Modeling geological structures and properties

• US 6,128,577 A
• Filed: 12/19/1996
• Issued: 10/03/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 12/19/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Schlumberger Technology Corporation (SLB)
• Original Assignee: Schlumberger Technology Corporation (SLB)
• Inventors: Endres, David Mack, Assa, Steven Brent, Celniker, George William
• Primary Examiner(s): McElheny, Jr., Donald E.
• Application Number:
  US08/772,082
• Time in Patent Office: 1,384 Days
• Field of Search: 364/420, 364/421, 364/422, 707/104, 702/2, 702/5, 702/16, 702/11
• US Class Current: 702/2
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 11/00 Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/29 Geographical information databases

Abstract

The invention features a method, computer system, and computer program for analyzing geological data stored on computer-readable media, including organizing the data to represent a plurality of sub-regions and a feature, and classifying the feature into a subset of the plurality of sub-regions. The method, computer system, and computer program analyze geological data stored on computer-readable media, including organizing the data to represent a plurality of sub-regions, and editing the sub-regions. The method, computer system, and computer program analyze geological data stored on computer-readable media, including organizing the data into a database, which includes a geometry part and a separate design part. The method, computer system, and computer program includes preserving the shape of a feature during classification and editing. The method, computer system, and computer program organize geological data to represent a region and subdivide the region into a first sub-region and a second sub-region with a boundary at a first location. The method, computer system, and computer program analyze geological data stored on computer-readable media, comprising organizing the data to represent a plurality of sub-regions; attaching a material property to each of the plurality of sub-regions; editing one sub-region of the plurality of sub-regions to produce a second plurality of sub-regions; and propagating the material property from the one sub-region of the plurality of sub-regions to the second plurality of sub-regions.

Claims

1. A method for adjusting geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region, to better match data acquired from the geological region, the method being implemented in a programmed computer comprising a processor, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, the method and the data being stored on computer-readable media, the method comprising

organizing the data on the computer-readable media to represent a first geometry element, the first geometry element corresponding to a subset of the region and having an interior, boundary and exterior and having points each point having a location on the interior or the boundary of the first geometry element, and a second geometry element, the second geometry element having an interior, an external boundary and an exterior and having points each point having a location on the interior or the external boundary of the second geometry element;

aligning at least a portion of the points of the second geometry element with at least a portion of the points of the first geometry element in response to input data received by the programmed computer through at least one of the input devices;

classifying the second geometry element against the first geometry element to combine the first and second geometry elements, wherein classifying comprises deciding whether to retain a point on one of the geometry elements depending on whether the location of the point coincides with the interior, boundary or exterior of the other geometry element;

wherein not retaining a point comprises

deactivating the point if the geometry element of which it is a part has been designated a feature;

discarding the point otherwise

applying the retained points to at least one of the output devices.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the dimension of the second geometry element is different from the dimension of the first geometry element.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein classifying comprises retaining the following points:

(I) points in the interior of the first geometry element and in the interior of the second geometry element;

(II) points in the interior of the first geometry element and in the exterior of the second geometry element;

(IV) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and on the boundary of the second geometry element;

(V) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and in the interior of the second geometry element;

(VI) points on the boundary of the second geometry element and in the interior of the first geometry element;

(VII) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and in the exterior of the second geometry element; and

the remaining points are not retained.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein classifying comprises retaining the following points:

(I) points in the interior of the first geometry element and in the interior of the second geometry element;

(II) points in the interior of the first geometry element and in the exterior of the second geometry element;

(III) points on the boundary of the second geometry element and in the exterior of the first geometry element;

(IV) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and on the boundary of the second geometry element;

(V) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and in the interior of the second geometry element;

(VII) points on the bounda of the first geometry element and in the exterior of the second geometry element;

(VIII) points on the boundary of the second geometry element and in the exterior of the first geometry element; and

the remaining points are not retained.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein classifying comprises retaining the following points:

(I) points in the interior of the first geometry element and in the interior of the second geometry element;

(III) points on the boundary of the second geometry element and in the exterior of the first geometry element;

(IV) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and on the boundary of the second geometry element;

(V) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and in the interior of the second geometry element;

(VI) points on the boundary of the second geometry element and in the interior of the first geometry element;

(VIII) points on the boundary of the second geometry element and in the exterior of the first geometry element; and

the remaining points are not retained.

