Creating and modifying curves on a computer display

• US 6,111,588 A
• Filed: 12/05/1996
• Issued: 08/29/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 12/05/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Adobe Systems Incorporated (Adobe Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Adobe Systems Incorporated (Adobe Inc.)
• Inventors: Newell, Martin E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Zimmerman, Mark K.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Lee, Albert K.
• Application Number:
  US08/761,186
• Time in Patent Office: 1,363 Days
• Field of Search: 345/440-442, 345/439, 345/138, 345/139
• US Class Current: 345/442
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/20 Drawing from basic elements, e.g. lines or circles

Abstract

A computer-implemented method modifies a curve in response to a user action through a graphical user interface in the computer system, with the curve being defined by control points. Each of the control points is identified in response to user input as a fixed control point, a selected control point, or a free control point. A displacement of selected points is received, and a free slope control point of the curve is mapped to a point Tp on a line t. An interpolation curve IC(t) is defined on the line t, and a point Tp is projected to the value of the interpolation curve IC(t) at t equals Tp to find a scale factor. The scale factor is multiplied by the displacement of the selected points to determine the displacement of the free control point. A computer-implemented graphical user interface method creates a Bezier curve segment on a display in a computer system. A selection of a first segment end point is received through a graphical user interface in the computer system. The position of a cursor on the computer display is received as a second segment end point. The first and second slope points are calculated so that the Bezier segment defined by the first and second segment end points and the first and second slope points approximates an arc. The calculated Bezier curve segment is displayed on the computer display.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method comprising:

displaying a composite curve on a display device of a computer system having a graphical user interface, the composite curve being made up of multiple segments connected end to end, each segment having multiple control points including two segment end points, the control points of the segments being the control points of the composite curve;

while the composite curve is being displayed, interactively receiving from the user one or more selection inputs through the graphical user interface, the selection inputs causing each of the control points to be identified as exactly one of a fixed control point, a selected control point, or a free control point, the selection inputs identifying multiple control points as selected control points; and

after the selection inputs are received, receiving from the user a displacement input through the graphical user interface, and then, in interactive response to the displacement input, moving the multiple selected control points as a rigid group on the display device and displaying a recalculated composite curve according to the displacement of the selected control points, the composite curve being recalculated leaving the fixed control points fixed and moving the free control points by an interpolated amount so as to maintain the general shape and details of the composite curve and to maintain smooth transitions between segments of the composite curve.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

mapping all the free control points that are segment end points to corresponding points on a line t;

defining an interpolation curve IC(t) on the line t;

projecting the points on the line t perpendicularly to corresponding values of the interpolation curve IC(t) to find corresponding scale factors; and

multiplying the scale factors by the displacement of the selected points to determine the corresponding displacements of the free control points that are segment end points.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the control points include slope points associated with segment end points, the method further comprising:

mapping a free slope point to a point Tp+ on the line t, the free slope point being associated with a segment end point mapped to a point Tp on the line t;

defining a line Yp(t) tangent to the interpolation curve IC(t) at t equals Tp;

projecting the point Tp+ perpendicularly from the line t to the value of the line Yp(t) at t equals Tp+ to find a scale factor for the free slope point; and

multiplying the scale factors of the free segment end point and free slope point by the displacement of the selected points to determine the displacements of the free segment end point and free slope point.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the corresponding scale factor is equal to the value of the interpolation curve IC(t).

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

defining the value of IC(t) to be in a range from 0 to 1, whereby the free control point is moved by a displacement less than the displacement of the selected points.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein the curve has a first control point, the method further comprising:

defining a polyline that passes through the segment end points of the composite curve;

calculating the total length of the polyline, wherein the position of a corresponding point on line t is defined by the ratio of (i) the polyline length between the first control point and the corresponding segment end point to (ii) the total length of the polyline.

7. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

defining the line t as being perpendicular to the direction of the displacement, wherein the step of mapping free control points projects the free control points of the curve perpendicularly onto the line t.

