Methods and apparatus for reducing z-axis non-uniformity artifacts

• US 6,134,292 A
• Filed: 07/13/1998
• Issued: 10/17/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 07/13/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Hsieh, Jiang
• Primary Examiner(s): BRUCE, DAVID VERNON
• Application Number:
  US09/114,400
• Time in Patent Office: 827 Days
• Field of Search: 378/4, 378/15, 378/19, 378/901
• US Class Current: 378/4
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/032 Transmission computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4085 Cone-beams
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4411 the apparatus being modular A61B6/4283 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/2985 In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters; Tomographic imaging (longitudinal and transverse section imaging; apparatus for radiation diagnosis sequentially in different planes, steroscopic radiation diagnosis); using external radiation sources A61B6/02
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 378/901 Computer tomography program or processor

Abstract

Methods and apparatus of correcting image data for z-axis non-uniformity in a computed tomography (CT) system are described. In one embodiment, the CT system includes a configurable multislice detector array and a calibration algorithm. In accordance with one embodiment of the algorithm, output signals from a plurality of detector cells are sampled to generate an x-ray beam z-axis non-uniformity profile. The x-ray beam z-axis profile is then used to determine a detector z-axis non-uniformity profile for the detector array. Utilizing the z-axis profiles, the output signals from the detector cells may be calibrated to reduce z-axis non-uniformity errors.

Claims

1. A system for calibrating projection data for generating a tomographic image of an object, said system comprising an x-ray source and a detector array comprising a plurality of cells arranged in rows and columns and displaced along a z-axis, the detector array column cells being arranged in channels, said system being configured to:

determine an x-ray beam z-axis profile; and

determine a true x-ray flux utilizing detector gain profiles and the determined x-ray beam profile;

wherein;

said system being configured to determine an x-ray beam z-axis profile comprises said system being configured to obtain signals from a select number of detector cells in at least one channel of the detector array; and

said system being configured to obtain signals from a selected number of detector cells comprises said system being configured to select at least one detector cell having a uniform gain measurement.

2. A method for calibrating projection data in a multi-slice computed tomography system, the system including an x-ray source and a detector array comprising a plurality of cells arranged in rows and columns and displaced along a z-axis, and the detector array cells are arranged in channels, said method comprising the steps of:

determining an x-ray beam z-axis profile including obtaining signals from detector cells in at least one fully sampled channel of the detector array; and

determining a true x-ray flux utilizing detector gain profiles and the determined x-ray beam profile.

3. A method in accordance with claim 2 wherein each channel comprises a plurality of slices.

4. A method in accordance with claim 3 wherein determining an x-ray beam z-axis profile comprises fully sampling a plurality of channels and interpolating signals from the fully-sampled channels to estimate an x-ray beam z-axis profile for non-fully-sampled channels.

5. A method in accordance with claim 2 further comprising the step of determining a gain profile for each of the selected detector cells to determine detector gain profiles.

6. A method in accordance with claim 2 further comprising the step of adjusting the projection data using the detector gain profiles and x-ray flux profiles.

7. A method in accordance with claim 6 wherein adjusting projection data comprises the step of generating a gain profile for each detector cell not fully sampled.

8. A method in accordance with claim 7 wherein generating a gain profile for each non-fully-sampled detector cell comprises the step of determining a measured output signal, wherein the measured output signal, y'"'"', is:

##EQU4##

9. A method in accordance with claim 8 wherein generating the true x-ray flux for each non-fully-sampled detector cell further comprises the step of determining a true x-ray flux for the channel.

10. A method in accordance with claim 9 wherein the true x-ray flux for the channel is:

11. A method in accordance with claim 10 wherein each slice channel comprises four cells and wherein the measured output signal for each slice of each non-fully-sampled detector cell is:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">y'"'"'=g'"'"'.sub.0 α

'"'"'.sub.0 l'"'"'+g'"'"'.sub.1 α

'"'"'.sub.1 l'"'"'+g'"'"'.sub.2 α

'"'"'.sub.2 l'"'"'+g'"'"'.sub.3 α

'"'"'.sub.3 l'"'"'.

12. A method in accordance with claim 10 wherein the true x-ray flux for the channel is:

##EQU5##

13. A method in accordance with claim 12 wherein generating the x-ray flux profile for the non-fully-sampled detector cells comprises the step of creating a polynomial fit of the fully-sampled detector cell output signals.

14. A method in accordance with claim 2 wherein obtaining signals from detector cells in at least one fully sampled channel of the detector array further comprises the steps of:

generating view data utilizing the detector cell signals; and

generating the true x-ray flux profile utilizing the view data.

