Hysteretic regulator and control method having switching frequency independent from output filter

• US 6,147,478 A
• Filed: 09/17/1999
• Issued: 11/14/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 09/17/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Inventors: Skelton, Dale James, Miftakhutdinov, Rais Karimovich
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Vu, Bao Q.
• Application Number:
  US09/399,302
• Time in Patent Office: 424 Days
• Field of Search: 323/283, 323/284, 323/280, 323/285, 323/288
• US Class Current: 323/288
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1563 without using an external clock H02M3/158 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1588 comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element H02M3/1582, H02M3/1584 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/351 Pulse width modulation being used in an amplifying circuit
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A DC to DC power converter (58) and method of controlling the DC to DC power converter (58). The converter (58) has a first switch (S₁) coupled to a second switch (S₂). The converter (58) is adapted to receive an input voltage V_in, generate an output voltage V_out, and operate at a switching frequency. A hysteretic mode control circuit (52) includes a first circuit generating a ramp signal at input (56) for controlling the converter (58). The first circuit includes a first capacitor (C₁) with the ramp signal generated at an end of the first capacitor (C₁). The hysteretic mode control circuit (52) is coupled to the first (S₁) and second (S₂) switches, where the switching frequency of the first and second switches is dependent upon the ramp signal (56) determined by the value of the components of the first circuit rather than on the voltage from the output filter of the DC to DC power converter. The invention is particularly useful for applications such as DSPs and mixed signal or analog circuits.

Claims

1. A DC to DC power converter, comprising:

a first switch coupled to a second switch operating at a switching frequency, said converter adapted to receive an input voltage, generate an output voltage, and having an output filter coupled to said output voltage;

a first circuit generating a ramp signal comprising a first capacitor generating said ramp signal at one end; and

a hysteretic mode control circuit having an output coupled to said first and second switches and having an input coupled to said output filter and to said first circuit, said hysteretic mode control circuit controlling said switching frequency of said first and second switch as a function of said ramp signal.

2. The converter of claim 1 wherein said first capacitor is coupled to an input of said hysteretic mode control circuit, wherein said first circuit further comprises a first resistor coupled to a node defined between said first and second switches of said converter and said end of said first capacitor, wherein said switching frequency is dependent on the value of said first resistor and said first capacitor.

3. The circuit of claim 2 wherein said first circuit comprises a second capacitor coupled between said first resistor and said first capacitor.

4. The circuit of claim 3 wherein said second capacitor is at least 10 times the value of said first capacitor, wherein said output voltage is independent of the value of said first resistor.

5. The circuit of claim 1 wherein said first circuit further comprises a current charge source and a current discharge source, said current charge and discharge sources being coupled to an input of said hysteretic control circuit, wherein the values of said current charge and discharge sources define the slope of said ramp signal.

6. The circuit of claim 5 wherein said current charge and discharge sources are constant, wherein said switching frequency is independent from the input and output characteristics of said converter.

7. The circuit of claim 5 wherein said current charge source is proportional to the difference between said input voltage and said output voltage of said converter, wherein said discharge source is proportional to the output voltage, wherein the line regulation of the output voltage is improved, and wherein said switching frequency varies with the input voltage.

8. The circuit of claim 1 wherein said first circuit further comprises a synchronization signal coupled to an input of said hysteretic control circuit, wherein said switching frequency is independent from said output voltage.

9. The circuit of claim 1 wherein said output voltage of said converter has a ripple, wherein said ramp signal is greater than said ripple of said output voltage.

10. The circuit of claim 2 wherein said first circuit further comprises a buffer circuit coupled between said first resistor and said node, wherein said switching frequency is independent from said input voltage.

11. A DC to DC power converter, comprising:

a first switch coupled to a second switch operating at a switching frequency, said converter adapted to receive an input voltage, generate an output voltage, and having an output filter coupled to said output voltage, said output voltage having a ripple;

a first circuit generating a ramp signal being greater than said output voltage ripple, said first circuit comprising a first capacitor having a first end and a second end, said ramp signal generated at said first capacitor second end; and

a hysteretic mode control circuit having an output coupled to said first and second switches, and having an input coupled to said output filter and to said first circuit, the hysteretic mode control circuit controlling said switching frequency of said first and second switches as a function of said ramp signal such that said ripple of said output voltage is reduced.

12. The converter of claim 11 wherein said first capacitor second end is coupled to an input of said hysteretic mode control circuit, said first capacitor first end is coupled to ground, said first circuit further comprises a first resistor coupled to a node defined between said first and second switches of said converter and said second end of said first capacitor, and said switching frequency is dependent on the value of said first resistor and said first capacitor.

13. The converter of claim 12 further comprising a second capacitor coupled between said first resistor and said first capacitor, said second capacitor being at least 10 times the value of said first capacitor, wherein said output voltage of said converter is independent of the value of said first resistor.

14. The converter of claim 11 wherein said first circuit further comprises a current charge source and a current discharge source, said current charge and discharge sources being coupled to an input of said hysteretic control circuit, wherein the values of said current charge and discharge sources define the slope of said ramp signal.

15. The converter of claim 14 wherein said current charge and discharge sources are constant, where the switching frequency of said hysteretic control circuit is independent from said output voltage of said converter.

16. The converter of claim 14 wherein said current charge source is proportional to the difference between said input voltage and said output voltage of said converter, wherein said discharge sources is proportional to the output voltage, wherein the line regulation of the output voltage is improved, and wherein said switching frequency varies with the input voltage.

17. The converter of claim 11 wherein said first circuit further comprises a synchronization signal coupled to said input of said hysteretic control circuit, where said switching frequency is independent from said output voltage.

18. A method of controlling an output voltage of a DC to DC power converter, said converter including a first switch coupled to a second switch operating at a switching frequency, said converter adapted to receive an input voltage and generate an output voltage, said converter having a hysteretic mode control circuit, said hysteretic mode control circuit having an output coupled to said first and second switches and having an input coupled to said output filter, said method comprising the steps of:

generating a ramp signal using a first capacitor coupled to an input of said hysteretic mode control circuit; and

controlling said switching frequency using said ramp signal wherein said switching frequency is dependent on the value of said first capacitor.

19. The method of claim 18 further comprising the step of:

coupling a first resistor between said first capacitor and a node defined between said first and second switch, wherein said switching frequency is dependent on the value of said first resistor.

20. The method of claim 19 further comprising the step of:

coupling a second capacitor between said first resistor and said first capacitor, said second capacitor being larger than said first capacitor.

21. The method of claim 18 further comprising the step of:

selectively coupling a current charge source to said first capacitor, said current charge source adapted to charge said first capacitor; and

selectively coupling a current discharge source to said first capacitor, said current discharge source adapted to discharge said first capacitor.

22. The method of claim 18 further comprising the step of:

coupling a synchronization signal to said input of said hysteretic mode control circuit, wherein said DC to DC converter is adapted to be synchronized with at least one other DC to DC converter using said synchronization signal.