6. A method for adjusting geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region, to better match data acquired from the geological region, the method being implemented in a programmed computer comprising a processor, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, the method and the data stored on computer-readable media, the method comprising

organizing the data to represent a geometry element comprising at least two cells with topological relationships between the cells, the geometry element having a shape;

topologically editing the geometry element by revising the topological relationship between the cells or the shape of the geometry element in response to an input received by the programmed computer through at least one input device; and

applying the edited points to at least one of the output devices.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein editing comprises changing the topological relationship between the cells without changing the shape of the geometry element.

8. The method of claim 6,

wherein editing comprises not retaining a cell from the geometry element.

9. The method of claim 6,

wherein editing comprises changing the topological relationship between the cells and changing the shape of the geometry element.

10. A method for adjusting geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a region, to better match data acquired from the geological region, the method being implemented in a programmed computer comprising a processor, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, the method and the data stored on computer-readable media, the method comprising

organizing the data into a database stored on the computer-readable media, the database comprising a geometry part and a design part, the geometry part being separate from the design part, the design part comprising data related to a feature, the feature having contextual meaning to an application, feature data in the design part being accessible by providing the name of the feature to the design part, the geometry part comprising data related to the feature, feature data in the geometry part being accessible by providing the name of the feature to the geometry part;

accessing the feature data from the design part and the feature data from the geometry part; and

providing the feature data to the application.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the design part of the database comprises a description of the geometry part of the database.

12. A method for adjusting geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region, to better match data acquired from the geological region, the method being implemented in a programmed computer comprising a processor, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, the method and the data stored on computer-readable media, the method comprising

organizing the data to represent a plurality of geometry elements, each geometry element corresponding to a subset of the region;

a first feature comprising a first subset of the plurality of geometry elements, the first feature having a shape corresponding to the aggregate shape of the first subset of geometry elements, the first feature being meaningful to an application; and

applying the first feature to at least one of the output devices.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first feature comprises a first sub-subset of geometry elements and a second sub-subset of geometry elements disconnected from the first sub-subset of geometry elements.

14. The method of claim 12, further comprising

organizing the data to represent a second feature, the second feature being meaningful to an application, the second feature comprising a second subset of the plurality of geometry elements wherein the second subset of geometry elements overlaps the first subset of geometry elements.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the second feature is a sub-subset of the first feature.

16. The method of claim 12, further comprising attaching a material property to the first feature so that the material property applies to all geometry elements in the first subset of the plurality of geometry elements.

17. The method of claim 12, wherein the organizing is accomplished interactively.

18. A method for adjusting geological data, representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region, to better match data acquired from the geological region, the method being implemented in a programmed computer comprising a processor, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, the method and the data stored on computer-readable media, the method comprising

organizing the data to represent the geological region;

subdividing the region into a first geometry element and a second geometry element with a boundary separating the first geometry element and the second geometry element at a first location so that the first geometry element is on the first side of the boundary and the second geometry element is on the second side of the boundary;

attaching a bounded-from-first-side property and a bounded-from-second-side property to the boundary, the bounded-from-first-side property defining a first feature on the first side of the boundary the bounded-from-second-side property defining a second feature on the second side of the boundary;

dissociating the boundary from the region bv deactivating the boundary; and

subdividing the region with the boundary at a new location by reactivating the boundary at the new location, the region on the first side of the boundary being the first feature and the region on the second side of the boundary being the second feature.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising attaching a material property to the boundary;

and

evaluating the material property at a point in the region as a boundary value problem using a value of the material property attached to the boundary as the boundary value.

20. A method for adjusting geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region, to better match data acquired from the geological region, the method being implemented in a programmed computer comprsing a processor a data storage system at least one input device and at least one output device, the method and the data stored on computer-readable media, the method comprising

organizing the data to represent a first plurality of geometry elements and a classification geometry element;

attaching a material property to each geometry element in a subset of the first plurality of geometry elements;

classifying the classification geometry element into the subset to produce a second plurality of geometry elements and a third plurality of geometry elements; and

propagating the material property from the subset to the second plurality of geometry elements.

21. The method of claim 20, further comprising propagating the material property from the classification geometry element to the second plurality of geometry elements.

22. A method for adjusting geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological regions to better match data acquired from the geological region the method being implemented in a programmed computer comprising a processor, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, the method and the data stored on computer-readable media, the method comprising

organizing the data to represent a first plurality of geometry elements;

attaching a material property to each of the first plurality of geometry elements;

producing a second plurality of geometry elements by splitting or merging the geometry elements in the first plurality of geometry elements; and

propagating the material property from the first plurality of geometry elements to the second plurality of geometry elements.

