Method and apparatus for making quality of service measurements on a connection across a network

• US 6,112,236 A
• Filed: 11/21/1996
• Issued: 08/29/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 01/29/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Viavi Solutions, Inc. (Lumentum Holdings Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Company (HP Inc.)
• Inventors: Goldsack, Patrick, Dollin, Christopher James
• Primary Examiner(s): Burgess, Glenton B.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Le, Hieu C.
• Application Number:
  US08/754,668
• Time in Patent Office: 1,377 Days
• Field of Search: 395/200.53, 395/200.54, 395/500, 370/517, 370/519, 370/253, 370/14, 370/15, 375/226, 375/244, 375/245, 709/227, 709/223, 709/224
• US Class Current: 709/224
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/5625 Operations, administration and maintenance [OAM]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/5628 Testing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/5636 Monitoring or policing, e.g. compliance with allocated rate, corrective actions
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/5638 Services, e.g. multimedia, GOS, QOS
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/00 Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/06 Generation of reports
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/0829 Packet loss
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/0852 Delays
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/087 Jitter
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/106 using time related information in packets, e.g. by adding timestamps
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/12 Network monitoring probes
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 11/0478 Provisions for broadband connections

Abstract

The quality of service provided by a connection in transferring data units (19) between first and second points (A, B) across a network (10), is measured by a method involving monitoring the normal connection traffic at the first and second points (A, B) to detect the occurrence of the same events at each point (unit 22). An event is deemed to have occurred at a monitored network point when a predetermined set of criteria concerning one or more data units is satisfied by the connection data-unit traffic at the point concerned. Whenever an event is detected, an event report or "digest" is generated (unit 25), this digest including a signature based on the contents of the data units giving rise to the event. Digests from both monitored network points (A, B) are sent to a correlation unit (30) where digests relating to the occurrence of the same event at the two network points are matched up. The matched digest pairs are then passed to a measurement unit (31) to derive quality of service measurements.

Claims

1. Apparatus for measuring the quality of service provided by a connection in transferring data units between first and second points across a network, said apparatus comprising:

respective event-capture means at each of said first and second points, each event-capture means comprising;

storage means for storing an event definition defining an event in terms of a criterion set of one or more criteria to be met by a group of said data units passing in a common direction across said connection, at least one said criteria relating to an interrelationship between at least two said data units of said group, which interrelationship is observable at the event capture means, and said criterion set for each of said event-capture means being non mutually exclusive;

monitoring means for monitoring the network at the corresponding said point to identify data units associated with said connection and detect occurrences of a said event satisfying said criterion set;

report means for generating for each detected event an event report having a signature-characteristic of that specific event, the report means comprising signature means for deriving said signature from the said group of at least one said data unit associated with the event concerned;

the event reports from said event-capture means at said first and second points respectively forming a source report stream and a sink report stream;

correlation means for receiving said source and sink report streams and for pairing from the two streams those event reports that relate to the same said event by matching their signatures, the event reports so paired constituting matched event-report pairs; and

measurement means for utilising said matched event-report pairs to derive quality of service measurements therefrom in respect of the operation of said connection between said first and second points.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each time said monitoring means receives a said data unit of said connection, the monitoring means generates a corresponding time stamp and associates it with the data unit concerned, said criterion set comprising

a criterion based on the relative time of receipt of at least two said data units as indicated by their associated time stamps.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said monitoring means includes event time stamp means operative each time a said event is detected by said monitoring means to generate a time stamp corresponding to the time of occurrence of that event, said report means incorporating such time stamp in the event report for the said event.

4. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said signature means comprises means for generating for predetermined said data units associated with a said event, a function of each such data unit;

and means for combining together said functions to form the signature of the event.

5. Apparatus for measuring the quality of service provided by a connection in transferring data units between first and second points across a network, said apparatus comprising:

respective event-capture means at each of said first and second points, each event-capture means comprising;

storage means for storing an event definition defining an event in terms of a criterion set of one or more criteria to be met by a group of data units passing in a common direction across said connection, said criterion set for each of said event-capture means differing from each other but being non mutually exclusive;

monitoring means for monitoring the network at the corresponding said point to identify data units associated with said connection and detect occurrences of a said event satisfying said criterion set;

report means for generating for each detected event an event report having a signature characteristic of that specific event, the report means comprising signature means for deriving said signature from the said group of at least one said data unit associated with the event concerned;

the event reports from said event-capture means at said first and second points respectively forming a source report stream and a sink report stream;

correlation means for receiving said source and sink report streams and for pairing from the two streams those event reports that relate to the same said event by matching their signatures, the event reports so paired constituting matched event-report pairs; and

measurement means for utilising said matched event-report pairs to derive quality of service measurements therefrom in respect of the operation of said connection between said first and second points.

