System to protect switch mode DC/DC converters against overload current

• US 6,127,814 A
• Filed: 11/23/1998
• Issued: 10/03/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 11/23/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: MMC Bidding, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Switch Power Inc.
• Inventors: Goder, Dimitry
• Primary Examiner(s): STERRETT, JEFFREY L
• Application Number:
  US09/198,168
• Time in Patent Office: 680 Days
• Field of Search: 323/282, 323/284, 323/351
• US Class Current: 323/282
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/32 Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1588 comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element H02M3/1582, H02M3/1584 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A method and circuit arrangement for sensing the output current in a switch mode power converter in order to provide protection arrangements which are responsive to overload or short circuit conditions. In a switch mode power converter including an inductor for providing output current to a load circuit, the inductor having an inherent resistance, a filter circuit is coupled to both the first terminal of the inductor and to the second terminal of the inductor. The filter circuit provides the DC component of the voltage across the inherent resistance of the inductor to an error amplifier. The error amplifier provides an output signal representing the output current, and the output signal is used to adjust an operating parameter of the switching circuit, e.g. duty cycle.

Claims

1. A switch mode DC:

DC converter having an input node coupleable to a source of potential Vin and having an output node providing an output potential Vo and an output current, comprising;

an inductor having a first inductor node and a second inductor node and an inherent resistance therebetween;

a switch, having a control node, coupled to said converter so as to switchingly control current flow from said input node to said inductor; and

means for sensing solely from DC signal components present at said first inductor node and at said second inductor node a measure of said output current and for outputting to said control node a signal proportional to said measure.

2. The DC:

DC converter of claim 1, wherein said means for sensing and for outputting senses said measure solely from DC-coupled signals available at said first inductor node and at said second inductor node.

3. The DC:

DC converter of claim 1, wherein said means for sensing and for outputting includes;

a switch control circuit having an output coupled to said control node so as to control operation of said switch;

a sense circuit coupled differentially across said first inductor node and across said second inductor node to extract from a difference in DC-components in signals therebetween said measure of said output current, said sense circuit outputting said signal proportional to said measure.

4. The DC:

DC converter of claim 1, wherein said means for sensing and for outputting includes;

a switch control circuit having an output coupled to said control node so as to control operation of said switch;

a first low pass filter coupled to said first inductor node;

a second low pass filter coupled to said second inductor node; and

a sense circuit, coupled differentially across an output of said first low pass filter and an output of said second low pass filter to extract from a difference in voltage signals therebetween said measure of said output current, said sense circuit outputting said signal proportional to said measure to an input node of said switch control circuit.

5. The DC:

DC converter of claim 1, wherein said sense circuit includes;

a difference amplifier having an output coupled to said input node of said sense circuit;

a first low pass filter coupled between said first inductor node and a first input node of said difference amplifier;

a second low pass filter coupled between said second inductor node and a second input node of said difference amplifier;

wherein said difference amplifier outputs said measure of output current.

6. The DC:

DC converter of claim 1, wherein;

said second inductor node is coupled to ground potential.

7. The DC:

DC converter of claim 1, wherein said signal proportional to said measure produces a variation in a duty cycle parameter of said switch.

8. The DC:

DC converter of claim 1, wherein said measure of said output current is proportional to an internal temperature of said DC;

DC converter.

9. The DC:

DC converter of claim 1, wherein said means for sensing and for outputting includes a passive low-pass filter having a first filter input coupled to said first inductor node, and a second filter input coupled to said second inductor node.

10. The DC:

DC converter of claim 9, wherein said passive low-pass filter includes;

a first resistor having a first lead coupled to said first inductor node;

a second resistor having a first lead coupled to said second inductor node; and

a capacitor coupled between a second lead of said first resistor and a second lead of said second resistor.

11. The DC:

DC converter of claim 9, wherein said passive low-pass filter includes;

a first resistor having a first lead coupled to said first inductor node and having a second lead coupled to a first lead of a first capacitor;

a second resistor having a first lead coupled to said second inductor node and having a second lead coupled to a first lead of a second capacitor.

