High frequency anharmonic oscillator for the generation of broadband deterministic noise

• US 6,127,899 A
• Filed: 05/29/1999
• Issued: 10/03/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 05/29/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Aerospace Corporation
• Original Assignee: Aerospace Corporation
• Inventors: Young, Albert Miebach, Silva, Christopher Patrick
• Primary Examiner(s): Grimm, Siegfried H.
• Application Number:
  US09/322,891
• Time in Patent Office: 493 Days
• Field of Search: 331/78, 331/117 R, 331/117 FE, 331/167, 331/172
• US Class Current: 331/78
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 29/00 Generation of noise currents and voltages gasfilled discharge tubes with solid cathode specially adapted as noise generators H01J17/005
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45331 the AAC comprising one or more diodes coupled as a shunt between the AAC-transistors in the AAC
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45374 the AAC comprising one or more discrete resistors
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45376 the AAC comprising one or more discrete resistors as shunts between collectors or drains
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/45385 Non-folded cascode stages
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 7/00 Volume compression or expansion in amplifiers frequency dependent H03G9/00

Abstract

A high frequency anharmonic oscillator provides a broad band chaotic oscillation with a noise-like spectra. The oscillator output signal is suitable for modulation by data providing for improved secure communication. The chaotic oscillator is based upon a forced second order Duffing equation that is tolerant of delay in the feedback path for high frequency operation.

Claims

1. An oscillator for generating a chaotic signal, the oscillator comprising,

a generator for providing an independent forcing signal, the independent forcing signal is an independent forcing function of time,

a passive circuit coupled to the generator for receiving the independent forcing signal, for receiving a dependent controlling signal, the passive circuit comprises a first energy storage element and a second energy storage element for providing a sensed signal and the chaotic signal,

a nonlinear circuit coupled to the passive circuit for defining a piecewise linear potential function of the sensed signal for providing the dependent controlling signal, and

an active circuit coupled to the passive circuit and to the nonlinear circuit forming multiple feedback paths for controlling the piecewise linear potential function.

2. The oscillator of claim 1, wherein,

the dependent controlling signal is a product of the sensed signal multiplied by a derivative of the piecewise linear potential function of the sensed signal.

3. The oscillator of claim 1, wherein,

the piecewise linear potential function comprises an inner region having a negative slope and two outer regions each having a positive slope.

4. The oscillator of claim 1, wherein,

the passive circuit is a resistive inductive capacitive passive circuit,

the first element is an inductor providing the sensed signal,

the second element is a capacitor providing the chaotic signal, and

the passive circuit further comprises a resistor coupled to the capacitor and the inductor.

5. The oscillator of claim 1, wherein,

the passive circuit is a resistive inductive capacitive passive circuit,

the first element is a capacitor providing the sensed signal and the chaotic signal,

the second element is an inductor, and

the passive circuit further comprises a resistor coupled to the capacitor and the inductor.

6. The oscillator of claim 1, wherein,

the oscillator is a series forced oscillator,

the active circuit comprises an input amplifier and an output amplifier,

the generator is coupled to the input amplifier,

the nonlinear circuit is a diode bridge coupled to the output amplifier,

the passive circuit is a series connected resistive inductive capacitive passive circuit, the first element is an inductor and the second element is a capacitor, the capacitor provides the chaotic signal and the sensed signal, the passive circuit comprises a resistance connected in series with the capacitor and the inductor, and

the multiple feedback paths are a first feedback path from the output amplifier to the input amplifier and a second feedback path from the output amplifier through the diode bridge to the input amplifier.

7. The oscillator of claim 1, wherein,

the oscillator is a parallel forced oscillator,

the active circuit comprises a first amplifier and a second amplifier, the first and second amplifiers each have a differential output that are connected together in parallel forming a common output, the passive circuit is connected across the common output,

the passive circuit is a resistive inductive capacitive passive circuit, the first element is a capacitor, the second element is a center-tapped inductor formed by two magnetically coupled inductors, the passive circuit further comprises two resistances coupled to the two inductors, the capacitor is coupled across the common output and coupled to the two inductors, the two resistances are respectively coupled in series with the two inductors,

the nonlinear circuit is a pair of limiting diodes coupled to the first amplifier forming a nonlinear amplifier, the second amplifier is a linear amplifier, and

the multiple feedback paths are a first feedback path extending from the series couplings between the two inductors and the two resistances through the nonlinear amplifier, and a second feedback path extending from the series coupling between the two inductors and the two resistances through the linear amplifier to the common output.

