Clock free two-dimensional barcode and method for printing and reading the same

• US 6,115,508 A
• Filed: 08/14/1998
• Issued: 09/05/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 12/08/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Limited (Panasonic Holdings Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Limited (Panasonic Holdings Corporation)
• Inventors: Zhou, Jiangying, Lopresti, Daniel P., Esakov, Jeffrey
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, Thomas D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Chen, Wenpeng
• Application Number:
  US09/134,327
• Time in Patent Office: 753 Days
• Field of Search: 382/232, 382/306, 235/462, 235/494, 235/456, 235/454, 235/487, 380/49, 380/54, 380/18, 380/51, 380/55, 380/30, 380/23, 358/403
• US Class Current: 382/306
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 1/121 by printing code marks applying code marks to labels B65C9/46; marking or coding completed packages B65B61/26
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/06037 multi-dimensional coding
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1093 sensing, after transfer of the image of the data-field to an intermediate store, e.g. storage with cathode ray tube
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1417 2D bar codes
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1452 detecting bar code edges

Abstract

Inventive two-dimensional barcodes, each having encoded digital information in a bitmap representing preferably randomized encoded data bits, are printed onto a printed medium. The bitmap may further include a plurality of block identifiers, spaced a predetermined number of encoded data bits apart, which are used to make corrections for missing or added data bits when the barcode is decoded. Upon decoding a barcode printed on the printed media, the digital information is scanned and the number of horizontal and vertical edges in each respective column and row of the barcode are determined. An edge is determined by selecting a pixel and determining if the two pixels adjacent to the selected pixel are of different colors. After all of the edges are counted, selected groups of columns and rows are analyzed to determine local minimas in the number of counted horizontal and vertical edges in each selected group which provide the column and row center line for each selected group. Thereafter, the binary data located at the intersection of each column and row center line are read out to produce a signal representative of the encoded digital information in the printed barcode.

Claims

1. A method of encoding information for printing on a printed medium for later decoding without the use of clocking bits and without the use of a border, comprising the steps of:

converting said information into a data stream having a sequence of "0" and "1" characters representing data bits;

randomizing said data stream to produce a randomized data stream having a sequence of "0" and "1" characters;

formatting the randomized data stream into a two-dimensional bitmap of rows and columns including only the randomized data stream bits; and

printing the formatted bitmap onto said printed medium.

2. The method as in claim 1, further comprising the step of compressing said information.

3. The method as in claim 2, further comprising the step of adding error correction code data bits to said data stream.

4. The method as in claim 3, further comprising the step of duplicating said data stream to produce redundant data for improving reliability upon encoding.

5. The method as in claim 4, wherein the step of formatting includes adding header information to said data stream to produce a standard portable bitmap (PBM) format.

6. The method as in claim 5, wherein the step of formatting includes adding one horizontal or one vertical deskewing strip having a length approximately equal to the row or column length, respectively.

7. The method as in claim 6, wherein the step of formatting further includes converting said PBM format to Encapsulated Postscript.

8. The method as in claim 1, wherein said step of randomizing said data stream randomizes the stream bit-by-bit.

9. A computer-readable information storage medium having encoded thereon a two-dimensional data barcode comprising a bitmap formatted representation of digital encoded information having a selected pixel row and column length, and having a plurality of block identifiers, each having a predetermined value and each positioned at a predetermined location such that each block identifier being spaced a predetermined number of rows or columns apart to permit automatic correction of said encoded information decoded from said barcode if, in the decoded information, the number of rows or columns between two sequential block identifiers does not equal said predetermined number.

10. A computer-readable information storage medium having encoded thereon a two-dimensional data barcode comprising a bitmap formatted representation of randomized encoded information having a selected pixel row and column length, and having a plurality of block identifiers, each having a predetermined value and each positioned at a predetermined location such that each block identifier being spaced a predetermined number of rows or columns apart to permit automatic correction of said encoded information decoded from said barcode if, in the decoded information, the number of rows or columns between two sequential block identifiers does not equal said predetermined number.

11. The computer-readable information storage medium as in one of claims 9-10, further comprising at least one horizontal or vertical deskewing strip having a length approximately equal to the row or column length, respectively.

12. The computer-readable information storage medium as in claim 10, wherein said randomized encoded information being randomized bit-by-bit.