8. The method of claim 2 wherein the interpolation curve is defined as a third-order cubic curve.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

identifying in response to user input a first group of control points having a selected control point and a free control point and a second group of control points having a selected control point and a free control point, the first group of control points being separated from the second group of control points by a fixed control point;

receiving a single displacement factor for both the first group of selected control points and the second group of selected control points;

mapping the free control point of the first group to a point Tp1 on a first line t1, and mapping the free control point of the second group to a point Tp2 on a second line t2;

defining a first interpolation curve IC(t1) on the first line t1, and defining a second interpolation curve IC(t2) on the second line t2;

projecting the point Tp1 to the first interpolation curve IC(t1) at t1 equals Tp1 to find a first scale factor, and projecting the point Tp2 to the second interpolation curve IC(t2) at t2 equals Tp2 to find second scale factor; and

multiplying the first scale factor by the single displacement factor to determine the displacement of the first group free control point, and multiplying the second scale factor by the single displacement factor to determine the displacement of the second group free control point.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the multiple segments comprise Bezier segments.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving multiple displacement inputs while the curve is being displayed and in response to each displacement input moving the selected points as a rigid group on the display device and displaying a recalculated curve according to the displacement as recited in claim 1.

12. The method of claim 1, where the user input specifying the displacement specifies both a magnitude and a direction of the displacement.

13. The method of claim 1, where receiving an input specifying a displacement comprises receiving a user interface gesture of dragging the selected control points.

14. A computer-implemented method comprising:

displaying composite curves on a display device of a computer system having a graphical user interface, the composite curves being made up of multiple segments connected end to end, each segment having multiple control points including two segment end points, the control points of the segments being the control points of the composite curves;

while the composite curves are being displayed, interactively receiving from the user one or more selection inputs through the graphical user interface, the selection inputs causing each of the control points to be identified as exactly one of a fixed control point, a selected control point, or a free control point, the selection inputs identifying multiple control points as selected control points; and

after the selection inputs are received, receiving from the user a displacement input through the graphical user interface, and then, in interactive response to the displacement input, moving the multiple selected control points as a rigid group on the display device and displaying a recalculated composite curve according to the displacement of the selected control points, the composite curve being recalculated leaving the fixed control points fixed and moving the free control points by an interpolated amount so as to maintain the general shape and details of the composite curve and to maintain smooth transitions between segments of the composite curve.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the multiple segments comprise Bezier segments.

16. A computer program residing on a computer-readable medium comprising instructions for causing a computer to:

display a composite curve on a display device of a computer system having a graphical user interface, the composite curve being made up of multiple segments connected end to end, each segment having multiple control points including two segment end points, the control points of the segments being the control points of the composite curve;

receive interactively from the user, while the composite curve is being displayed, one or more selection inputs through the graphical user interface, the selection inputs causing each of the control points to be identified as exactly one of a fixed control point, a selected control point, or a free control point, the selection inputs identifying multiple control points as selected control points; and

receive from the user, after the selection inputs are received, a displacement input through the graphical user interface, and then, in interactive response to the displacement input, move the multiple selected control points as a rigid group on the display device and display a recalculated composite curve according to the displacement of the selected control points, the composite curve being recalculated leaving the fixed control points fixed and moving the free control points by an interpolated amount so as to maintain the general shape and details of the composite curve and to maintain smooth transitions between segments of the composite curve.

17. The computer program of claim 16, further comprising instructions for causing the computer to:

map all the free control points that are segment end points to corresponding points on a line t;

define an interpolation curve IC(t) on the line t;

project the points on the line t perpendicularly to corresponding values of the interpolation curve IC(t) to find corresponding scale factors; and

multiply the scale factors by the displacement of the selected points to determine the corresponding displacements of the free control points that are the segment end points.

18. The computer program of claim 17, wherein the control points include slope points associated with segment end points, the computer program further comprising instructions for causing the computer to:

map a free slope point to a point Tp+ on the line t, the free slope point being associated with a segment end point mapped to a point Tp on the line t;

define a line Yp(t) tangent to the interpolation curve IC(t) at t equals Tp;

project the point Tp+ perpendicularly from the line t to the value of the line Yp(t) at t equals Tp+ to find a scale factor for the free slope point; and

multiply the scale factors of the free segment end point and free slope point by the displacement of the selected points to determine the displacements of the free segment end point and free slope point.

19. The computer program of claim 16, further comprising instructions for causing the computer system to:

define the value of IC(t) to be in a range from 0 to 1, whereby the free control point is moved by a displacement less than the displacement of the selected points.

