Compact and light weight catalyst bed for use in a fuel cell power plant and method for forming the same

• US 6,140,266 A
• Filed: 02/18/1999
• Issued: 10/31/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 02/18/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Ballard Power Systems Corporation (Superior Plus Corporation)
• Original Assignee: International Fuel Cells LLC (Raytheon Technologies Corporation d/b/a RTX)
• Inventors: Lukianoff, Maria G., Hildreth, Derek W., Lesieur, Roger R., Corrigan, Thomas J., Bonville, Leonard J. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Dunn, Tom
• Assistant Examiner(s): JOHNSON, CHRISTINA ANN
• Application Number:
  US09/252,154
• Time in Patent Office: 621 Days
• Field of Search: 502/439, 502/345, 502/343, 502/337, 502/339, 502/326, 502/527.11, 502/527.24, 502/527.18, 429/40, 429/41, 429/44
• US Class Current: 502/439
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 35/56 Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0631 Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell hydrogen C01B3/00; reactors for physicochemical processes B01J19/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

A fuel gas catalyst bed for use in a fuel cell power plant is formed from a monolithic open cell foam component, the open cell lattice of which forms gas passages through the catalyst bed. The monolithic component has a lattice of internal open cells which are both laterally and longitudinally interconnected so as to produce a diffuse gas flow pattern through the catalyst bed. All areas of the monolithic component which form the gas flow pattern are provided with an underlying high porosity wash coat layer. The porous surface of the wash coat layer is provided with a nickel catalyst layer, or a noble metal catalyst layer, such as platinum, rhodium, palladium, or the like, over which the gas stream being treated flows. The base foam lattice can be a metal such as aluminum, stainless steel, a steel-aluminum alloy, a nickel alloy, a ceramic, or the like material which can be wash coated. The use of an open cell lattice as the basis of a catalyst bed enables the formation of very compact, light weight and high surface area catalyst bed with excellent gas flow-through characteristics.

Claims

1. A catalyst bed for use in a fuel processing system that catalytically renders a fuel gas stream useful for fueling a fuel cell power plant, said catalyst bed comprising a monolithic open cell foam member having a lattice of internal open cells which are both laterally and longitudinally interconnected and that defines interconnected interstices which produce a laterally and longitudinally diffuse gas flow pattern through the catalyst bed, said lattice having a core which is provided with a porous wash coat layer on all surfaces of said core;

and a catalyst deposited on said wash coat layer.

2. The catalyst bed of claim 1 wherein the wash coat layer is a porous ceramic material selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, silica-alumina, ceria, silicon carbide, or another porous ceramic material.

3. The catalyst bed of claim 1, wherein said monolithic member is formed from a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, an aluminum-steel alloy, a nickel alloy, silicon carbide, carbon, graphite, stainless steel, or a ceramic.

4. The catalyst bed of claim 1, wherein said catalyst is a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc, nickel, platinum, rhodium and palladium.

5. The catalyst bed of claim 1 wherein said catalyst is nickel, copper or zinc.

6. The catalyst bed of claim 1 wherein said catalyst is a noble metal.

7. The catalyst bed of claim 1 wherein said bed is bonded to an adjacent heat transfer member in order to establish a heat transfer relationship between said bed and said member.

8. A method for forming a catalyst bed for use in a fuel processing system that catalytically renders a fuel gas stream useful for fueling a fuel cell power plant, said method comprising the steps of:

a) providing a monolithic open cell foam member having a lattice of internal open cells which are both laterally and longitudinally interconnected and that defines interconnected interstices which produce a laterally and longitudinally diffuse gas flow pattern through the catalyst bed, said lattice having a core;

b) forming a porous wash coat layer on all surfaces of said core; and

c) depositing a catalyst on said wash coat layer.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the wash coat layer is a porous ceramic material selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, silica-aluminum, ceria, silicon carbide, or another porous ceramic material.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein said monolithic member is formed from a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, an aluminum-steel alloy, stainless steel, a nickel alloy, carbon, graphite, silicon carbide or a ceramic.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein said catalyst is a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, platinum, rhodium and palladium.

12. The method of claim 8 wherein said catalyst is nickel, copper or zinc.

13. The method of claim 8 wherein said catalyst is a noble metal.

14. The method of claim 8 including the further step of bonding the monolithic open cell foam member to an adjacent heat transfer member so as to establish a thermal conductivity relationship between said open cell foam member and said heat transfer member.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein said heat transfer member includes a plate.

16. The method of claim 14 wherein said heat transfer member includes a coolant conduit.