23. A method for adjusting geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region, to better match data acquired from the geological region, the method being implemented in a programmed computer comprising a processor a data storage system at least one input device, and at least one output device, the method and the data stored on computer-readable media, the method comprising

defining, in any order:

a topology of a feature comprising a set of geometry elements, each geometry element corresponding to a subset of the regions the feature being meaningful to an application;

a material property for the feature; and

a shape for the feature, the shape corresponding to the aggregate shape of the set of geometry elements.

24. A method for adjusting geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region, to better match data acquired from the geological region, the method being implemented in a programmed computer comprising a processor, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, the method and the data stored on computer-readable media, the method comprising

organizing the data into a feature comprising a set of geometry elements, each geometry element corresponding to a subset of the region the feature being meaningful to an application;

attaching to the feature a first plurality of properties;

attaching to the feature a second plurality of properties;

activating the second plurality of properties and deactivating the first plurality of properties.

25. A computer system for adjusting geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region, to better match data acquired from the geological region, the computer system comprising a processor, a data storage system at least one input device, and at least one output device, the geological data being stored on computer-readable media, the computer system comprising

means for organizing the data to represent a first geometry element, the first geometry element corresponding to a subset of the region and having an interior, boundary and exterior and having points each point having a location on the interior or the boundary of the first geometry element, and a second geometry element, the second geometry element having an interior, an external boundary and an exterior and having points each point having a location on the interior or the external boundary of the second geometry element;

means for aligning at least a portion of the points of the second geometry element with at least a portion of the points of the first geometry element in response to input data received by the programmed computer through at least one of the input devices;

means for classifying the second geometry element against the first geometry element to combine the first and second geometry elements, wherein classifying comprises deciding whether to retain a point on one of the geometry elements depending on whether the location of the point coincides with the interior, boundary or exterior of the other geometry element;

wherein not retaining a point comprises

deactivating the point if the geometry element of which it is a part has been designated a feature;

discarding the point otherwise

applying the retained points to at least one of the output devices.

26. The computer system of claim 25, wherein the dimension of the second geometry element is different from the dimension of the first geometry element.

27. The computer system of claim 25, wherein the classifying means comprises

means for retaining the following points:

(I) points in the interior of the first geometry element and in the interior of the second geometry element;

(II) points in the interior of the first geometry element and in the exterior of the second geometry element,

(IV) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and on the boundary of the second geometry element;

(V) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and in the interior of the second geometry element;

(VI) points on the boundary of the second geometry element and in the interior of the first geometry element;

(VII) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and in the exterior of the second geometry element; and

means for not retaining the remaining points.

28. The computer system of claim 25, wherein the classifying means comprises

means for retaining the following points:

(I) points in the interior of the first geometry element and in the interior of the second geometry element;

(II) points in the interior of the first geometry element and in the exterior of the second geometry element;

(III) points on the boundary of the second geometry element and in the exterior of the first geometry element;

(IV) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and on the boundary of the second geometry element;

(V) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and in the interior of the second geometry element;

(VII) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and in the exterior of the second geometry element;

(VIII) points on the boundary of the second geometry element and in the exterior of the first geometry element; and

means for not retaining the remaining points.

29. The computer system of claim 25, wherein the classifying means comprises

means for retaining the following points:

(I) points in the interior of the first geometry element and in the interior of the second geometry element;

(III) points on the boundary of the second geometry element and in the exterior of the first geometry element;

(IV) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and on the boundary of the second geometry element;

(V) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and in the interior of the second geometry element;

(VI) points on the boundary of the second geometry element and in the interior of the first geometry element;

(VIII) points on the boundary of the second geometry element and in the exterior of the first geometry element; and

means for not retaining the remaining points.

30. A computer system for adjusting geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region to better match data acquired from the geological region, the computer system comprising a processor, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, the geological data stored on computer-readable media, the computer system comprising

means for organizing the data to represent a geometry element comprising at least two cells with topological relationships between the cells, the geometry element having a shape;

means for topologically editing the geometry element by revising the topological relationship between the cells or the shape of the geometry element in response to an input received by the programmed computer through at least one input device; and

means for applying the edited points to at least one of the output devices.

31. The computer system of claim 30, wherein the editing means comprises means for changing the topological relationship between the cells without changing the shape of the geometry element.

32. The computer system of claim 30, wherein

the editing means comprises means for not retaining a cell from the geometry element.