15. A method in accordance with claim 2 wherein obtaining signals from detector cells in at least one fully sampled channel of the detector array further comprises the steps of:

generating data for multiple views utilizing the detector cell signals; and

generating the true x-ray flux profile utilizing the multiple view data.

16. A method in accordance with claim 2 wherein obtaining signals from detector cells in at least one fully sampled channel of the detector array further comprises the step of selecting at least one detector cell having an uniform gain measurement.

17. A method in accordance with claim 2 wherein determining an x-ray beam z-axis profile comprises the steps of:

estimating an x-ray flux profile;

adjusting the output signals of each channel; and

generating a revised x-ray beam z-axis profile utilizing the adjusted output signals.

18. A system for calibrating projection data for generating a tomographic image of an object, said system comprising an x-ray source and a detector array comprising a plurality of cells arranged in rows and columns and displaced along a z-axis, the detector array column cells being arranged in channels, said system being configured to:

determine an x-ray beam z-axis profile; and

determine a true x-ray flux utilizing detector gain profiles and the determined x-ray beam profile;

wherein;

said system being configured to determine an x-ray beam z-axis profile comprises said system being configured to obtain signals from a select number of detector cells in at least one channel of the detector array;

said system being configured to determine an x-ray beam z-axis profile comprises said system being configured to;

estimate an x-ray flux profile;

adjust the output signals of each channel; and

generate a revised x-ray beam z-axis profile utilizing the adjusted output signals.

19. A system for calibrating projection data for generating a tomographic image of an object, said system comprising an x-ray source and a detector array comprising a plurality of cells arranged in rows and columns and displaced along a z-axis, wherein said detector cell columns are arranged in channels said system configured to:

determine at least one z-axis x-ray beam profile; and

determine a true x-ray flux utilizing detector gain profiles and said determined x-ray beam profile;

and wherein to determine said x-ray beam profile, said system is configured to obtain signals from a select number of detector cells in at least one channel of said detector array.

20. A system in accordance with claim 19 wherein each channel comprises a plurality of slices.

21. A system in accordance with claim 20 wherein said system being configured to determine an x-ray beam z-axis profile comprises said system being configured to fully sample a plurality of channels and to interpolate signals from the fully-sampled channels to estimate an x-ray beam z-axis profile for non-fully-sampled channels.

22. A system in accordance with claim 19, said system being further configured to determine a gain profile for each of said selected detector cells.

23. A system in accordance with claim 19 further configured to adjust the projection data using said detector gain profiles and said x-ray flux.

24. A system in accordance with claim 23 wherein to adjust the projection data, said system is configured to generate a gain profile for each detector cell not fully sampled.

25. A system in accordance with claim 24 wherein to generate a gain profile for each non-fully-sampled detector cell, said system is configured to determine a measured output signal, wherein said measured output signal, y'"'"', is:

##EQU6##

26. A system in accordance with claim 25 wherein to generate said true x-ray flux for each non-fully-sampled detector cell, said system is configured to determine a true x-ray flux for said channel.

27. A system in accordance with claim 26 wherein said true x-ray flux for said channel is:

28. A system in accordance with claim 27 wherein each slice channel comprises four cells and wherein said measured output signal for each slice of each non-fully-sampled detector cell is:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">y'"'"'=g'"'"'.sub.0 α

'"'"'.sub.0 l'"'"'+g'"'"'.sub.1 α

'"'"'.sub.1 l'"'"'+g'"'"'.sub.2 α

'"'"'.sub.2 l'"'"'+g'"'"'.sub.3 α

'"'"'.sub.3 l'"'"'.

29. A system in accordance with claim 27 wherein said true x-ray flux for said channel is:

##EQU7##30.

30. A system in accordance with claim 29 wherein to generate said x-ray flux profile for said non-fully-sampled detector cells, said system is configured to create a polynomial fit of said fully-sampled detector cell output signals.

31. A system in accordance with claim 19 wherein to obtain signals from detector cells in at least one fully sampled channel of the detector array, said system is further configured to:

generate view data utilizing said detector cell signals; and

generate said true x-ray flux profile utilizing said view data.

32. A system in accordance with claim 19 wherein to obtain signals from detector cells in at least one fully sampled channel of the detector array, said system is further configured to:

generate data for multiple views utilizing said detector cell signals; and

generate said true x-ray flux profile utilizing said multiple view data.

33. A system in accordance with claim 19 wherein to obtain signals from detector cells in at least one fully sampled channel of the detector array, said system is further configured to select at least one detector cell having an uniform gain measurement.

34. A system in accordance with claim 19 wherein to determine an x-ray beam z-axis profile, said system is configured to:

estimate an x-ray flux profile;

adjust said output signals of each channel; and

generate a revised x-ray beam z-axis profile utilizing said adjusted output signals.

