Method and system for robustly linearizing a radio frequency power amplifier using vector feedback

• US 6,133,789 A
• Filed: 12/10/1997
• Issued: 10/17/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 12/10/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Nortel Networks Corporation
• Inventors: Braithwaite, Richard Neil
• Primary Examiner(s): Pascal, Robert
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, KHANH V
• Application Number:
  US08/987,843
• Time in Patent Office: 1,042 Days
• Field of Search: 330/149, 330/136, 330/129, 330/280, 330/151, 330/52
• US Class Current: 330/149
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/345 using hybrid or directional couplers

Abstract

A method of linearizing an amplifier having an input and an output involves the steps of amplifying the amplifier input signal with a vector modulator having a gain adjustment signal input for receiving a gain adjustment signal and adjusting the gain of the vector modulator in response to a gain adjustment signal to produce an amplifier output signal at the amplifier output. This is followed by producing a gain error signal dependent upon the amplifier input signal and the amplifier output signal, the gain error signal having real and imaginary components lying within pre-defined regions in a complex plane. Finally, the gain adjustment signal is generated in response to a region in the complex plane in which an error signal vector defined by the real an imaginary components of the error signal vector lies.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

a) an amplifier having an input for receiving an amplifier input signal and an output for producing an amplifier output signal in response to said amplifier input signal, said amplifier including a vector modulator for amplifying said amplifier input signal, said vector modulator having a gain adjustment signal input for receiving a gain adjustment signal and having a gain adjustable in response to said gain adjustment signal;

b) a gain error signal generator for producing a gain error signal dependent upon said amplifier input signal and said amplifier output signal, said gain error signal having real and imaginary components lying within pre-defined regions in a complex plane;

c) a gain adjustment signal generator for generating said gain adjustment signal such that said gain adjustment signal is dependent upon which region in said complex plane said real and imaginary components lie in.

2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said pre-defined regions include first and second regions.

3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein said first region is a small error region in which the magnitude of the error signal is relatively small and wherein said second region is a large error region in which the magnitude of the error signal is relatively large.

4. An apparatus as claimed in claim 3 wherein said gain adjustment signal generator includes a coarse gain adjustment estimator an a fine gain adjustment estimator for producing said gain error signal.

5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein said coarse gain adjustment estimator is rendered operational in producing said gain error signal when the magnitude of said error signal is within said large error region and wherein said fine gain adjustment estimator is rendered operational in producing said gain error signal when the magnitude of said error signal is within said small error region.

6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4 further including an integrator for integrating said gain error signal to produce an integrated scaled gain error estimate signal.

7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 3 further including an exponential amplifier for exponentially amplifying said integrated scaled gain error estimate signal.

8. An apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein said gain error signal generator includes first and second time shifters for producing first and second time shifted reference signals respectively.

9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein said gain error signal generator includes a summing junction for summing said first time shifted reference signal with said output signal to produce an error signal.

10. An apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein said gain error signal generator includes a correlator for producing a correlated error signal from said error signal and said second time shifted reference signal.

11. An apparatus as claimed in claim 10 wherein said fine gain adjustment estimator is operable to produce a normalized correlated error signal produced by normalizing said correlated error signal with the power of said second time shifted reference signal.

12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11 wherein said fine gain adjustment estimator produces said normalized correlated error signal such that said normalized correlated error signal is approximately equal to a gain error gradient of the error signal.

13. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11 wherein said coarse gain adjustment estimator determines the location of a normalized correlated error signal with respect to pre-defined boundaries and adjusts said normalized correlated error signal according to said location.

14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein said gain adjustment signal generator includes an error signal path between said vector modulator and said summing junction, and an on-line calibrator for automatically compensating the second time shifted reference signal for asymmetries between the second time shifted reference signal and the error signal path, in response to said gain error signal.

15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said vector modulator is exponentially responsive to said gain adjustment signal.

16. A method of linearizing an amplifier having an input and an output, the method including the steps of:

a) amplifying said amplifier input signal with a vector modulator having a gain adjustment signal input for receiving a gain adjustment signal and adjusting the gain of said vector modulator in response to a gain adjustment signal to produce an amplifier output signal at said amplifier output;

b) producing a gain error signal dependent upon said amplifier input signal and said amplifier output signal, said gain error signal having real and imaginary components lying within pre-defined regions in a complex plane;

c) generating said gain adjustment signal such that said gain adjustment signal is dependent upon which region in said complex plane said real and imaginary components of said error signal vector lie in.

17. A method as claimed in claim 16 further including the step of producing a gain error signal using a coarse gain adjustment estimator and a fine gain adjustment estimator.

18. A method as claimed in claim 17 further including the step of rendering said coarse gain adjustment estimator operational in producing said gain error signal when the magnitude of said error signal is within a large error region and further including the step of rendering operational said fine gain adjustment estimator in producing said gain error signal when the magnitude of said error signal is within a small error region.

19. A method as claimed in claim 17 further including the step of integrating said gain error signal to produce a scaled gain error estimate signal.

20. A method as claimed in claim 18 further including the step of exponentially amplifying said scaled gain error estimate signal.

21. A method as claimed in claim 18 further including the step of producing first and second time shifted reference signals respectively.

22. A method as claimed in claim 21 further including the step of summing said first time shifted reference signal with said output signal to produce an error signal.

23. A method as claimed in claim 22 further including the step of producing a correlated error signal from said error signal and said second time shifted reference signal.

24. A method as claimed in claim 23 further including the step of normalizing said correlated error signal with the power of said second time shifted reference signal to produce a normalized correlated error signal.

25. A method as claimed in claim 24 further including the step of producing said normalized correlated error signal such that said normalized correlated error signal is approximately equal to a gain error gradient of the error signal.

26. A method as claimed in claim 24 further including the step of determining the location of a normalized correlated error signal with respect to pre-defined boundaries and adjusting said normalized correlated error signal according to said location.

27. A method as claimed in claim 22 further including the step of automatically compensating the second time shifted reference signal for symmetries between the second time shifted reference signal and an error signal path, in response to said gain error signal.

28. A method as claimed in claim 16 further including the step of exponentially amplifying said amplifier input signal with said vector modulator.