Microstrip patch antenna with fractal structure
First Claim
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1. A microstrip patch antenna including:
- a substrate having spaced-apart first and second surfaces, said substrate having a thickness substantially smaller than a wavelength at a frequency to be coupled to said antenna;
a conductive pattern defining a fractal of iteration order N disposed on the first surface, wherein said fractal is defined as a superposition over at least N=1 interations of a motiff, an iteration being placement of said motif upon a base figure through at least one positioning selected from a group consisting of (i) rotation, (ii) stretching, and (iii) translation;
wherein said motif is selected from a group consisting of (i) Koch, (ii) Minkowski, (iii) Cantor, (iv) torn square, (v) Mandelbrot, (vi) Caley tree, (vii) monkey'"'"'s swing, (viii) Sierpinski gasket, and (ix) Julia; and
a conductive pattern disposed on the second surface.
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Abstract
A microstrip patch antenna having reduced size is implementing by providing a substrate having on one surface a conductive fractal pattern, and having on the other surface a conductive pattern that may (but need not) also be a fractal pattern. The fractal pattern is of order N≧1, and if fractal patterns are formed on each substrate surface, the fractal family and fractal iteration number may be different. So fractalizing at least one conductive surface permits reduction of substrate dimension may be reduced to one-eighth wavelength.
184 Citations
26 Claims
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1. A microstrip patch antenna including:
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a substrate having spaced-apart first and second surfaces, said substrate having a thickness substantially smaller than a wavelength at a frequency to be coupled to said antenna; a conductive pattern defining a fractal of iteration order N disposed on the first surface, wherein said fractal is defined as a superposition over at least N=1 interations of a motiff, an iteration being placement of said motif upon a base figure through at least one positioning selected from a group consisting of (i) rotation, (ii) stretching, and (iii) translation; wherein said motif is selected from a group consisting of (i) Koch, (ii) Minkowski, (iii) Cantor, (iv) torn square, (v) Mandelbrot, (vi) Caley tree, (vii) monkey'"'"'s swing, (viii) Sierpinski gasket, and (ix) Julia; and a conductive pattern disposed on the second surface. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
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9. A microstrip patch antenna including:
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a substrate having spaced-apart first and second surfaces, said substrate having a thickness substantially smaller than a wavelength at a frequency to be coupled to said antenna; a conductive pattern defining a fractal of iteration order N disposed on the first surface, where said fractal is defined as a superposition over at least N=1 interations of a motiff, an iteration being placement of said motif upon a base figure through at least one positioning selected from a group consisting of (i) rotation, (ii) stretching, and (iii) translation; wherein said antenna has a perimeter compression parameter (PC) defined by;
##EQU2## where;
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">PC=A·
log [N(D+C)]in which A and C are constant coefficients for a given said motif, N is an iteration number, and D is a fractal dimension given by log(L)/log(r), where L and r are one-dimensional antenna element lengths before and after fractalization respectively; and a conductive pattern disposed on the second surface. - View Dependent Claims (10, 15)
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11. A method of fabricating a microstrip patch antenna, the method including the following steps:
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(a) providing a substrate having spaced-apart first and second surfaces and having a substrate thickness substantially smaller than a wavelength at a frequency to be coupled to said antenna; (b) disposing on the first surface of said substrate a conductive pattern defining a fractal of iteration order N formed; and (c) disposing on the second surface of said substrate a conductive pattern; wherein said motif is selected from a family consisting of (i) Koch, (ii) Minkowski, (iii) Cantor, (iv) torn square, (v) Mandelbrot, (vi) Caley tree, (vii) monkey'"'"'s swing, (viii) Sierpinski gasket, and (ix) Julia. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. A method of fabricating a microstrip patch antenna, the method including the following steps:
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(a) providing a substrate having spaced-apart first and second surfaces and having a substrate thickness substantially smaller than a wavelength at a frequency to be coupled to said antenna; (b) disposing on the first surface of said substrate a conductive pattern defining a fractal of iteration order N formed; and (c) disposing on the second surface of said substrate a conductive pattern; wherein said antenna has a perimeter compression parameter (PC) defined by;
##EQU4## where;
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">PC=A·
log [N(D+C)]in which A and C are constant coefficients for a given said motif, N is an iteration number, and D is a fractal dimension given by log(L)/log(r), where L and r are one-dimensional antenna element lengths before and after fractalization, respectively. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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Specification