Electronic music system for detecting pitch

• US 6,124,544 A
• Filed: 07/30/1999
• Issued: 09/26/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 07/30/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lyrrus Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Lyrrus Incorporated
• Inventors: Katsianos, Themistoclis George, Alexander, John Stern
• Primary Examiner(s): Witkowski, Stanley J.
• Application Number:
  US09/364,452
• Time in Patent Office: 424 Days
• Field of Search: 84/616, 84/654, 84/681
• US Class Current: 84/616
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2210/066 for pitch analysis as part of wider processing for musical purposes, e.g. transcription, musical performance evaluation; Pitch recognition, e.g. in polyphonic sounds; Estimation or use of missing fundamental
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2240/241 Telephone transmission, i.e. using twisted pair telephone lines or any type of telephone network
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/135 Autocorrelation
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 3/125 Extracting or recognising the pitch or fundamental frequency of the picked up signal
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 3/188 for converting the signal to digital format transmission using a MIDI interface G10H1/0066

Abstract

A method for detecting the pitch of a musical signal comprising the steps of receiving the musical signal, identifying an active portion of the musical signal, identifying a periodic portion of the active portion of the musical signal, and determining a fundamental frequency of the periodic portion of the musical signal.

Claims

1. A computerized method for detecting a pitch of a musical signal comprising the steps of:

receiving an electrical signal representative of the musical signal;

identifying an active portion of the musical signal, the active portion comprising at least one of a noisy portion and a periodic portion;

identifying the periodic portion of the active portion of the musical signal;

determining a fundamental frequency of the periodic portion of the musical signal; and

generating a pitch signal based on the fundamental frequency.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of identifying the periodic portion comprises the steps of:

filtering the received musical signal;

detecting a mean value of the amplitude of the musical signal; and

comparing the mean value of the amplitude of the musical signal with at least one predetermined detection threshold value to identify the active portion of the musical signal and identifying the active portion of the musical signal as the periodic portion if the musical signal is known not to be noisy.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of identifying the periodic portion further comprises:

computing a local fractal dimension of the active portion of the musical signal if the musical signal is not known to be not noisy;

comparing the local fractal dimension of the musical signal with a predetermined fractal dimension threshold value;

identifying the active portion of the musical signal as the periodic portion when the local fractal dimension exceeds the fractal dimension threshold.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the local fractal dimension is computed using the method of relative dispersion.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein the detection and fractal dimension threshold values are user determined.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein at least one detection threshold value is based on a change of the mean amplitude of the musical signal.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the fundamental frequency is determined by the steps of:

autocorrelating the periodic portion of the musical signal to generate at least two correlation peaks;

determining a correlation peak location and a correlation peak magnitude for each correlation peak;

selecting a set of at least two correlation peaks, each correlation peak of the set having a correlation peak magnitude equal to or exceeding the magnitude of the smallest correlation peak in the set;

measuring a distance between each pair of adjacent correlation peaks in the set;

computing a mean and a variance of the distance between the adjacent correlation peaks; and

computing a reciprocal of the mean distance if the variance of the distance is less than a predetermined value.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the fundamental frequency is determined by the steps of:

autocorrelating the periodic portion of the musical signal to generate an autocorrelation signal;

generating a power spectrum signal of the musical signal from the autocorrelation signal to generate at least one spectral peak;

identifying a set of spectral peaks from the power spectrum spectral peaks having a peak magnitude greater than a predetermined value;

interpolating power spectrum magnitude values of the set of spectral peaks to determine a true peak frequency and a true peak magnitude of each spectral peak in the set;

testing the true peak frequency of each spectral peak in the set as representing the fundamental frequency by determining a frequency error between a set of integer harmonics of each spectral peak in the set and the true peak frequency of each spectral peak in the set; and

determining the fundamental frequency as the true peak frequency of the spectral peak in the set having the smallest error.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the power spectrum is computed using a multitaper method of spectral analysis.

10. A computer readable medium having a computer executable program code stored thereon, the program code for determining the pitch of a musical signal, the program comprising;

code for receiving an electrical representation of a musical signal;

code for identifying an active portion of the musical signal;

code for identifying a periodic portion of the musical signal;

code for determining a fundamental frequency of the periodic portion of the musical signal; and

code for generating a pitch signal based on the fundamental frequency.

11. A programmed computer for determining the pitch of a musical signal comprising:

an input device for receiving an electrical representation of a musical signal;

a storage device having a portion for storing computer executable program code;

a processor for executing the computer program stored in the storage device wherein the processor is operative with the computer program code to;

receive the electrical representation of the musical signal;

identify an active portion of the musical signal;

identify a periodic portion of the musical signal; and

determine a fundamental frequency of the periodic portion of the musical signal; and

an output device for outputting a pitch signal based on the fundamental frequency.