6. Apparatus according to claim 5, where the criterion sets of the two said event-capture means are such that events falling within the event definition of one said event capture means constitute a subset of events falling within the event definition of the other said event capture means.

7. Apparatus for measuring the quality of service provided by a connection in transferring data units between first and second points across a network, said apparatus comprising:

respective event-capture means at each of said first and second points, each event-capture means comprising;

storage means for storing an event definition defining an event in terms of a criterion set of one or more criteria to be met by a group of data units passing in a common direction across said connection, at least one said criteria relating to an inter-relationship between at least two said data units of said group, which interrelationship is observable at the event capture means, said criterion set for each of said event-capture means being non mutually exclusive;

monitoring means for monitoring the network at the corresponding said point to identify data units associated with said connection and detect occurrences of a said event satisfying said criterion set;

report means for generating for each detected event an event report having a signature characteristic of that specific event, the report means comprising signature means for deriving said signature from the said group of at least one said data unit associated with the event concerned;

the event reports from said event-capture means at said first and second points respectively forming a source report stream and a sink report stream; and

means for generating a criterion-set identifier for identifying a current said criterion set, said report means being operative to incorporate said criterion-set identifier into the event report for a said event;

correlation means for receiving said source and sink report streams and for pairing from the two streams those event reports that relate to the same said event by matching their signatures, the event reports so paired constituting matched event-report pairs; and

measurement means for utilising said matched event-report pairs to derive quality of service measurements therefrom in respect of the operation of said connection between said first and second points.

8. Apparatus for measuring the quality of service provided by a connection in transferring data units between first and second points across a network, said apparatus comprising:

respective event-capture means at each of said first and second points, each event-capture means comprising;

storage means for storing an event definition defining an event in terms of a criterion set of one or more criteria to be met by a group of at least one said data unit associated with said connection, said criterion set for each of said event-capture means being non mutually exclusive;

monitoring means for monitoring the network at the corresponding said point to identify data units associated with said connection and detect occurrences of a said event satisfying said criterion set;

report means for generating for each detected event an event report having a signature characteristic of that specific event, the report means comprising signature means for deriving said signature from the said group of at least one said data unit associated with the event concerned;

the event reports from said event-capture means at said first and second points respectively forming a source report stream and a sink report stream; and

wherein said signature means comprises means for generating at least one signette of known type selected from a predetermined group of possible signette types, each said signette being characteristic of the corresponding said event, and means for forming a said signature from said at least one signette in a manner enabling the type of the or each signette included in the signature to be identified by said correlation means;

correlation means for receiving said source and sink report streams and for pairing from the two streams those event reports that relate to the same said event by matching their signatures, the event reports so paired constituting matched event-report pairs; and

measurement means for utilising said matched event-report pairs to derive quality of service measurements therefrom in respect of the operation of said connection between said first and second points.

9. Apparatus for measuring the quality of service provided by a connection in transferring data units between first and second points across a network, said apparatus comprising:

respective event-capture means at each of said first and second points, each event-capture means comprising;

storage means for storing an event definition defining an event in terms of a criterion set of one or more criteria to be met by a group of data units passing in a common direction across said connection, at least one said criteria relating to an inter-relationship between at least two said data units of said group, which interrelationship is observable at the event capture means, said criterion set for each of said event-capture means being non mutually exclusive;

monitoring means for monitoring the network at the corresponding said point to identify data units associated with said connection and detect occurrences of a said event satisfying said criterion set;

report means for generating for each detected event an event report having a signature characteristic of that specific event, the report means comprising signature means for deriving said signature from the said group of at least one said data unit associated with the event concerned;

the event reports from said event-capture means at said first and second points respectively forming a source report stream and a sink report stream; and

correlation means for receiving said source and sink report streams and for pairing from the two streams those event reports that relate to the same said event by matching their signatures, the event reports so paired constituting matched event-report pairs;

bandwidth control means for regulating the data rate of at least one of said source and sink report streams by adaptively controlling the size of the said event reports included therein in dependence on said data rate, the bandwidth control means controlling the size of said event reports by causing the corresponding said report means to alter the make up of the event reports; and

measurement means for utilising said matched event-report pairs to derive quality of service measurements therefrom in respect of the operation of said connection between said first and second points.

10. Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said bandwidth control means is responsive to the data rate of at least one said source and sink report streams to cause the report means of both said event-capture units to correspondingly and simultaneously change the size of the event reports generated thereby.

11. Apparatus according to claim 10, wherein each said event-capture means includes timestamp means for generating a timestamp relating to the time of occurrence of a said event or of a said data unit associated with that event, and means for generating a criterion-set identifier for identifying a current said criterion set;

said report means including, in addition to said signature means, combining means for forming a said event report from said signature, timestamp and criterion-set identifier;

said combining means of both said event-capture units being correspondingly and simultaneously controlled by said bandwidth control means to selectively exclude at least one of said timestamp and said criterion-set identifier from said event reports.

12. Apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said bandwidth control means is operative to cause the signature means of both said event capture units to correspondingly and simultaneously change the length of the signatures generated thereby.

13. Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said bandwidth control means comprises respective bandwidth control units in each said event-capture means;

each bandwidth control unit being operative to adaptively control the size of the event reports generated by the reports means of the same event-capture unit in dependence on the date rate of the corresponding one of said source and sink report streams output thereby.

14. Apparatus according to claim 13, wherein each said event-capture means includes timestamp means for generating a timestamp relating to the time of occurrence of a said event or of a said data unit associated with that event, and means for generating a criterion-set identifier for identifying a current said criterion set;

said report means including, in addition to said signature means, combining means for forming a said event report from said signature, timestamp and criterion-set identifier;

each said combining means being controlled by the bandwidth control unit of the same event-capture unit to selectively exclude at least one of said timestamp and said criterion-set identifier from said event reports.

15. Apparatus according to claim 13, wherein each said bandwidth control unit is operative to cause the signature means of the same event capture unit to change the length of the signatures generated thereby.

16. Apparatus according to claim 15, wherein each signature is made up of at least one signette of known type selected from a predetermined group of possible signette types, each said signette being characteristic of the corresponding said event, said bandwidth control unit controlling said signature means to vary the number of signettes making up a said signature, and said correlation means attempting to match signatures by comparing signettes of the same type contained in the signatures concerned.

17. Apparatus for measuring the quality of service provided by a connection in transferring data units between first and second points across a network, said apparatus comprising:

respective event-capture means at each of said first and second points, each event-capture means comprising;

storage means for storing an event definition defining an event in terms of a criterion set of one or more criteria to be met by a group of at least one said data unit associated with said connection, said criterion set for each of said event-capture means being non mutually exclusive;

monitoring means for monitoring the network at the corresponding said point to identify data units associated with said connection and detect occurrences of a said event satisfying said criterion set;

report means for generating for each detected event an event report having a signature characteristic of that specific event, the report means comprising signature means for deriving said signature from the said group of at least one said data unit associated with the event concerned;

the event reports from said event-capture means at said first and second points respectively forming a source report stream and a sink report stream; and

correlation means for receiving said source and sink report streams and for pairing from the two streams those event reports that relate to the same said event by matching their signatures, the event reports so paired constituting matched event-report pairs, said correlation means comprising;

a source queue for queuing event reports in said source report stream;

a sink queue for queuing event reports in said sink report stream;

comparison means for comparing the head event report of the source queue with the first N event reports in the sink queue starting with the head entry of that queue;

said comparison means upon determining a match between said head event report of the source queue and a said event report in said sink queue, outputting the matched event reports as a said matched event-report pair and discarding from said sink queue any event reports ahead of the matched event report of that queue; and

control means for causing repeated operation of said comparison means to service said queues; and

measurement means for utilising said matched event-report pairs to derive quality of service measurements therefrom in respect of the operation of said connection between said first and second points.

18. Apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said correlation means further comprises count means for keeping a count of the discarded event reports as a count of inserted events.

19. Apparatus for measuring the quality of service provided by a connection in transferring data units between first and second points across a network, said apparatus comprising:

respective event-capture means at each of said first and second points, each event-capture means comprising;

storage means for storing an event definition defining an event in terms of a criterion set of one or more criteria to be met by a group of at least one said data unit associated with said connection, said criterion set for each of said event-capture means being non mutually exclusive;

monitoring means for monitoring the network at the corresponding said point to identify data units associated with said connection and detect occurrences of a said event satisfying said criterion set;

report means for generating for each detected event an event report having a signature characteristic of that specific event, the report means comprising signature means for deriving said signature from the said group of at least one said data unit associated with the event concerned;

the event reports from said event-capture means at said first and second points respectively forming a source report stream and a sink report stream; and

correlation means for receiving said source and sink report streams and for pairing from the two streams those event reports that relate to the same said event by matching their signatures, the event reports so paired constituting matched event-report pairs, said correlation means further comprising;

a source queue for queuing event reports in said source report stream;

a sink queue for queuing event reports in said sink report stream;

comparison means for comparing the head event report of the sink queue with the first N event reports in the source queue starting with the head entry of that queue, said comparison means upon determining a match between said head event report of the sink queue and a said event report in said source queue, outputting the matched event reports as a said matched event-report pair and discarding from the source queue any event reports ahead of the matched event report of that queue; and

control means for causing repeated operation of said comparison means to service said queues; and

measurement means for utilising said matched event-report pairs to derive quality of service measurements therefrom in respect of the operation of said connection between said first and second points.

20. Apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said correlation means further comprises count means for keeping a count of the discarded event reports as a count of lost events.