35. A method for calibrating projection data in a multislice computed tomography system, the system including an x-ray source and a detector array comprising a plurality of cells arranged in rows and columns and displaced along a z-axis, the detector array column cells being arranged in channels, said method comprising the steps of:

determining an x-ray beam z-axis profile, including obtaining signals from a select number of detector cells in at least one channel of the detector array; and

determining a true x-ray flux utilizing detector gain profiles and the determined x-ray beam profile;

wherein obtaining signals from a selected number of detector cells comprises the step of selecting at least one detector cell having a uniform gain measurement.

36. A method for calibrating projection data in a multislice computed tomography system, the system including an x-ray source and a detector array comprising a plurality of cells arranged in rows and columns and displaced along a z-axis, the detector array column cells being arranged in channels, said method comprising the steps of:

determining an x-ray beam z-axis profile, including obtaining signals from a select number of detector cells in at least one channel of the detector array; and

determining a true x-ray flux utilizing detector gain profiles and the determined x-ray beam profile;

wherein determining an x-ray beam z-axis profile comprises the steps of;

estimating an x-ray flux profile;

adjusting the output signals of each channel; and

generating a revised x-ray beam z-axis profile utilizing the adjusted output signals.

37. A method for calibrating projection data in a multislice computed tomography system, the system including an x-ray source and a detector array comprising a plurality of cells arranged in rows and columns and displaced along a z-axis, the detector array column cells arranged in channels, said method comprising the steps of:

determining an x-ray beam z-axis profile including obtaining signals from a select number of detector cells in at least one channel of the detector array;

determining a true x-ray flux utilizing detector gain profiles and the determined x-ray beam profile;

adjusting the projection data using the detector gain profiles and the determined x-ray flux profiles, including generating a gain profile for each non-selected detector cell;

wherein generating a gain profile for each non-selected detector cell comprises the step of determining a measured output signal, wherein the measured output signal, y'"'"', is;

##EQU8##

38. A method in accordance with claim 37 wherein generating the true x-ray flux for each non-selected detector cell further comprises the step of determining a true x-ray flux for the channel.

39. A method in accordance with claim 38 wherein the true x-ray flux for the channel is:

40. A method in accordance with claim 39 wherein each slice channel comprises four cells and wherein the measured output signal for each slice of each non-selected detector cell is:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">y'"'"'=g'"'"'.sub.0 α

'"'"'.sub.0 l'"'"'+g'"'"'.sub.1 α

'"'"'.sub.1 l'"'"'+g'"'"'.sub.2 α

'"'"'.sub.2 l'"'"'+g'"'"'.sub.3 α

'"'"'.sub.3 l'"'"'.

41. A method in accordance with claim 39 wherein the true x-ray flux for the channel is:

##EQU9##

42. A method in accordance with claim 41 wherein generating the x-ray flux profile for the non-selected detector cells comprises the step of creating a polynomial fit of the selected detector cell output signals.

43. A system for calibrating projection data for generating a tomographic image of an object, said system comprising an x-ray source and a detector array comprising a plurality of cells arranged in rows and columns and displaced along a z-axis, the detector array column cells being arranged in channels, said system configured to:

determine an x-ray beam z-axis profile;

determine a true x-ray flux utilizing detector gain profiles and the determined x-ray beam profile; and

adjust the projection data using the detector gain profiles and the determined x-ray flux profiles;

wherein;

said system being configured to determine an x-ray beam z-axis profile comprises said system being configured to obtain signals from a select number of detector cells in at least one channel of the detector array;

said system being configured to adjust the projection data includes said system being configured to generate a gain profile for each non-selected detector cell; and

said system being configured to generate a gain profile for each non-selected detector cell comprises said system being configured to determine a measured output signal, wherein the measured output signal, y'"'"', is;

##EQU10##

44. A system in accordance with claim 43 wherein said system being configured to generate the true x-ray flux for each non-selected detector cell comprises said system being configured to determine a true x-ray flux for the channel.

45. A system in accordance with claim 44 wherein the true x-ray flux for the channel is:

46. A system in accordance with claim 45 wherein each slice channel comprises four cells and wherein the measured output signal for each slice of each non-selected detector cell is:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">y'"'"'=g'"'"'.sub.0 α

'"'"'.sub.0 l'"'"'+g'"'"'.sub.1 α

'"'"'.sub.1 l'"'"'+g'"'"'.sub.2 α

'"'"'.sub.2 l'"'"'+g'"'"'.sub.3 α

'"'"'.sub.3 l'"'"'.

47. A system in accordance with claim 45 wherein the true x-ray flux for the channel is:

##EQU11##

48. A system in accordance with claim 47 wherein said system being configured to generate the x-ray flux profile for the non-selected detector cells comprises said system being configured to create a polynomial fit of the selected detector cell output signals.