33. The computer system of claim 30, wherein

the editing means comprises means for changing the topological relationship between the cells and changing the shape of the geometry element.

34. A computer system for analyzing data corresponding to a region in space stored on computer-readable media, comprising

a database comprising a geometry part;

a design part, the geometry part being separate from the design part

the design part comprising data related to a feature, the feature having contextual meaning to an application, feature data in the design part being accessible by providing the name of the feature to the design part, the geometry part comprising data related to the feature, feature data in the geometry part being accessible by providing the name of the feature to the geometry part;

means for accessing the feature data from the design part and the feature data from the geometry part; and

means for providing the feature data to the application.

35. The computer system of claim 34, wherein the design part of the database comprises a description of the geometry part of the database.

36. A computer system for adjusting geological data, representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region, to better match data acquired from the geological region, the computer system comprising a processor a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, the geological data stored on computer-readable media, the computer system comprising

means for organizing the data to represent a plurality of geometry elements, each geometry element corresponding to a subset of the region;

and

a first feature comprising a first subset of the plurality of geometry elements, the first feature having a shape corresponding to the aggregate shape of the first subset of geometry elements, the first feature being meaningful to an application; and

means for applying the first feature to at least one of the output devices.

37. The computer system of claim 36, wherein the first feature comprises a first sub-subset of geometry elements and a second sub-subset of geometry elements disconnected from the first sub-subset of geometry elements.

38. The computer system of claim 36, further comprising

means for organizing the data to represent a second feature, the second feature being meaningful to an application the second feature comprising a second subset of the plurality of geometry elements wherein the second subset of geometry elements overlaps the first subset of geometry elements.

39. The computer system of claim 38, wherein the second feature is a sub-subset of the first feature.

40. The computer system of claim 36, further comprising means for attaching a material property to the first feature so that the material property applies to all geometry elements in the first subset of the plurality of geometry elements.

41. The computer system of claim 36, wherein the organizing is accomplished interactively.

42. A computer system for adjusting geological data, representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region, to better match data acquired from the geological region, the computer system comprising a processor, a data storage system at least one input device, and at least one output device, the geological data stored on computer-readable media, the computer system comprising

means for organizing the data to represent the geological region;

means for subdividing the region into a first geometry element and a second geometry element with a boundary separating the first geometry element and the second geometry element at a first location so that the first geometry element is on the first side of the boundary and the second geometry element is on the second side of the boundary;

means for attaching a bounded-from-first-side property and a bounded-from-second-side property to the boundary the bounded-from-first-side property defining a first feature on the first side of the boundary the bounded-from-second-side property defining a second feature on the second side of the boundary;

means for dissociating the boundary from the region by deactivating the boundary and

means for subdividing the region with the boundary at a new location by reactivating the boundary at the new location, the region on the first side of the boundary being the first feature and the region on the second side of the boundary being the second feature.

43. The computer system of claim 42, further comprising

means for attaching a material property to the boundary;

and

means for evaluating the material property at a point in the region as a boundary value problem using a value of the material property attached to the boundary as the boundary value.

44. A computer system for adjusting geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region to better match data acquired from the geological region, the computer system comprising a processor, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, the geological data stored on computer-readable media, the computer system comprising

means for organizing the data to represent a first plurality of geometry elements and a classification geometry element;

means for attaching a material property to each geometry element in a subset of the first plurality of geometry elements;

means for classifying the classification geometry element into the subset to produce a second plurality of geometry elements and a third plurality of geometry elements; and

means for propagating the material property from the subset to the second plurality of geometry elements.

45. The computer system of claim 44, further comprising means for propagating the material property from the classification geometry element to the second plurality of geometry elements.

46. A computer system for adjusting geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region, to better match data acquired from the geological region, the computer system comprising a processor, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, the geological data stored on computer-readable media, the computer system comprising

means for organizing the data to represent a first plurality of geometry elements;

means for attaching a material property to each of the first plurality of geometry elements;

means for producing a second plurality of geometry elements by splitting or merging the geometry elements in the first plurality of geometry elements; and

means for propagating the material property from the first plurality of geometry elements to the second plurality of geometry elements.

47. A computer system for adjusting geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region, to better match data acquired from the geological region, the computer system comprising a processor, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, the geological data being stored on computer-readable media, the computer system comprising

means for defining, in any order:

a topology of a feature comprising a set of geometry elements, each geometry element corresponding to a subset of the region, the feature being meaningful to an application;

a material property for the feature; and

a shape for the feature, the shape corresponding to the aggregate shape of the set of geometry elements.