20. The computer program of claim 16, further comprising instructions for causing the computer to:

identify in response to user input a first group of control points having a selected control point and a free control point and a second group of control points having a selected control point and a free control point, the first group of control points being separated from the second group of control points by a fixed control point;

receive a single displacement factor for both the first group of selected control points and the second group of selected control points;

map the free control point of the first group to a point Tp1 on a first line t1, and map the free control point of the second group to a point Tp2 on a second line t2;

define a first interpolation curve IC(t1) on the first line t1, and define a second interpolation curve IC(t2) on the second line t2;

project the point Tp1 to the first interpolation curve IC(t1) at t1 equals Tp1 to find a first scale factor, and project the point Tp2 to the second interpolation curve IC(t2) at t2 equals Tp2 to find second scale factor; and

multiply the first scale factor by the single displacement factor to determine the displacement of the first group free control point, and multiply the second scale factor by the single displacement factor to determine the displacement of the second group free control point.

21. The computer program of claim 16, wherein the multiple segments comprise Bezier segments.

22. A computer program residing on a computer-readable medium, the computer program comprising instructions for causing a computer to:

display a composite curve on a display device of a computer system having a graphical user interface, the composite curve being made up of multiple segments connected end to end, each segment having multiple control points including two segment end points, the control points of the segments being the control points of the composite curve;

receive interactively from the user, while the composite curve is being displayed, one or more selection inputs through the graphical user interface, the selection inputs causing each of the control points to be identified as exactly one of a fixed control point, a selected control point, or a free control point, the selection inputs identifying multiple control points as selected control points; and

receive from the user, after the selection inputs are received, a displacement input through the graphical user interface, and then, in interactive response to the displacement input, move the multiple selected control points as a rigid group on the display device and display a recalculated composite curve according to the displacement of the selected control points, the composite curve being recalculated leaving the fixed control points fixed and moving the free control points by an interpolated amount so as to maintain the general shape and details of the composite curve and to maintain smooth transitions between segments of the composite curve.

23. The computer program of claim 22, wherein the multiple segments comprise Bezier segments.

24. A computer-implemented method comprising:

displaying a curve to a user, the curve being a composite curve made up of multiple segments connected end to end, each of the segments having a plurality of control points;

receiving a user input selecting an endpoint of the composite curve at which the slope of the composite curve is to be modified and defining a slope displacement;

mapping each control point that is a segment end point of the composite curve to a corresponding point Tp on a line t;

defining an interpolation curve IC(t) on the line t, the interpolation curve satisfying the conditions that IC(0)=0, IC(1)=1, dIC(0)/dt>

0, and dIC(1)/dt=0;

projecting each point Tp to the value of the interpolation curve IC(t) at t equals Tp to find a corresponding scale factor; and

multiplying the corresponding scale factor by the displacement to determine the displacement of the corresponding control point.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the interpolation curve IC(t) is a Bernstein polynomial.

26. The method of claim 24, further comprising:

providing as a user interface function an approximating segment computed to fit the composite curve, the approximating segment having one slope control point associated with each endpoint of the approximating segment; and

receiving a user input selecting and displacing one of the slope control points, the user by so doing selecting the endpoint at which the slope is to be modified and defining the slope displacement vector.

27. The method of claim 24, wherein segments of the composite curve are Bezier segments.

28. The method of claim 24, wherein the composite curve is a portion of a larger composite curve.

29. A computer program, residing on a computer-readable medium, the computer program comprising instructions for causing the computer system to:

display a curve to a user, the curve being a composite curve made up of multiple segments connected end to end, each of the segments having a plurality of control points;

receive a user input selecting an endpoint of the composite curve at which the slope of the composite curve is to be modified and define a slope displacement;

map each control point that is a segment end point of the composite curve to a corresponding point Tp on a line t;

define an interpolation curve IC(t) on the line t, the interpolation curve satisfying the conditions that IC(0)=0, IC(1)=1, dIC(0)/dt>

0, and dIC(1)/dt=0;

project each point Tp to the value of the interpolation curve IC(t) at t equals Tp to find a corresponding scale factor; and

multiply the corresponding scale factor by the displacement to determine the displacement of the corresponding control point.

30. The computer program of claim 29, wherein the interpolation curve IC(t) is a Bernstein polynomial.