Circuit and method for reducing quiescent current in a switching regulator

• US 6,127,815 A
• Filed: 03/01/1999
• Issued: 10/03/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 03/01/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Analog Devices International Unlimited Company (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Linear Technology Corporation (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Inventors: Wilcox, Milton E.
• Primary Examiner(s): BERHANE, ADOLF D
• Application Number:
  US09/260,990
• Time in Patent Office: 582 Days
• Field of Search: 323/265, 323/269, 323/273, 323/282, 323/284, 323/285, 323/351, 323/280
• US Class Current: 323/282
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 1/565 sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor G05F1/563 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0032 Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/156 with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A switching mode voltage regulator circuit that operates at reduced quiescent current levels is provided. The voltage regulator preferably includes a control circuit and a switching element that connects and disconnects filter circuitry from the control circuit. An error amplifier in the control circuit is placed in a micropower operating state when the regulator is in standby mode to reduce quiescent current.

Claims

1. A switching regulator circuit that:

(1) provides a regulated voltage to an output terminal and (2) is capable of operating in a low quiescent current standby mode, the switching regulator circuit comprising;

an output circuit coupled to an input terminal and said output terminal that generates a feedback signal indicative of the regulated voltage, said output circuit including a first switching element;

a control circuit coupled to said output circuit that receives said feedback signal, said control circuit generating a first control signal in response to said feedback signal that controls a duty cycle of said first switching element; and

a filter circuit responsive to a second control signal that reduces a current-drawing load on said control circuit when the regulator is operating in the standby mode.

2. The switching regulator defined in claim 1 wherein the regulator operates in the standby mode when said second control signal is generated.

3. The switching regulator defined in claim 2 wherein said second control signal is generated in response to said first control signal when said first control signal indicates that a current supplied to the output terminal falls below a fraction of the maximum rated output current of the regulator.

4. The switching regulator defined in claim 3 wherein said control circuit further comprises an error amplifier circuit that can be selectively placed in a micropower operating mode.

5. The switching regulator defined in claim 4 wherein said error amplifier circuit is placed in said micropower operating mode when said second control signal is generated in order to reduce quiescent current in the regulator.

6. The switching regulator defined in claim 2 wherein said control circuit further comprises a comparator circuit having hysteresis, said comparator circuit generating said second control signal when said first control signal falls below a threshold level.

7. The switching regulator defined in claim 3 wherein said filter circuit further comprises a second switching element.

8. The switching regulator defined in claim 7 wherein said second switching element comprises at least one transmission gate.

9. The switching regulator defined in claim 7 wherein said second switching element has at least a first and a second switch position, said second switching element being responsive to said second control signal.

10. The switching regulator defined in claim 9 wherein said filter circuit is coupled to said control circuit when said second switching element is in said first position.

11. The switching regulator defined in claim 9 wherein said current-drawing load on said control circuit is reduced when said second switching element switches from said first switch position to said second switch position.

12. The switching regulator defined in claim 11 wherein said second switching element switches from said first switch position to said second switch position when said second control signal is generated.

13. The switching regulator defined in claim 11 wherein said filter circuit is coupled to a parking voltage when said second switching element is in said second switch position so that said filter circuit is maintained charged to a value equal to that of said parking voltage.

14. The switching regulator defined in claim 13 wherein said control circuit further comprises an error amplifier circuit that can be selectively placed in a micropower operating mode, said error amplifier being responsive to said second control signal and being placed in said micropower operating mode when said second switching element switches to said second switch position so that the quiescent current of the regulator is reduced.

15. The switching regulator defined in claim 13 wherein said parking voltage is larger than a threshold voltage so that when said second switching element switches from said second switch position to said first switch position said filter circuit does not cause the regulator to change from the normal operating mode back to said standby mode.

16. A switching regulator circuit that provides a regulated voltage to a load, said switching regulator circuit comprising:

an output circuit coupled to an input terminal and to an output terminal that provides a feedback signal indicative of the regulated voltage, said output circuit including a first switching element;

a control circuit coupled to said output circuit that receives said feedback signal, said control circuit providing a control signal to said output circuit that controls a duty cycle of said first switching element in response to said feedback signal; and

a filter circuit coupled to said control circuit that includes a second switching element that connects and disconnects said filter circuit from said control circuit.

