Method and apparatus for preventing removal of embedded information in cover signals

• US 6,145,081 A
• Filed: 02/02/1998
• Issued: 11/07/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 02/02/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Verance Corporation
• Original Assignee: Verance Corporation
• Inventors: Petrovic, Rade, Winograd, Joseph M., Jemili, Kanaan, Metois, Eric
• Primary Examiner(s): Swann, Tod R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Callahan, Paul E.
• Application Number:
  US09/017,145
• Time in Patent Office: 1,009 Days
• Field of Search: 380/23, 380/59, 380/5, 380/19, 713/176, 713/177, 713/179, 382/306, 348/334, 386/95, 386/96, 386/104
• US Class Current: 726/33
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00086 Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy indicating unauthorised use of record carriers in general G11B23/28; scrambling for television signal recording H04N5/913; network architectures or network protocols for network security H04L63/00; cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00884 involving a watermark, i.e. a barely perceptible transformation of the original data which can nevertheless be recognised by an algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2005/91335 the copy protection signal being a watermark
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/913 for scrambling ; for copy protection

Abstract

Apparatus and methods are provided for embedding watermark information into a cover signal, such as an audio signal, video signal, or still image signal, in a manner that prevents the watermark information from being removed without degrading the quality of the cover signal. This is accomplished by subjecting the cover signal to a phase modulation prior to being embedded with the watermark information, wherein the amount or degree of phase modulation is changed at least for each different watermark to be embedded in a particular instance or copy of the cover signal. As such, if two copies of the same cover signal, each containing a different watermark, are averaged or combined in an attempt to obliterate the watermark information, the cover signal will be subjected to phase cancellation, rendering any illicit copy of such signal so derived to be valueless.

Claims

1. A method for embedding watermark information into a cover signal, comprising the steps of:

selecting values of predefined phase modulation parameters for said cover signal;

modulating the phase of said cover signal according to said selected phase modulation parameter values to obtain a phase-modulated cover signal; and

embedding said watermark information into said phase-modulated cover signal to obtain a stego signal;

wherein

said phase modulation parameter values are selected such that combining any two or more instances of said stego signal containing different watermark information will result in phase cancellation with respect to the combined signal.

2. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said phase modulation parameter values are time-varying during phase modulation of said cover signal.

3. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said phase modulation parameter values are randomly selected for each watermarking embedding operation on said cover signal.

4. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the step of modulating comprises passing said cover signal through an all-pass filter, and said phase modulation parameters are filter coefficients for said all-pass filter.

5. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the step of modulating comprises passing said cover signal through a sampling interpolator, and said phase modulation parameters are sampling location values with respect to said cover signal.

6. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said cover signal is an audio signal.

7. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said cover signal is a video signal.

8. Apparatus for embedding watermark information into a cover signal, comprising:

a phase modulation parameter generator for providing values of predefined phase modulation parameters;

a phase modulator for modulating the phase of said cover signal in accordance with said phase modulation parameter values to produce a phase-modulated cover signal; and

a watermark information embeddor for embedding watermark information into said phase-modulated cover signal to obtain a stego signal.

9. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said phase modulator comprises an all-pass filter, and said phase modulation parameters comprise filter coefficients for said all-pass filter.

10. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said phase modulator comprises a sampling interpolator, and said phase modulation parameters comprise sampling location values with respect to said cover signal.

11. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said cover signal is an audio signal.

12. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said cover signal is a video signal.

13. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said phase modulation parameter values are time-varying during phase modulation of said cover signal.

14. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said phase modulation parameter values are randomly selected for each watermarking embedding operation on said cover signal.

15. A method for preventing removal of watermark information embedded into a cover signal, comprising the steps of:

modulating the phase of said cover signal by an amount which varies at least as a function of the content of said watermark information, to produce a phase-modulated cover signal; and

embedding said watermark information into said phase-modulated cover signal.

16. A method as set forth in claim 15, wherein the step of modulating comprises passing said cover signal through an all-pass filter, and the amount of phase modulation is determined by filter coefficients for said all-pass filter which change with different watermark information.

17. A method as set forth in claim 15, wherein the step of modulating comprises passing said cover signal through a sampling interpolator, and the amount of phase modulation is determined by sampling location values with respect to said cover signal, which change with different watermark information.

18. A method as set forth in claim 15, wherein said cover signal is an audio signal.

19. A method as set forth in claim 15, wherein said cover signal is a video signal.