31/1998
• Issued: 08/29/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 12/31/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: ABB Randall Corp. (ABB Limited)
• Original Assignee: ABB Randall Corp. (ABB Limited)
• Inventors: Gaskin, Thomas K.
• Primary Examiner(s): CAPOSSELA, RONALD C
• Application Number:
  US09/224,365
• Time in Patent Office: 607 Days
• Field of Search: 62/621
• US Class Current: 62/621
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/02 in a single pressure main column system
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/70 Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2205/04 in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2210/06 Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2210/12 Refinery or petrochemical off-gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2240/02 Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2240/40 Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0209 Natural gas or substitute natural gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0219 Refinery gas, cracking gas, coke oven gas, gaseous mixtures containing aliphatic unsaturated CnHm or gaseous mixtures of undefined nature
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0233 separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0242 separation of CnHm with 3 carbon atoms or more

Abstract

A process is shown for separating a relatively hot feed gas containing methane, ethane and heavier hydrocarbon constituents into a volatile residue gas and a primarily liquid bottoms. The feed gas is cooled to partially condense the feed gas to form a liquid portion which is expanded and fed to a fractionating column. The expanded liquid portion flows down the column in countercurrent fashion to vapors flowing up the column to separate the relatively less volatile fraction as column bottoms. A side reboiler heats and vaporizes a portion of the liquids flowing down the fractionating column to provide stripping vapors which flow up the column. A portion of the relatively hot, methane rich feed gas entering the process is routed to the column at a selected location in order to raise the relative volatility of liquids near the bottom of the column, resulting in ethane rejection.

Claims

1. A process for separation of a relatively hot, methane rich feed gas containing methane, ethane and heavier hydrocarbon constituents into a volatile residue gas containing primarily methane and ethane and a relatively less volatile fraction, the process comprising the steps of:

cooling the feed gas;

expanding the feed gas to form an expanded portion containing liquid;

treating at least some of the expanded portion liquid in a fractionating column by flowing the expanded portion liquid downwardly in the column between a top and a bottom thereof in counter current fashion to vapors flowing up the column to separate the relatively less volatile fraction as column bottoms;

wherein the fractionating column includes a main reboiler which heats and vaporizes a portion of the liquids flowing down the fractionating column to thereby provide stripping vapors which flow up the column; and

wherein a portion of the relatively hot, methane rich feed gas entering the process is routed to a bottom section of the column to upset a normally existing vapor-liquid equilibrium and thereby strip out undesired ethane from the liquid.

2. The process of claim 1, wherein the relatively hot, methane rich feed gas entering the process is routed to a point on the column just above the main reboiler.

3. The process of claim 2, further comprising the steps of:

providing a flow control valve in the branch conduit used to route a portion of the relatively hot inlet gas to the point on the column just above the main reboiler;

regulating the flow of relatively hot inlet gas through the flow control valve to thereby vary the relative percentage of ethane present in volatile gas near the bottom of the column.

4. A process for separation of a relatively hot, methane rich feed gas containing methane, ethane and heavier hydrocarbon constituents into a volatile residue gas containing primarily methane and ethane and a relatively less volatile fraction, the process comprising the steps of:

cooling the feed gas;

expanding the feed gas to form an expanded portion containing liquid;

treating at least some of the expanded portion liquid in a fractionating column by flowing the expanded portion liquid downwardly in the column between a top and a bottom thereof in counter current fashion to vapors flowing up the column to separate the relatively less volatile fraction as column bottoms;

wherein the fractionating column includes a main reboiler and at least one additional side reboiler which together heat and vaporize a portion of the liquids flowing down the fractionating column to thereby provide stripping vapors which flow up the column; and

wherein a portion of the relatively hot, methane rich feed gas entering the process is routed through a branch conduit to the side reboiler to upset a normally existing vapor-liquid equilibrium and thereby strip out undesired ethane from the liquid.

5. The process of claim 4, wherein the main reboiler is located at a first position on the fractionating column and the side reboiler is located at a second, relatively higher position on the fractionating column and wherein the relatively hot feed gas is introduced to a return line of the side reboiler.

6. The process of claim 4, wherein a plurality of side reboilers are present at spaced vertical locations on the fractionating column and the relatively hot feed gas is routed through the branch conduit to the return line of the lowest side reboiler.

7. The process of claim 5, further comprising the steps of:

providing a flow control valve in the branch conduit used to route a portion of the relatively hot inlet gas to the side reboiler return line;

regulating the flow of relatively hot inlet gas through the flow control valve to thereby vary the relative percentage of ethane present in volatile gas present near the bottom of the column.

8. The process of claim 4, wherein mechanical refrigeration is used to supplement cooling of the feed gas.

9. The process of claim 4, wherein the routing of the relatively hot, methane rich feed gas entering the process through the branch conduit to the column is accomplished by retrofitting an existing process to enhance the removal of ethane from liquid present in a column of the process.