48. A computer system for adjusting geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region to better match data acquired from the geological region, the computer system comprising a processor, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, the geological data being stored on computer-readable media, the computer system comprising

means for organizing the data into a feature comprising a set of geometry elements, each geometry element corresponding to a subset of the region, the feature being meaningful to an application,

means for attaching to the feature a first plurality of properties;

means for attaching to the feature a second plurality of properties;

means for activating the second plurality of properties and deactivating the first plurality of properties.

49. A computer program, residing on a computer-readable medium, comprising instructions for causing a computer, comprising a processor a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, to

acquire geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region;

organize the data to represent a first geometry element, the first geometry element corresponding to a subset of the region and having an interior, boundary and exterior and having points each point having a location on the interior or the boundary of the first geometry element, and a second geometry element, the second geometry element having an interior, an external boundary and an exterior and having points each point having a location on the interior or the external boundary of the second geometry element;

align at least a portion of the points of the second geometry element with at least a portion of the points of the first geometry element in response to input data received by the programmed computer through at least one of the input devices;

classify the second geometry element against the first geometry element to combine the first and second geometry elements, wherein classifying comprises deciding whether to retain a point on one of the geometry elements depending on whether the location of the point coincides with the interior, boundary or exterior of the other geometry element,

wherein not retaining a point comprises

deactivating the point if the geometry element of which it is a part has been designated a feature;

discarding the point otherwise

applying the retained points to at least one of the output devices.

50. The computer program of claim 49, wherein the dimension of the second geometry element is different from the dimension of the first geometry element.

51. The computer program of claim 49, wherein classifying comprises instructions for causing the computer to

retain the following points:

(I) points in the interior of the first geometry element and in the interior of the second geometry element;

(II) points in the interior of the first geometry element and in the exterior of the second geometry element;

(IV) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and on the boundary of the second geometry element;

(V) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and in the interior of the second geometry element;

(VI) points on the boundary of the second geometry element and in the interior of the first geometry element;

(VII) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and in the exterior of the second geometry element; and

not retain the remaining points.

52. The computer program of claim 49, wherein classifying comprises instructions for causing the computer to

retain the following points:

(I) points in the interior of the first geometry element and in the interior of the second geometry element;

(II) points in the interior of the first geometry element and in the exterior of the second geometry element;

(III) points on the boundary of the second geometry element and in the exterior of the first geometry element;

(IV) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and on the boundary of the second geometry element;

(V) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and in the interior of the second geometry element;

(VII) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and in the exterior of the second geometry element;

(VIII) points on the boundary of the second geometry element and in the exterior of the first geometry element; and

not retain the remaining points.

53. The computer program of claim 49, wherein classifying comprises instructions for causing the computer to

retain the following points:

(I) points in the interior of the first geometry element and in the interior of the second geometry element;

(III) points on the boundary of the second geometry element and in the exterior of the first geometry element;

(IV) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and on the boundary of the second geometry element;

(V) points on the boundary of the first geometry element and in the interior of the second geometry element;

(VI) points on the boundary of the second geometry element and in the interior of the first geometry element;

(VIII) points on the boundary of the second geometry element and in the exterior of the first geometry element; and

not retain the remaining points.

54. A computer program, residing on a computer-readable medium, comprising instructions for causing a computer, comprising a processor, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, to

acquire geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region;

organize the data to represent a geometry element comprising at least two cells with topological relationships between the cells, the geometry element having a shape;

topologically edit the geometry element by revising the topological relationship between the cells or the shape of the geometry element in response to an input received by the programmed computer through at least one input device; and

apply the edited points to at least one of the output devices.

55. The computer program of claim 54, wherein editing comprises instructions for causing the computer to change the topological relationship between the cells without changing the shape of the geometry element.

56. The computer program of claim 54,

wherein the instructions for causing the computer to edit comprise instructions for causing the computer to

not retain a cell from the geometry element.

57. The computer program of claim 54,

wherein the instructions for causing the computer to edit comprise instructions for causing the computer to

change the topological relationship between the cells and change the shape of the geometry element.

