Method of recovering lithium from batteries

• US 6,120,927 A
• Filed: 03/16/1999
• Issued: 09/19/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 03/17/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba (Toshiba Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba (Toshiba Corporation)
• Inventors: Onuma, Masayuki, Yabuki, Motonaka, Tezuka, Fuminobu, Hayashi, Masaru, Tomioka, Yuki
• Primary Examiner(s): CHANEY, CAROL DIANE
• Application Number:
  US09/270,683
• Time in Patent Office: 553 Days
• Field of Search: 429/49, 429/231.1, 429/231.2, 429/231.3, 423/179.5, 423/441, 423/50
• US Class Current: 429/49
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/54 Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02W 30/84 Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Abstract

Disclosed is a method of recovering lithium from a battery containing lithium such as a lithium ion secondary battery. The lithium-containing member of the battery is dissolved with an acidic liquid, and an alkaline material is added to the obtained lithium solution to transform a transition metal which may be dissolved in the lithium solution into a metal hydroxide precipitation, whereby the metal hydroxide precipitate is separated from the lithium solution. The lithium solution is then dried to obtain a solid containing the lithium, and the lithium is eluted from the solid with a non-aqueous solvent. Retrieving lithium from the lithium eluate is accomplished by use of a cation exchanger.

Claims

1. A method of recovering lithium from a lithium ion secondary battery having a cathodic active material containing lithium, comprising the steps of:

dissolving the cathodic active material into mineral acid to obtain an acid solution containing lithium;

adding an alkaline material to the acid solution to obtain a resultant solution;

drying the resultant solution to produce a dried solid;

dissolving the dried solid into a non-aqueous solvent to obtain a non-aqueous solution; and

recovering lithium from the non-aqueous solution.

2. The recovering method of claim 1, wherein the separating step comprises:

contacting the non-aqueous solution with a cation exchanger to adsorb other alkaline ion than the lithium ion and separate lithium from said other alkaline ion.

3. The recovering method of claim 1, wherein the non-aqueous solvent includes one selected from the group consisting of alcohol and ketone.

4. The recovering method of claim 1, wherein the non-aqueous solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol and benzyl alcohol.

5. The recovering method of claim 2, wherein the separating step further comprises:

adjusting the non-aqueous solution, before the contacting step, in an acidic state.

6. The recovering method of claim 1, wherein the anodic active material is composed of LiCoO₂ or LiNiO₂.

7. The recovering method of claim 1, wherein, if the acid solution containing lithium at the adding step produces a precipitation by the alkaline material, the adding step comprises:

removing the precipitation from the resultant solution.

8. The recovering method of claim 7, wherein the precipitation includes a transition metal hydroxide.

9. The recovering method of claim 1, wherein the pH value of the resultant solution at the adding step is adjusted to approximately 10 or more.

10. A method of recovering lithium from a battery having a member containing lithium, comprising the steps of:

dissolving the lithium of said member with an acidic liquid to obtain a lithium solution;

adding an alkaline material to the lithium solution to transform a transition metal which may be dissolved in the lithium solution into a metal hydroxide precipitation, whereby the metal hydroxide precipitation is separated from the lithium solution;

drying the lithium solution after the adding step to obtain a solid containing the lithium;

eluting the lithium from the solid with a non-aqueous solvent to obtain a lithium eluate; and

retrieving the lithium from the lithium eluate.

11. A method of recovering lithium from a battery having a member containing lithium, comprising the steps of:

dissolving the lithium of said member with an acidic liquid to obtain a lithium solution;

adding an alkaline material to the lithium solution;

removing, if a precipitation is produced in the lithium solution at the adding step, said precipitation from the lithium solution;

drying the lithium solution after the removing step to obtain a solid containing the lithium;

eluting the lithium from the solid with a non-aqueous solvent to obtain a lithium eluate; and

retrieving the lithium from the lithium eluate.

12. The recovering method of claim 11, wherein, if the lithium solution contains a transition metal, said transition metal is transformed into a metal hydroxide precipitation by the alkaline material at the adding step.

13. The recovering method of claim 11, wherein the retrieving step comprises:

adjusting the lithium eluate in an acidic state by addition of an acid material; and

contacting the lithium eluate with a cation exchanger for adsorbing metal other than lithium.

14. The recovering method of claim 11, wherein the acidic liquid of the dissolving step is an aqueous solution of mineral acid.

15. The recovering method of claim 11, wherein the alkaline material of the adding step includes an aqueous solution of metallic hydroxide.

16. The recovering method of claim 15, wherein the metallic hydroxide is alkaline metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and the pH value of the lithium solution at the adding step is adjusted to approximately 10 or more.

17. The recovering method of claim 11, wherein the alkaline material of the adding step includes ammonium hydroxide.

18. The recovering method of claim 11, wherein the non-aqueous solvent of the eluting step includes one selected from the group consisting of alcohol and keton.

19. The recovering method of claim 11, wherein the non-aqueous solvent of the eluting step is alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol and benzyl alcohol.

20. The recovering method of claim 11, wherein the battery includes a lithium ion secondary battery and said member containing lithium includes a cathodic active material composed of LiCoO₂ or LiNiO₂.