17. The switching regulator defined in claim 16 wherein said control circuit comprises:

an error amplifier circuit having an output coupled to said filter circuit, a first input coupled to said feedback signal, and a second input connected to a reference voltage; and

a first comparator circuit having an output, a first input and a second input, said first input coupled to said output of said error amplifier and said second input terminal coupled to a threshold voltage.

18. The switching regulator defined in claim 17 wherein said second switching element is controlled by said first comparator.

19. The switching regulator defined in claim 17 wherein said error amplifier circuit has a micropower enable input, said regulator further comprising a connection between said output of said first comparator circuit and said micropower enable input of said error amplifier circuit such that said error amplifier circuit is placed in a micropower operating mode when directed to do so by said first comparator circuit.

20. The switching regulator defined in claim 17 wherein said second switching element disconnects said filter circuit from said control circuit and connects said filter circuit to a parking voltage when said error amplifier circuit is in a micropower operating mode.

21. The switching regulator defined in claim 17 wherein said control circuit further comprises:

a switch timing circuit having an input and an output;

a second comparator circuit having a first input, a second input, and an output, said first input coupled to said output of said error amplifier circuit and said second input coupled to said output circuit;

a logic circuit having a first input coupled to said output of said second comparator circuit, a second input coupled to said output of said switch timing circuit, and an output coupled to said output circuit.

22. The switching regulator defined in claim 21 wherein said second input terminal of said second comparator circuit is coupled to receive a signal representative of a current flowing in an inductor in said output circuit.

23. The switching regulator defined in claim 21 wherein said input of said switch timing circuit is a shutdown enable input, said regulator further comprising a connection between said output of said first comparator circuit and said switch timing circuit such that said switch timing circuit shuts down when directed to do so by said first comparator circuit.

24. The switching regulator defined in claim 21 wherein said second comparator circuit has a shutdown enable input, said voltage regulator further comprising a connection between said output of said first comparator circuit and said shutdown enable input such that said second comparator shuts down when directed to do so by said first comparator circuit.

25. The switching regulator defined in claim 22 wherein said switch timing circuit includes an oscillator circuit that establishes a frequency at which said first switching element in said output circuit switches.

26. The switching regulator defined in claim 16 wherein said output circuit comprises:

an inductor coupled to said first switching element;

a diode coupled to said first switching element and said inductor; and

an output capacitor coupled between said output terminal and a ground.

27. The switching regulator defined in claim 16 wherein said second switching element disconnects said filter circuit from said control circuit and connects said filter circuit to a parking voltage when the regulator is changing from a normal operating mode to a standby mode.

28. The switching regulator defined in claim 27 wherein said second switching element disconnects said filter circuit from said parking voltage and connects said filter circuit to said control circuit when the regulator is changing from a standby mode to a normal operating mode.

29. The switching regulator defined in claim 28 wherein said parking voltage is greater than a threshold voltage so that the regulator does not change back to said standby mode from said normal operating mode when said second switching element connects said filter circuit from said parking voltage to said control circuit.

30. In a switching voltage regulator that provides an output current at a regulated voltage, a method for reducing quiescent current in the voltage regulator, the method comprising:

in response to a feedback signal, generating a first control signal that is indicative of the output current;

comparing said first control signal with a threshold voltage and producing a second control signal in response to said comparison when said comparison indicates that the output current is below a predetermined value; and

in response to said second control signal, placing said error amplifier in the micropower operating mode so that the quiescent current drawn by the voltage regulator is reduced.

31. The method of claim 30 wherein the regulator further includes a switching element for selectively connecting and disconnecting filter circuitry from said control circuit, said method comprising disconnecting said filter circuitry from said control circuit in response to said second control signal.

32. The method of claim 30 wherein said control circuit includes a current comparator, said method further comprising shutting down said current comparator in response to said second control signal.

33. The method of claim 30 wherein said control circuit includes a switch timing circuit, said method further comprising shutting down said switch timing circuit in response to said second control signal.

34. The method of claim 31 wherein the voltage regulator further includes a parking voltage, said method further comprising connecting said filter circuitry to said parking voltage in response to said second control signal so that said filter circuitry is maintained at a voltage substantially equal to said parking voltage.

35. The method of claim 34 wherein said parking voltage is greater than said threshold voltage, said method comprising disconnecting said filter circuitry from said parking voltage and reconnecting said filter circuitry to said control circuit when said first control signal becomes greater than said threshold voltage.