8. The oscillator of claim 1, wherein

the first and second elements provide state variables X1 and X2, and

the independent forcing signal plus the dependent controlling signal is a sum defined by a second order differential equation comprising at least one of the state variables X1 or X2, the first and second elements provide constants to a second derivative of the at least one of the state variables X1 or X2.

9. The oscillator of claim 1, wherein,

the first element is an inductor L,

the second element is a capacitor C,

the passive circuit further comprises a resistor R,

the capacitor and inductor are connected in parallel,

current through the inductor is a state variable X2, and

the independent forcing signal plus the dependent controlling signal is a sum Io defined by a second order differential equation comprising the variable X2, where Io=(LC)X2+KX2+X2, and where K is a constant as a function of at least L and C and R.

10. The oscillator of claim 1, wherein,

the first element is an inductor L,

the second element is a capacitor C,

the passive circuit further comprises a resistor R,

the capacitor and inductor are connected in series,

the voltage across the capacitor is a state variable X1, and

the independent forcing signal plus the dependent controlling signal is a sum Vo defined by a second order differential equation comprising the state variable X1, where Vo=(LC)X1+KX1+X1, and where K is a constant as a function of at least L and C and R.

11. The oscillator of claim 1, wherein

the piecewise linear potential function comprises an inner region having a negative slope -b and a negative outer region and a positive outer region each having a positive slope 2b, the inner region extends between two break points +Bp and -Bp,

the first and second elements provide at least one state variable X, the state variable X has an -Xo value where the piecewise linear potential function is zero within the negative outer region, the state variable X has an +Xo value where the piecewise linear potential function is zero within the positive outer region,

the independent forcing signal plus the dependent controlling signal is a sum defined by a second order differential equation comprising the state variable X, the first and second elements provide constants to a second derivative of the state variable X, and

the piecewise linear potential function is defined as:

φ

=2b(X-Xo), where X>

+Bp;

φ

=-bX, where |X|≦

Bp; and

x=2b(X+Xo), where X<

-Bp.

12. The oscillator of claim 1, wherein the first element is an inductor and the second element is a capacitor, the passive circuit is a resistive capacitive inductive passive circuit further comprising a resistance means for providing resistance coupled to the inductor and the capacitor.

13. The oscillator of claim 12, wherein the resistance means is parasitic resistance within the oscillator.

14. The oscillator of claim 13, wherein the parasitic resistance means is equivalent resistance of impedance of the active circuit.

15. An oscillator for generating a chaotic signal, the oscillator comprising,

a generator for providing an independent forcing signal,

a passive circuit coupled to the generator for receiving the independent forcing signal, for receiving a dependent controlling signal, and for providing the chaotic signal, the passive circuit comprises an inductor and a capacitor and a first resistor coupled in parallel, the inductor provides a sensed signal, the capacitor provides the chaotic signal,

a nonlinear circuit coupled to the passive circuit for defining a piecewise linear potential function of the sensed signal and for providing the dependent controlling signal, the piecewise linear potential function comprises an inner region having a negative slope and two outer regions each having a positive slope, the dependent signal is a product of the sensed signal multiplied by a derivative of the piecewise linear potential function of the sensed signal, and

an active circuit coupled to the passive circuit and to the nonlinear circuit forming multiple feedback paths for controlling the piecewise linear potential function.

16. The oscillator of claim 15, further comprises,

a second resistor connected in series with the inductor, the second resistor and the inductor are connected in parallel to the first resistor and to the capacitor.

17. The oscillator of claim 16, wherein the first resistor is parasitic resistance within the oscillator.

18. An oscillator for generating a chaotic signal, the oscillator comprising,

a generator for providing an independent forcing signal,

a passive circuit coupled to the generator for receiving the independent forcing signal, for receiving a dependent controlling signal, and for providing the chaotic signal, the passive circuit comprises a capacitor and an inductor and a first resistor connected in series, the capacitor provides a sensed signal,

a nonlinear circuit coupled to the passive circuit for defining a piecewise linear potential function of the sensed signal for providing the dependent controlling signal, the piecewise linear potential function has three linear regions, an inner region having a negative slope and two outer regions each having a positive slope, the dependent signal is a product of the sensed signal multiplied by a derivative of the piecewise linear potential function of the sensed signal, and

an active circuit coupled to the passive circuit and to the nonlinear circuit forming multiple feedback paths for controlling the piecewise linear potential function.

19. The oscillator of claim 18 further comprises a second resistor connected in parallel with the capacitor, the second resistor and the capacitor are connected in series with the inductor and the first resistor.

20. The oscillator of claim 19, wherein the first and second resistors are parasitic resistances within the oscillator.