58. A computer program, residing on a computer-readable medium, comprising instructions for causing a computer, comprising a processor, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, to

acquire geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a region;

organize the data into a database stored on the computer-readable media, the database comprising a geometry part and a design part, the geometry part being separate from the design part, the design part comprising data related to a feature, the feature having contextual meaning to an application, feature data in the design part being accessible by providing the name of the feature to the design part, the geometry part comprising data related to the feature, feature data in the geometry part being accessible by providing the name of the feature to the geometry part;

access the feature data from the design part and the feature data from the geometry part; and

provide the feature data to the application.

59. The computer program of claim 58, wherein the design part of the database comprises a description of the geometry part of the database.

60. A computer program, residing on a computer-readable medium, comprising instructions for causing a computer, comprising a processor, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, to

acquire data;

store the data on the computer-readable medium

organize the data to represent a plurality of sub-regions and a feature comprising a subset of the plurality of sub-regions, the feature having a shape corresponding to the aggregate shape of the subset of sub-regions; and

apply the first feature to at least one of the output devices.

61. The computer program of claim 60, wherein the first feature comprises a first sub-subset of geometry elements and a second sub-subset of geometry elements disconnected from the first sub-subset of geometry elements.

62. The computer program of claim 60, further comprising instructions for causing the computer to

organize the data to represent a second feature, the second feature being meaningful to an application, the second feature comprising a second subset of the plurality of wherein the second subset of geometry elements overlaps the first subset of geometry elements.

63. The computer program of claim 62, wherein the second feature is a sub-subset of the first feature.

64. The computer program of claim 60, further comprising instructions for causing the computer to

attach a material property to the first feature so that the material property applies to all geometry elements in the first subset of the plurality of geometry elements.

65. The computer program of claim 60, wherein the instructions for causing the computer to organize operate interactively.

66. A computer program, residing on a computer-readable medium, comprising instructions for causing a computer, comprising a processor, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, to

acquire geological data, representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region;

organize the data to represent the geological region;

subdivide the region into a first geometry element and a second geometry element with a boundary separating the first geometry element and the second geometry element at a first location so that the first geometry element is on the first side of the boundary and the second geometry element is on the second side of the boundary;

attach a bounded-from-first-side property and a bounded-from-second-side property to the boundary the bounded-from-first-side property defining a first feature on the first side of the boundary the bounded-from-second-side property defining a second feature on the second side of the boundary;

dissociate the boundary from the region bv deactivating the boundary; and

subdivide the region with the boundary at a new location by reactivating the boundary at the new location, the region on the first side of the boundary being the first feature and the region on the second side of the boundary being the second feature.

67. The computer program of claim 66, further comprising instructions for causing the computer to

attach a material property to the boundary;

and

evaluate the material property at a point in the region as a boundary value problem using a value of the material property attached to the boundary as the boundary value.

68. A computer program, residing on a computer-readable medium, comprising instructions for causing a computer, comprising a processors a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device to

acquire geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region;

organize the data to represent a first plurality of geometry elements and a classification geometry element;

attach a material property to each geometry element in a subset of the first plurality of geometry elements;

classify the classification geometry element into the subset to produce a second plurality of geometry elements and a third plurality of geometry elements; and

propagate the material property from the subset to the second plurality of geometry elements.

69. The computer program of claim 68, further comprising instructions for causing the computer to

propagate the material property from the classification geometry element to the second plurality of geometry elements.

70. A computer program, residing on a computer-readable medium, comprising instructions for causing a computer, comprising a processor a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device to

acquire geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region;

organize the data to represent a first plurality of geometry elements;

attach a material property to each of the first plurality of geometry elements;

produce a second plurality of geometry elements by splitting or merging the geometry elements in the first plurality of geometry elements; and

propagate the material property from the first plurality of geometry elements to the second plurality of geometry elements.

71. A computer program, residing on a computer-readable medium, comprising instructions for causing a computer, comprising a processor, a data storage system, at least one input device and at least one output device to acquire geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region;

and

define, in any order;

a topology of a feature comprising a set of geometry elements, each geometry element corresponding to a subset of the region, the feature being meaningful to an application;

a material property for the feature; and

a shape for the feature the shape corresponding to the aggregate shape of the set of geometry elements.

72. A computer program, residing on a computer-readable medium, comprising instructions for causing a computer, comprising a processor, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, to

acquire geological data representing a model of the characteristics of a geological region;

organize the data into a feature comprising a set of geometry elements, each geometry element corresponding to a subset of the region, the feature being meaningful to an application;

attach to the feature a first plurality of properties;

attach to the feature a second plurality of properties;

activate the second plurality of properties and deactivate the first plurality of properties.