Scalable audio coder and decoder

• US 6,115,689 A
• Filed: 05/27/1998
• Issued: 09/05/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 05/27/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Malvar, Henrique Sarmento
• Primary Examiner(s): Dorvil, Richemond
• Application Number:
  US09/085,620
• Time in Patent Office: 832 Days
• Field of Search: 704/500, 704/230, 704/200, 704/204, 704/205, 704/502, 704/503, 704/504
• US Class Current: 704/503
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/0212 using orthogonal transformation
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/24 Variable rate codecs, e.g. for generating different qualities using a scalable representation such as hierarchical encoding or layered encoding

Abstract

The coder/decoder (codec) system of the present invention includes a coder and a decoder. The coder includes a multi-resolution transform processor, such as a modulated lapped transform (MLT) transform processor, a weighting processor, a uniform quantizer, a masking threshold spectrum processor, an entropy encoder, and a communication device, such as a multiplexor (MUX) for multiplexing (combining) signals received from the above components for transmission over a single medium. The decoder comprises inverse components of the encoder, such as an inverse multi-resolution transform processor, an inverse weighting processor, an inverse uniform quantizer, an inverse masking threshold spectrum processor, an inverse entropy encoder, and an inverse MUX. With these components, the present invention is capable of performing resolution switching, spectral weighting, digital encoding, and parametric modeling.

Claims

1. A method for processing a signal, said method comprising:

receiving an input audio signal in digital format;

computing a modulated lapped transform with first analysis and synthesis windows from the received input audio signal;

modifying the modulated lapped transform to produce a nonuniform modulated lapped transform having high-frequency subbands and second analysis and synthesis windows different from the first analysis and synthesis windows;

combining the high-frequency subbands to enhance time resolution; and

switching the combined high-frequency subbands based on predetermined signal spectrum information for efficiently processing the audio signal.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the nonuniform modulated lapped transform is spectrally weighted for auditory masking of quantization noise.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the nonuniform modulated lapped transform is partially whitened for auditory masking of quantization noise.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the nonuniform modulated lapped transform is quantized.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein quantization is performed using an optimum step size determined by using a binary search of possible quantization step sizes.

6. The method of claim 4 wherein the quantized nonuniform modulated lapped transform is entropy encoded.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the input signal is comprised of blocks of samples and wherein entropy encoding uses a unique parametric model for each block of samples.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the nonuniform modulated lapped transform uses a set of biorthogonal windows based on modified cosine functions.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein time separation results are improved on the nonuniform modulated lapped transform construction when four subands are combined.

10. A coder stored on computer readable memory of a computer system for coding an input audio signal, the coder comprising:

a multi-resolution transform processor for receiving the input audio signal in a digital format and producing transform coefficients from the input audio signal;

a weighting processor with a masking threshold spectrum processor for masking quantization noise by spectrally weighting and partial whitening the transform coefficients;

a uniform quantizer for converting continuous values to discrete values;

an entropy encoder for encoding the transform coefficients; and

a parametric modeling processor for producing a dictionary of input strings from symbol probabilities, wherein the input strings are used by the entropy encoder for efficiently coding the audio signal.

11. The coder of claim 10 wherein the transform coefficients are produced using a set of biorthogonal windows based on modified cosine functions.

12. The coder of claim 11 wherein the transform coefficients are nonuniform modulated lapped biorthogonal transforms.

13. The coder of claim 10 wherein the transform coefficients are quantized using an optimum step size determined by using a binary search of possible quantization step sizes.

14. The coder of claim 13 wherein the binary search comprises an iterative adjustment of quantization step size for achieving a desired bit rate.

15. The coder of claim 10 wherein the entropy encoder comprises a run-length encoder and a variable-to-fixed length encoder.

16. The coder of claim 10 wherein the input signal is comprised of blocks of samples and wherein the parametric modeling processor computes a unique parametric model for each block of samples by building a mathematical transform and an exponential probability distribution function for each block of samples.

17. A digital audio coder comprising:

a multi-resolution modulated lapped transform module residing in computer readable memory and preprogrammed to receive an input audio signal and transform the input audio signal into a modulated lapped transform having first analysis and synthesis windows;

a modifier preprogrammed to modify the modulated lapped transform for producing a nonuniform modulated lapped transform having high-frequency subbands and second analysis and synthesis windows different from the first analysis and synthesis windows; and

a combiner preprogrammed to combine the high-frequency subbands for enhancing time resolution and for switching the combined high-frequency subbands based on predetermined signal spectrum information for efficiently coding the audio signal.

18. The digital audio coder of claim 17 wherein the multi-resolution modulated lapped transform processor is capable of computing nonuniform modulated lapped biothogonal transforms using modified cosine windows.

19. The digital audio of claim 17 wherein four high frequency subbands are combined to enhance time resolution.

20. The digital audio coder of claim 19 wherein the combination of high frequency subbands is switched off based on predetermined signal spectrum information.