12. The DC:

DC converter of claim 1, further including;

means for offsetting by a predetermined amount a DC voltage component in said signal proportional to said measure.

13. The DC:

DC converter of claim 1, wherein;

said DC;

DC converter is a step-down converter, and

said switch is a transistor.

14. A switch mode DC:

DC converter having an input node coupleable to a source of potential Vin and having an output node providing an output potential Vo and an output current, comprising;

an inductor having a first inductor node and a second inductor node and an inherent resistance therebetween;

a switch, having a control node, coupled to said converter so as to switchingly control current flow from said input node to said inductor;

a low-pass filter system having a first filter input coupled to said first inductor node and having a second filter input coupled to said second inductor node, an output of said low-pass filter system representing a difference in DC signal components present at said first inductor node and at said second inductor node and providing a measure of said output current; and

means, coupled to said output of said low-pass filter system for outputting to said control node a signal proportional to said measure of said output current.

15. The DC:

DC converter of claim 14, wherein said signal proportional to said measure is obtained solely from DC-coupled signals available at said first inductor node and at said second inductor node.

16. The DC:

DC converter of claim 14, wherein said signal proportional to said measure produces a variation in a duty cycle parameter of said switch.

17. The DC:

DC converter of claim 14, wherein said measure of said output current is proportional to an internal temperature of said DC;

DC converter.

18. The DC:

DC converter of claim 14, wherein said means for outputting includes;

a switch control circuit having an output coupled to said control node so as to control operation of said switch responsive to said measure of said output current.

19. The DC:

DC converter of claim 14, wherein;

said low-pass filter system includes;

a first resistor having a first lead coupled to said first inductor node;

a second resistor having a first lead coupled to said second inductor node; and

a capacitor coupled between a second lead of said first resistor and a second lead of said second resistor; and

said means for outputting includes a difference amplifier having a first input coupled to a second lead of said first resistor, and having a second input coupled to a second lead of said second resistor.

20. The DC:

DC converter of claim 14, wherein;

said low-pass filter system includes;

a first resistor having a first lead coupled to said first inductor node and having a second lead coupled to a first lead of a first capacitor;

a second resistor having a first lead coupled to said second inductor node and having a second lead coupled to a first lead of a second capacitor; and

said means for outputting includes a difference amplifier having a first input coupled to said second lead of said first resistor, having a second input coupled to a second lead of said second resistor, and having an output providing said signal proportional to said measure of said output current.

21. The DC:

DC converter of claim 14, further including;

means for offsetting by a predetermined amount a DC voltage component in said signal proportional to said measure.

22. The DC:

DC converter of claim 14, wherein;

said DC;

DC converter is a step-down converter, and said switch is a transistor.

23. A method of sensing output current to protect a DC:

DC switch mode converter against overload, in which the switch mode DC;

DC converter includes an input node coupleable to a source of potential Vin, an output node providing an output potential Vo and an output current, an inductor having a first inductor node and a second inductor node and an inherent resistance therebetween, and further includes a switch, having a control node, coupled to said converter so as to switchingly control current flow from said input node to said inductor, the method comprising the following steps;

(a) sensing DC signal components without sensing substantial AC signal components at said first inductor node and at said second inductor node;

(b) differentially comparing signals sensed at step (a) to obtain a drive signal that provides a measure of at least one of (i) said output current and (ii) temperature within said converter; and

(c) coupling said drive signal obtained at step (b) to said control node of said switch.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein:

step (a) includes low-pass filtering signal components present at said first inductor node and present at said second inductor node.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein:

step (b) includes differentially comparing low-pass filtered signals obtained at step (a).

26. The method of claim 25, wherein:

step (c) causes said switch to produce a variation in a duty cycle parameter of said switch.

27. The method of claim 23, further including:

offsetting by a predetermined amount a DC voltage component in said signal proportional to said measure.